I-NDP: ukuklama (ukwakha). Incazelo yokuklama nokuhlola, imisebenzi yokwakha nokuqala,

Noma yiluphi uchwepheshe emkhakheni wokwakha kufanele azi ukuthi yi-NDP. Ukumiswa kwesifingqo, kanye nabanye abaningana, kuzonikezwa ngezansi.

Umsebenzi wokwakha nokuhlola

Isifinyezo sezinhlamvu ezintathu - i-PIR - imelela imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ekuhloleni kobunjiniyela, ukulungiselela amaphrojekthi, ukuthuthukiswa kwezizathu zezomnotho nezobuchwepheshe kanye nemibhalo yokusebenza, ukwakhiwa kwemibhalo yokulinganisa yokwakhiwa (kungase kube entsha noma kuhileleke kabusha futhi kwandiswe). Kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izimo ezishiwo inkontileka, le misebenzi ingenziwa ngumklami jikelele, noma ngomklami wokwakha. Ucabanga ukuthi yini i-NDP? Ukuhlelwa kwesifingqo kufakwe kulesi sihloko. Ucwaningo lwezobunjiniyela luqhutshwa ukuthola ulwazi ngemibandela yemvelo yensimu lapho kuhlelwe ukwakha khona. Ulwazi olufunyenwe yingxenye ebalulekile yedatha yephrojekthi. Ucwaningo lwezobunjiniyela luyenziwa yizinhlangano ezikhethekile eziphethe amalayisense. Kwezinye izimo, izingxenye nezinhlangano ezihlelekile zingasebenza njengabaphathi, okungukuthi, iminyango yokuhlola. Ubhekene nomqondo we "Poland"? Ukumiswa kwesifingqo kufakwe ngezansi.

Kuncike ebuchosheni nobukhulu besakhiwo esicacisiwe, ubunjiniyela kanye nokuhlola kwe geological kwenziwa yinhlangano eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Esikhathini sesibili, inkampani eyodwa isebenza njengompampani jikelele, kuyilapho abanye benza imisebenzi yokuthengiswa kwempahla. Uma sicabangela wonke amacala, ngakho-ke iningi labo umsebenzi wonke wokwakhiwa okwenziwe yinkampani eyodwa. Uma unesithakazelo ekuchazeni ukuklama, ukuklama, ukwakhiwa, ukuthumela, kubalulekile ukufunda ulwazi ngezansi.

Uma sikhuluma ngesifingqo sokuqala, ngaleso sikhathi ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwezomnotho, iningi lezinhlangano zokuhlola zaseRussia zaba izinkampani ezibambisene nazo. Ezinye zahlukaniswa ngamabhizinisi amancane. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi abaningi babo abazange bashintshe amagama abo, beshiya isifinyezo se-TISIZ, esho "ukuzethemba kwezobunjiniyela nokuhlola okwakhiwa."

Imisebenzi yokucwaninga

Idatha yokuqala kanye nezidingo zemiphumela isethwe emsebenzini, okhishwa ikhasimende noma inhlangano yephrojekthi. Ngokusho kwe-SNIP 11.02-96, izinhlobo ezinhlanu zokuhlola zingahlukaniswa. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlobo ezinhlanu, izinhlobo ezingu-10 zemisebenzi zingabhekwa ekuhloleni kobunjiniyela, okuyimvelo ensizayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ucwaningo lwemhlabathi, ukulawulwa kwe-geotechnical, ukuhlolwa kwezinhlekelele kanye nezingozi ezivela ezinkambisweni ezibangelwa abantu nezendalo. Lolu hlu aluphelelanga.

Kuyini SMR?

I-SMR nePoland, lokho okuzokwaziwa khona ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, kuhlobene nensimu yokwakhiwa. Umsebenzi wokwakha nokufaka umsebenzi uhilela imisebenzi eminingi eyenziwa endaweni yesakhiwo. Njengomphumela wokugcina wemisebenzi enjalo ukwakhiwa okulungile noma isakhiwo sisebenza. Umsebenzi wokufaka uhlanganisa inqubo equkethe izinyathelo eziningana, phakathi kwabo - ukulungiselela, umsebenzi oyisisekelo, osizayo kanye nokuthutha. Esigabeni sokuqala, ukuklama nokulinganisa imibhalo kubuyekezwa futhi kubuyekezwe. Uma ingatholakali, izinkampani ezifanele zihlanganyela ekuthuthukisweni kwayo. Lezi zincwadi zifaka phakathi kuvunyelwene, futhi emva kweprojekthi evunyelwe, izilinganiso kanye nezincazelo, kanye nenothi elichazayo. Ngokusekelwe ku-RMC, ukubalwa kwezindleko zempahla nayo yonke imisebenzi kwenziwa, imishini ihlongozwayo, imigomo yokwakhiwa ishiwo.

Isigaba sesibili sokwakha nokufaka umsebenzi

Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuqeqeshwa kwenhlangano kanye nobuchwepheshe. Esikhathini, inkontileka isayinwe, isimiso, izimali zicacisiwe, futhi isikhathi sokudiliva sokwaziswa sinqunywa. Kubalulekile ukucabangela inkathi yonyaka, okubangela ukusebenza kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwesikhathi.

Ukwakhiwa kwesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Inqubo yokwakha nokufaka imisebenzi ihlanganisa ukuphathwa kabi, okungukuthi ukubeka i-trunk, ukufakwa kwemishini, ukuhlolwa, njll, okungavimbela ukuqala komsebenzi olandelayo. Isigaba esilandelayo siphetha imisebenzi, njengezinzwa ezikhulayo, izinkomba kanye nezinye izinto. Ukufakwa kwemisebenzi kwenziwa ngokuphelele ngokuhambisana nezenzo zobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe kanye nemigomo. Abachwepheshe benza ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi esigabeni ngasinye, benze imibhalo edingekayo. Esigabeni sesine, ukuvivinya komuntu ngamunye kwenziwa, izinhlelo ezifakiwe zihlaziywa.

Incazelo yokuthumela imisebenzi

Uma unesithakazelo esihlokweni se-PPR, ukuchazwa kwalesi siqeshana kanye nencazelo yaso kunikezwe ngezansi. Ukumiswa kuyinkimbinkimbi enkulu yokusebenza, okubandakanya ukuhlola, ukubeka okulandelayo nokuhlolwa kokugcina kwemishini kagesi ukuze kuqinisekiswe imodi nemingcele ebekelwe iphrojekthi. Kulesi simo, uchwepheshe uqondiswa yimigomo nemigomo yemvelo. Kubalulekile ukugcina izigaba ezine, okuqala okuyiyona yokulungiselela, okwesibili umsebenzi wokuthunywa ngokubambisana ne-wiring, kuyilapho okwesithathu ukuhlolwa kwemishini. Isigaba sokugcina sihilela ukuhlola imishini. Uma ucabanga ukuthi yi-NDP, ukucacisa ukwakhiwa kwesifinyezo kuzokuvumela ukuba uqonde ukuthi yini eyenziwa imisebenzi lapho kudingekile ukuqala nokusetha imishini kagesi.

Izidingo ze-NDP

Esigabeni sesibili, ikhasimende lihlinzeka ngamandla endaweni yomsebenzi. Uma kunesidingo, ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokufaka kwenziwa. Ochwepheshe bashintsha imishini engafanele futhi banikeze okulahlekile. Kulesi sigaba, kubalulekile ukuqeda ukukhubazeka okwamanje, ukuzama ukuwabona ohlelweni lokukhiqiza. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa, i-protocol ihlelwa, idluliselwa kumakhasimende.

Izigaba eziyinhloko ze-NDP

Inqubo yokwenza izilinganiso ze-NDP inqunywa umhlinzeki wezinsizakalo. Ngesikhathi izidingo zokuphepha zokuthunyelwa komsebenzi kanye nokufakwa komsebenzi kagesi zihlinzekwa ngumphathi wezokugcina. Uma ukuthunyelwa kwemisebenzi kwenziwa ohlelweni oluhlangene emaqenjini ahlukene namadivayisi asebenzayo, ukuphathwa okunjalo kuhlanganiswa nabaphathi bemisebenzi yokufaka kagesi. Isibalo se-NDP ne-SMR kufanele sicatshangelwe ngumhlinzeki wesevisi.

Esikhundleni sokuphetha

Lapho isigaba sesithathu senziwa, imishini isebenza yikhasimende, okuqinisekisa ukubekwa kwabasebenzi, ukuhlakaza kanye nokuhlangana kwezifunda. Esigabeni sokugcina, i-PNR yokusebenzisana kwemishini kagesi kanye nezinhlelo zikagesi ezimodeni ezahlukene kwenziwa.

Lezi zinqubo zihlanganisa ukuxhumana, ukulungiswa nokulungiswa kwemingcele kanye nezici zamadivaysi, kanye namaqembu asebenzayo, ukuhlinzeka ngamamodi asebenzayo akhethiwe. Ukufakwa kagesi kuvivinywa kokubili okungazi lutho futhi ngaphansi komthwalo, futhi nakanjani kuzo zonke izindlela ezikhona.