Izici zobuciko nobukhulu obuningi bomhlabathi obunwetshiwe

Ubumba obunwetshiwe yizinto ezibonakalayo zokuxhuma. Amabhola amancane angenangqondo noma atshiswa ngodaka oluphansi, lo mbongi uhlukaniswa nokuhlanzeka okuphilayo nokuphepha komuntu nemvelo.

Ukukhiqizwa

Ukugxilonga kwakunempumelelo, ubuningi bomhlabathi obuningi kufanele bube buncane. Lokhu kungafinyelelwa ngokugcoba ubumba. Kwenzeka kulayini lobuchwepheshe esitshalweni:

1. Ukufakwa okukhethekile, ubumba obuncane buncibilika kakhulu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuphakama okukhulu kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.

2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-granules eluhlaza kakhulu ixutshwe ngaphandle - lokhu kufeza amandla nokuqinisa, okudingekayo ukuphikiswa kwamabhola ukuze kuthunjiswe nemithonya yemvelo enonya.

Izici zobuciko zobumba obanzi zixhomeke ngokuqondile ekunakekeleni kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza: ukuphambukela emithethweni yokukhiqiza kungaholela ekutheni kube ne-porosity ne-tightness enganele, i-fragility ye-insulation.

Izakhiwo

Njengeyiphi impahla yokwakha, ubumba obanzi lunesici esithile, okucatshangelwayo lapho kwenziwa izinto ezakhiwa. Lokhu kufaka:

• Ubuningi bomthamo nobukhulu obuthile.
• Ukumelana kwamanzi nomswakama.
• Maka amandla.
• Ukuqhuba kwe-thermal.
• Ukuphikiswa kwe-Frost.

Ubuningi bomhlabathi obunwe yiyona ipharamitha yokuqala lapho zonke ezinye izindinganiso zixhomeke kuzo. Ngalesi sisho kusho ukulingana kwamandla kuya kokuvotela kokukhiqizwa.

Ukuvuthwa kweqiniso nokuqondile

Isisindo se-granules sizokutshela okuningi mayelana nalokho okushiwo, ngokuyinhloko mayelana nokugxilwa kwe-thermal nokusebenza kwezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ubuningi bomhlabathi obunwetshiwe, kanye nanoma yiluphi ulwazi oluningi, lungaba yiqiniso futhi luqondile (inqwaba). Lezi ziminganiso zihlobene futhi zithembele endleleni yokukhiqiza impahla - eyomile, emanzi, eplastiki kanye ne-powder-plastic. Indlela ngayinye inezobuchwepheshe bayo bokuqhaqhazela okuluhlaza, okuyiyona nto ecacisayo ekunqumeni ukubaluleka kwesisindo.

Ubuningi obuningi bomhlabathi obunwe ngenye yezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zendaba. Ibonisa isilinganiso sesisindo semali ekhethiwe yezinto ezivakalayo. Njengoba ubumba obunwetshiwe buyisimo esibucayi esakhiweni esiyingozi, ukuma kwebhola akusiyo njalo, izikhala zomoya zikhona phakathi kwazo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole umthamo ofanayo wezinto ezibonakalayo, ukucacisa (isibalo sabantu abaningi) kuzohluka.

Ubuningi beqiniso lobumba obunwetshiwe (elinye igama elivamile liyikhulu) linqunywa emibhodini ye-laboratory noma yefektri futhi kubonisa isisindo sobuningi bezinto ezihlanganisiwe ngaphandle kwezaphulelo zomoya.

Izingxenyana nesisindo

I-isolation ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ngokuya ngobukhulu be-granules. Ingxenyana nobuningi bomhlabathi obunwetshiwe zihlobene nenani elingenalutho - amancane amabhola, iphakethe le-mass-to-volume ratio:

Kukhona esinye isigaba, esinikeza i-GOST 9757-90. Ngokwalo mbhalo, udaka olwandisiwe luhlukaniswe ngamabanga ngokusho kwabantu abathintekayo. Ichazwe yincwadi M elandelwe inani lokubala lomuntu ophezulu wesigaba: M250 isisindo 250 kg / m3, bese ku-M600: M300, M350, M400, M450, M500.

Ukulinganiswa kwezici

Ubuningi bomdaka lobumba obunwetshiwe buhlanganiswe nezinye izinkomba ezibalulekile - ngomswakama kanye nokuqhuba okushisayo. Lesi sici sihlale sicatshangelwa lapho sikhetha izinto zokugcizelela phansi, ukufakwa kanye nezindonga.

Ukwazi inani elijwayelekile lobuningi be-fraction kanye ne- claydite fraction, singanquma okuqukethwe kwalo umswakama. Uma liphakeme kunalokho elivumelekile, khona-ke ama-granules anesibindi kufanele asomiswe ngaphambi kokugxila kwisakhiwo. I-GOST 9757-90 "I-Gravel, i-rubble nesihlabathi esiyingozi" ayilawuli okungaphezulu kuka-2% kokuswakama okungaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, uma ulinganisa i-claydite, cabanga ngobuningi bamanzi kuwo, bese ususwa.

Isilinganiso sobukhulu obunomsebenzi wokushisa obushushu buhamba ngokungahambisani, kodwa kusenzeka. Njengombana kuyaziwa ngeklasi ye-physics yekharikhyulamu yesikolo, ukwehla kwezinga le-mass-to-volume, okubi nakakhulu okukhambisana nokushisa. Lo mthetho usebenza ngobumba obunwebukhulu obungenawo. Njengoba siseduze, kancane kancane kugcina ukushisa. Uma usebenzisa ukwaziswa okunjalo, kubalulekile ukubala ngokucophelela usayizi wesitokisi esidingekayo ukuze isakhiwo singabi mahhala futhi singenzi umoya obandayo.

Ezinye izimpawu zobuchwepheshe

Ubukhulu obuthile abuthinti ezinye izici zokusebenza, kodwa kufanelekile ukukhuluma ngazo.

Amandla okugcoba obunwetshiwe atholakala esigabeni sokukhiqiza esigabeni sesibili - hlaziya. Ubukhulu bayo bunqunywe yizivivinyo ze-laboratory ngokucindezela ama-pellets ku-cylinder. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ndlela ine-drawback enkulu: umphumela wokulinganisa amandla kuncike ekubunjweni kokusanhlamvu nokusabalaliswa kwamasongo ngaphakathi kwawo. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa, ngilinga ukufika ku-10 amabhola kusuka kokukodwa kokukhiqizwa kokuqukethwe. Amandla we-claydite ahlukahluka ku-perdelah 0,3 ... 6,0 MN / m ² , okuyinto inkomba enhle, ngakho-ke izinto ezifana ne-filler zengezwe kukhonkolo.

I-conductivity ye-thermal yezinto ezibucayi ezibukwayo yi-0.08 ... 0.12 W / m * K, okuyizikhathi ezingu-8-10 eziphakeme kunalezo zokushisa zendabuko. Noma kunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kunokwenzeka ekunqumeni nasekubekekeni okwanele kwendwangu yokuqhafaza.

Ukuphikiswa kwamaqabunga obumba obanzi akumele kube ngaphansi kwemijikelezo egcwele engu-15. Izakhiwo zangaphandle (izindonga, phansi phansi), kuhle ukukhetha kuze kube ngu-50 imijikelezo.

Ukunwa kwamanzi ekwakhekeni kahle okwenziwe kahle kufinyelela ku-zero ngenxa yokuqina komzimba we-pellet ngenxa yokugaya okuphindaphindiwe. Uma amanzi engena emagcekeni, izinto zizophela ukwenza imisebenzi yazo bese ziqala ukudiliza. Ngakho-ke, i-GOST 9757-90 ibeka umbandela ovunyelwe kakhulu we-10-25% ngesisindo, kuye ngokuthi ububanzi besendlalelo bungakanani.

Ukuze uhambisane nazo zonke izinkomba zezobuchwepheshe, zibukwa esiteji sokukhiqiza. Ngemuva kokuhamba, ukuguqulwa kufanele kugcinwe ngaphansi kwezimo eziphansi zomswakama ngaphandle kwemiphumela eyengeziwe eyonakalisa imvelo. Okuthandayo kumele kunikezwe kumadiphozi avaliwe nama-hangars.

I-Claydite ayesabi isikhutha, ama-rodents nezinye izinambuzane eziphilayo, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezakhiweni ezivaliwe kuphephile ngokuphelele.