Yini ngezinga yesayensi "PhD"

"PhD" - ngezinga zezemfundo. It ikhona eRussia kanye CIS amazwe kusukela ezinsukwini zeSoviet Union - kusukela 1934. Lokhu kuyisinyathelo Lesisemkhatsini uhambo yesayensi ovela master kudokotela sciences kanye yaklonyeliswa isicelo ukuthi:

• It has imfundvo lephakeme;
• Ngadlula zonke izivivinyo ikhandidethi;
• Wenza uchungechunge ucwaningo kwi ndaba yakho;
• Wethula futhi wabonisa izinto ezintsha kanye nokufuna SIZUZISA imibono yesayensi;
• Wadlulela inqubo sivikele mqondo ngokuvumelana izidingo zomthetho.

Russian zezemfundo degree "PhD" kuyinto analogue of the PhD entshonalanga (funda njengoba pi eych di). PhD - Doctor of Philosophy. Kodwa eqinisweni akuyona ezifanayo ngezinga Doctor of Science e-Russia. Lokhu kuhilela izinga eliphakeme imiphumela yomsebenzi ngokwesayensi.

Degree "PhD" is umahluko kuncike okukhethekile ukuze umfakisicelo kungaba ukuvikela umsebenzi wakhe. 23 amagatsha ukunikeza amagama anjalo zinikezwa ngesiRashiya. Ngokwesibonelo: Akhethwe Physical futhi Mathematical Sciences, wabaholi wesayensi philological. Kodwa eziningi amakhono. Ungaba ngomunye wabaholi zomthetho, wezilwane, begazi, ezempi, Geological futhi mineralogical, njengomumo womhlaba, zomlando, ezemfundo, zezombangazwe, yezokwelapha, ezingokwengqondo, lwezenhlalo, yezobuchwepheshe, zemithi, zefilosofi, ezolimo, amakhemikhali, nesayensi kwezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona isihloko ikhandidethi bokwakha, ubuciko umlando, izifundo zamasiko.

Degree "PhD" akufanele kudidaniswe incazelo ngaphezulu entshonalanga - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).

Eqhubekela phambili indlela yesayensi, umfakisicelo kumele baqonde inhloso uzimisele ukuya ezigabeni eziningi kunzima ukuthola degree of "wabaholi wesayensi." Kuyaqondakala ukuthi lesi sihloko akuqinisekisi nengcebo enkulu esikhathini esizayo. Okungenani, ukubuya ngeke okusheshayo. Ekuqaleni, lokhu kwanda komyalelo wokungabi 10-15% yomholo. Kuyafaneleka futhi okuphawulekayo ngempela kwezinye imisebenzi yocwaningo, umsebenzi kule nyuvesi, emncintiswaneni sokuba nesikhundla academic likaprofesa noma osolwazi ukusebenza eMnyangweni.

mqondo lokubhala - uyinto eyinkimbinkimbi, kukhathaza, multi-step inqubo. Okokuqala, udinga ukudala entsha, yasekuqaleni umkhiqizo bokusungula - umphumela kocwaningo. Okulandelayo wukuthi sihlele inqubo yokuvikela. Kujwayele abathintekayo eziningi abantu: Imenenja ucwaningo, abaphikisi, ochwepheshe, ababuyekezi, abahleli, consultant, njll Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uma ungazinqumela ukwenza isayensi, udinga uzilungiselele ngandlela-thile ukuze izimali impahla. Singabantu noma kunjalo akuyona mayelana ukuthenga futhi okungezona banetiseke zezenzakalo eziyingqopha-mlando esithile.

Nokho, ngokuvamile, bayonamathela emikhulu izifundo oluyoletha izinzuzo zangempela futhi anencazelo esisebenzayo, kudinga izinsiza ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, ucwaningo, ukuhlola, izifundo zesayensi yokuhlalisana kwabantu , by indlela yayo kakhulu kuyabiza.

Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi izinkinga yenhlangano ezihlobene umcimbi ukuvikelwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi esikhathini sokugcina, ingase futhi zidinga ezinye kokutshala imali. Kodwa lapha konke ikakhulukazi kumuntu nomuntu, kuncike emasikweni owawukhona inyuvesi, iBhodi, izimo.