Umqondo futhi ezingeni lemfundo kuleli Russian Federation

WezeMfundo Russian Federation kuyinqubo okuhloswe ngalo ukuqhakambisa imfundo nokuqeqeshwa isizukulwane esilandelayo. Kuyo yonke le minyaka 2003-2010. kazwelonke ohlelweni lwezemfundo usebhekene izinguquko ezinkulu ngokuhambisana Iinjamiso ezitholakala Bologna Declaration. Ngaphezu amakhono, kanye iziqu esikoleni, thina kwangena amazinga anjalo wehlelo lefundo zombelele we Russian Federation, njengoba impohlo okuyinhloko.

Ngo-2012, i-Russia yokutholwa umthetho "Ngo Ezemfundo we Russian Federation." amazinga imfundo, efana kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, ukuvumela ukuhamba khulula kubafundi nothisha phakathi amanyuvesi. Enye plus ocacile - lena ithuba yokuqatjhwa kunoma yimaphi amazwe ukuthi wasayina Bologna Declaration.

Imfundo: umqondo, injongo, imisebenzi

Ezemfundo yinqubo futhi ngenxa ukudluliselwa esithile solwazi nokuhlangenwe nakho okuye zanqwabelana yibo bonke dlule zukulwane. Injongo eyinhloko ukuqeqeshwa iwukuba ukwamukelwa amalungu amasha umphakathi ukuba izinkolelo ezimisiwe kanye namagugu kwezifiso.

Imisebenzi esemqoka yokuqeqeshwa yilezi:

• Ezemfundo amalungu uyakufanelekela umphakathi.
• Komphakathi kanye elilandelayo-isizukulwane isingeniso amagugu owandile umphakathi unikezwa.
• Kwenzelwa ukuba ziqeqeshwe afanelekayo Ochwepheshe abasha.
• Ekudluliseni ulwazi olufanele umsebenzi, ngosizo ubuchwepheshe besimanje.

imfundo nenqubo

Kwakheka ngumuntu uye zanqwabelana ethile ulwazi, uyakwazi kuchazeke kahle izimbangela nemiphumela umcimbi futhi kungaba ngesikhathi esifanayo ukucabanga ngokunengqondo. Umbandela eyinhloko yemfundo kungenziwa ngokuthi ulwazi ngendlela ehlelekile nokuya ukucabanga ukuthi ivele e ikhono lomuntu ukuze ngokunengqondo ukubuyisela izikhala ulwazi.

Ukubaluleka kokuqeqeshwa ekuphileni kwebantfu

Kuyinto ngokuqeqeshwa Kwenziwa isiko umphakathi kusuka kwesinye isizukulwane idluliselwe kwesinye. Imfundo ithinta yonke imikhakha yempilo emphakathini. Isibonelo kuzichaya kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa uhlelo ukuqeqeshwa. amazinga okusha lemfundo oqokiwe Russian Federation sisonke ngeke ngcono ikhwalithi izinsiza ezikhona wobuntu isimo, okuyinto, kuyobe nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni kumnotho wasekhaya. Ngokwesibonelo, ukulungiselela mkhakha zomthetho uzokhuthaza nokuqinisa isiko lomthetho sabantu, njengoba zonke izakhamuzi kufanele wazi amalungelo abo angokomthetho kanye nezibopho.

Ikhwalithi kanye nohlelo lokuqeqesha, ehlanganisa zonke izici zokuphila komuntu, ikuvumela ukukhulisa ubuntu obunobunye. Kuyaphawuleka ehlaselwe ukuqeqeshwa ngomuntu ngamunye. Kusukela ngo isimo samanje abantu abafundile kuphela akwazi ukugibela isitebhisi nomphakathi futhi sifinyelele izinga eliphezulu emphakathini. Lokho iSilekeleli Sokwazisa is ngqo exhumene ne ukufinyelela emfundweni izinga ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu.

Uhlelo lwemfundo

Isimiso semfundo kuhlanganisa eziningi nezinhlangano eRussia. Lezi zihlanganisa ukusungulwa:

• Early Ezemfundo Childhood (izikhungo zokuthuthukisa, izinkulisa).
• imfundo Jikelele (ezikoleni, ezindaweni zokuzivocavoca, lyceums).
• zemfundo ephakeme (amanyuvesi, zocwaningo, izinhlangano zezifundiswa, nezikhungo).
• yesibili (zobuciko, amakolishi) ezikhethekile.
• Non-uhulumeni.
• imfundo engeziwe.

izimiso imfundo

• I kuqala yamanani womuntu.
• Isisekelo kuyinto izimiso kwamasiko kanye kazwelonke.
• Scientific.
• Umumo izici kanye izinga lemfundo kuleli zwe.
• uhlamvu neyobuntu.
• Kugcila nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
• Lokuqhubeka nemfundo, engaguquki okuqhubekayo.
• Imfundo kufanele kube uhlelo olulodwa ngendlela akhuliswa esithobayo ngokwenyama nangokomoya.
• Ukukhuthaza inkulumo ethi ithalente nobuntu.
• Okuphoqelekile ukutholakala entry (kwegciwane) kumiswa.

izinhlobo zemfundo

Ngokusho ezingeni kufinyelelwa ukucabanga ezimele ukwaba ezifana izinhlobo ukuqeqeshwa :

• Preschool - ekhaya zasenkulisa (yobudala kuze iminyaka 7).
• Kokuqala - kwenziwe ezikoleni futhi izikole zemfundo ephakeme, eziqala eminyakeni 6 noma 7, Uthatha ngowokuqala emabangeni lesine. Ingane afundiswe amakhono eziyisisekelo ukufunda, ukubhala kanye nekubala, ukunakwa okukhulu ikhokhelwa nentuthuko yomuntu siqu nasekutholeni ulwazi oludingekayo mayelana nezwe.
• Isilinganiso - kufaka isizinda (amakilasi 4-9), kanti isilinganiso jikelele (10-11). It Kwenziwa ezikoleni, zokuvivinya umzimba noma bajoyina lyceums. Iphela uthole isitifiketi beqeda imfundo yesibili. Abafundi kulesigaba yokuzuza ulwazi kanye namakhono yakha isakhamuzi agcwele.
• Ephakeme - omunye izigaba education amakhono. Inhloso esemqoka ukuqeqesha izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe imisebenzi edingekayo. It wenziwa eyunivesithi, sokuqeqesha noma isikhungo.

Ngu uhlobo nento ayegxila kuyo imfundo kuyinto:

• Ubude. Kuyasiza ukuba bathole ulwazi eyisisekelo sciences, ikakhulukazi mayelana nemvelo, indoda, umphakathi. Inikeza umuntu ngolwazi eziyisisekelo mayelana nezwe, ngokusiza ukufunda amakhono abawadingayo.
• Professional. Kulesigaba lwazi aluthola kanye namakhono adingekayo ukuze enze umsebenzi futhi inkonzo lokufundiswa imisebenzi.
• Polytechnic. Ukufunda izimiso eziyisisekelo ukukhiqizwa yesimanje. Ukuthola amakhono usebenzisa amathuluzi elula.

imikhakha yemfundo

At inhliziyo inhlangano ukuqeqeshwa uyinto ezifana "ezingeni lemfundo kuleli Russian Federation." Iveza division of izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ngokuvumelana izibalo cwaningo labantu sisonke isakhamuzi ngamunye ngamunye. Izinga lemfundo kuleli Russian Federation - umjikelezo igcwaliswe ezemfundo, okuyinto libhekene nezimfuneko ezithile. UMthetho Federal "Ngo wezeMfundo Russian Federation" sihlinzekela kumazinga alandelayo jikelele sokufundiswa Russian Federation:

• Preschool.
• Kokuqala.
• Main.
• Esimaphakathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amazinga ezilandelayo of Higher Education:

• Undergraduate. Ukutlolisa ivuliwe nsuku ikwazi ukuncintisana emva edlulisa ukuhlolwa. degree umfundi esiphezulu uthola emva usezuze futhi waqinisekisa ulwazi oluyisisekelo emsebenzini eziwukhethile. Ukuqeqeshwa ihlala iminyaka 4. Lapho beqeda alolu iziqu, futhi kungase kudlule izivivinyo akhethekile ukuqhubeka nezifundo zabo noma uchwepheshe yenkosi yakhe.
• Okukhethekile. Lesi sigaba kuhlanganisa imfundo eyisisekelo, kanye nokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile abakhethiwe. Ngo esigcwele ukuqeqeshwa nkathi iminyaka 5, futhi ukubhalelana - 6. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu Uchwepheshe Ungaqhubeka ufundela i-master noma khona iziqu esikoleni. Ngokwesiko, izinga lemfundo kuleli Russian Federation kubhekwa ophambili akuyona okuningi ezahlukene kusukela magistracy. Nokho, umsebenzi phesheya, uyokwenza eziningi izinkinga.
• Master. Lesi sigaba kuveza ochwepheshe nge lunye ezijulile. degree yenkosi ungenza ekupheleni undergraduate kanye amakhono.
• Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe. Kwakusho izifundo zabo lapho sebephothulile. Kuyinto ukulungiselela kudingekile idigri ye Akhethwe of Sciences. Imfundo e esigcwele ihlala iminyaka engu-3, ngo-extramural - 4 degree Academic ukhishwa ku kokuqeqeshwa, mqondo ukuzivikela futhi iziqu izivivinyo.

ngaphansi komthetho omusha amazinga imfundvo elaseRussia kunikela okwenza yasekhaya abafundi ama-diploma Izijobelelo okuyinto efakwe ohlwini zemfundo ephakeme nezinye izifundazwe, futhi ngaleyo ndlela inikeza ithuba ukuqhubeka nemfundo yabo kwamanye amazwe.

uhlobo imfundo

Ezemfundo eRussia ungase owawuzoba amafomu amabili:

• Ngo izikhungo ekhethekile imfundo. Kungaba kwenziwe esigcwele, itoho, itoho, eksternatnoy, amafomu akude.
• Beyond zemfundo. Litjho self-imfundo imfundo umndeni. Uhlinzeka ukudlula Lesisemkhatsini yokugcina isitifiketi isimo.

imfundo subsystems

Inqubo yokufunda ihlanganisa subsystems ezimbili ezihlobene: ukuqeqeshwa nokufundiswa. Asiza okufinyelela imigomo eyinhloko inqubo yemfundo - komphakathi wesintu.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi le mikhakha yomibili ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kuhloswe ngokuyinhloko at ukuthuthukiswa side bokusungula womuntu, nemfundo, kunalokho, - nenani mihlahlandlela. Phakathi kwalezi zimo izinqubo ezimbili kukhona eduze kuhlobene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ephelelisanayo.

Ikhwalithi imfundo ephakeme

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi hhayi ngakho kudala Russian ohlelweni lwezemfundo kabusha kwenziwa, akukho okuningi ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yefundo kazwelonke. Esinye sezizathu esiyinhloko ukungabikho kwenqubekela phambili ekuthuthukiseni izinga kwetinsita tekufundza yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Ephelelwe yisikhathi management system e izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme.
• Idlanzana othisha benezinto izinga eliphakeme amakhono.
• Isilinganiso okuphansi kwezikhungo yasekhaya zemfundo emphakathini wonke, okuyinto kubangelwe amazwe ababuthakathaka.

Izinkinga ezihlobene nokuphathwa kohlelo lwezemfundo

• Iholo elincane lothisha.
• Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana ozimele kokuba ngezinga eliphezulu amakhono.
• ezingeni enganele imishini impahla kanye lobuchwepheshe izikhungo kanye nezinhlangano.
• ezingeni okuphansi professional sokufundiswa Russian Federation.
• Izinga eliphansi sokuthuthukisa amasiko sabantu iyonke.

Ukuzibophelela okuphambili ukubhekana nalezi zinselele eziphoqelelwe hhayi kuphela isimo sisonke, kodwa futhi ezingeni indlela okwakheke ngayo kamasipala Russian Federation.

Amathrendi ekuthuthukiseni izinsiza zokufundisa

• Amazwe imfundo ephakeme, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kothisha nabafundi ukwabelana imikhuba engcono ngamazwe.
• Ukuqinisa ukuqeqeshwa Domestic ohlangothini esisebenzayo sihilela ukwethulwa izifundo ezisebenzayo, kwandziswa kwelinani letikhungo othisha kanye nodokotela.
• isingeniso Active inqubo kumiswa multimedia ubuchwepheshe kanye nezinye nemishini.
• Popularization yokufunda ibanga.

Ngakho, imfundo oluyisisekelo isimo kwamasiko, bokusungula nesimilo emphakathini wanamuhla. Lena isici belinganisa yentuthuko kwezenhlalo nezomnotho isimo Russian. Kuhlelwa kabusha kweluhlelo imfundo kuze kube akazange kwaholela imiphumela global. Nokho, the best shift elincane lalapho. amazinga RF wezemfundo ngaphansi komthetho omusha nomthelela ukuvela ukunyakaza khulula othisha kanye nabafundi phakathi amanyuvesi, okusikisela ukuthi inqubo yokufunda Russian salibangisa amazwe.