Inkhohlakalo eRussia. I weNational Anti-Corruption Uhlelo

Inkohlakalo elikhona iminotho eziningi zomhlaba, kuhlanganise izwe athuthukile kakhulu futhi ihlelwe. Ngo uthi lapho isimiso sezomnotho kungokoqobo omhlobo izenzakalo yalolu hlobo ngokuvamile nje lubonakale, bona kungithinte amathemba kwezombusazwe. ERussia, amafomu inkohlakalo obonwa ochwepheshe abaningi futhi izishoshovu zomphakathi inkinga ukuxazulula ukuthi, ngokusekelwe ekutheni izimpikiswano ezihlobene, mhlawumbe kufanele isimo. Yiziphi amathuluzi ezisebenzayo we iziphathimandla zaseRussia ekulweni lesi simanga? Yiziphi yemithetho kuthiwa ngesisekelo imisebenzi ejensi ezihlobene nale ndawo yomsebenzi yokuphathwa komphakathi?

Ukuphuthuma inkhohlakalo

Enqabela inkohlakalo kufanele igcwaliseke, yebo, kunoma yiliphi izwe emhlabeni. Nokho, kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ekulweni lesi simanga kungenxa uthi abasafufusa izinhlelo kwezenhlalo nezomnotho zisesimweni zokuthutha, ukuthola indlela yayo yentuthuko, lapho, in Kungenzeka kungokwalabo Russia.

Ekubhekaneni inkohlakalo ezweni lethu - omunye izimfanelo ukuze eminye sesimanje yezombangazwe uhlelo, ekuthuthukiseni imodeli kwezomnotho ukuze ukuthambekela crisis kwakungafanele lubonakale, njengoba ebonwe ezindaweni eziningana namuhla. Umbandela ezibaluleke kakhulu - isidingo sokuhlelwa kwemigomo efanele ezingeni we namagunya aphakeme, okungukuthi, e-isici ukukhiqizwa nasekubulaleni ngobuciko kwemithetho elawula elwisana nenkohlakalo izinyathelo. Lolu hlobo yemithetho eRussia. Sifunda essence yabo.

Imithetho enqabela inkohlakalo

Phakathi yemithetho elawula Inqubomgomo elwisana nenkohlakalo, kuyafaneleka:

• FZ "Ngo Ukulwisana Inkohlakalo";
• I Lukazwelonke, lisayindwe nguMengameli we Russian Federation;

Ukuze uqale ucwaningo izici emthonjeni yesibili, kusukela yanyatheliswa kwandulelwe isinqumo sokuqala. Inkhohlakalo eRussia (ngokuvumelana idokhumenti) - ke kuyimfuneko ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo izenzakalo ezimbi ukuvimbela emnothweni Russian nomphakathi ukuthuthukisa ngempumelelo. Sifunda isakhiwo Kweluhlelo kaZwelonke.

Loluhlelo kaZwelonke

Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we okukhulunywa sinetigaba eziningana. Esikhathini sokuqala zilandelana isidingo izinyathelo zomthetho okuhloswe ngazo ekulweni nenkohlakalo. Kuyaphawuleka ukwamukelwa of uMthetho Federal, esiye elishiwo ngenhla, kwamenyezelwa ku Hlela kaZwelonke. Esigabeni sokuqala idokhumenti wanikwa incazelo yalokho elwisana nenkohlakalo, onjani izinyathelo lufanele lwenteke ngaphakathi kohlaka imisebenzi efanele nokuthi ubani. Futhi kule ngxenye idokhumenti ziye ezibekwe imisebenzi edingekayo isimo. Ake sihlole lesi sici kabanzi - ke kubhekwa ngochwepheshe abaningi ukuba ngomunye ukhiye e bohlu isiyonke elwisana nenkohlakalo imizamo iziphathimandla.

Inqubomgomo isimo elwisana nenkohlakalo

Enqabela inkohlakalo, ngakho, ngokwezinga elikhulu zivela uhulumeni waseRussia ukuxazulula ngaphakathi the bombo of izikhungo ephakeme kwamandla. I Lukazwelonke, okuyinto thina manje sezibhekwa njengezindawo ukuba ziye wethule izifushaniso elandelayo lomqondo, khomba izindawo umsebenzi kule ndawo. Sibala kwamasonto ayinhloko:

• ekuthuthukiseni isakhiwo uhulumeni, nokwenza olinikeziwe ukuze ehhovisi ngalinye;
• isidingo sokuthuthukisa elwisana nenkohlakalo izinyathelo ezingeni kube khona isimo lapho ukwenza kwabo imisebenzi umsebenzi kanye nabasebenzi iziphathimandla nomasipala;
• ukuvunyelwa okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi amazinga abo ekulwa nebugebengu, kuncike angomunye umsebenzi womphakathi;
• kufinyelela kubulungiswa isiqinisekiso ngcono izindlela lokuxazulula izingxabano ngaphandle kokuya enkantolo.

Futhi, ezinye izazi zikholelwa esicini esibaluleke kunazo zonke izinqubomgomo isimo elwisana nenkohlakalo (njengoba kuboniswe esigabeni ezifanele Lwavelonkhe) Ukuthuthukiswa komthetho abalulekile, njengokuzinikela, isibonelo, Criminal Code, ngokugcizelela kokuqina unswinyo ezihlobene emacaleni enkohlakalo.

Befuna ukuphelela uhlelo

I element esilandelayo isakhiwo Kweluhlelo kaZwelonke - lena inombolo kwesigaba ezimbili. Kuye kushiwo umnyombo walokho okushiwo kumele kwenziwe izinyathelo ukulwa, amelane nenkohlakalo, sibonakalisa kakhulu lo mshini ukuze sithuthukise ukubusa izakhiwo. Hlobo luni umsebenzi Kuye kwaphawulwa kulesi sigaba Kweluhlelo kaZwelonke? Ikakhulu kuba ukugxila ezindaweni ukusetshenziswa komhiaba nomasipala, ukukhuthaza iphaliswano emnothweni, ekuthuthukiseni izindlela wokutholakala kahulumeni nasezingosini zikahulumeni izivumelwano, ukuthuthukiswa inter-imodeli ukwambulwa inkohlakalo imihlola.

Ummeli kufanele sifanelekele

Iqembu esilandelayo izinyathelo, okubandakanya weNational Anti-Corruption Hlela, kubekwe esigabeni wesithathu idokhumenti bese sihlotshaniswa ukwanda nokuqeqeshwa professional emkhakheni komthetho, kanye ekufezeni umsebenzi yokuthuthukisa isiko zezomthetho izakhamuzi zaseRussia. Ngakho, kukhona ezimbili imikhakha yomsebenzi ezichaziwe. Esikhathini sokuqala (mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono) kwathiwa bazitshela ukuthi ngeke kube kukhulu lilawulwa umbuso wokuqala phezu ngemisebenzi eyenziwa izikhungo nihlelele abameli. Le ndawo yesibili yomsebenzi Kwakuhlelwe, ukuthi labantu Russian Federation uzokwazi phezulu ulwazi lwazo ngabalingiswa izindaba zomthetho ngokusebenzisa ezikhethekile imithombo yabezindaba.

umthetho kahulumeni

Ngo-2008, uMthetho Federal ku inkhohlakalo (kohlaka ukusebenza nokusebenzisa omunye imisebenzi ebekwe oHlelweni kaZwelonke). Empeleni, eziningi iziphakamiso ukuthi echazwe ngenhla, Uthole isimo efanele yezomthetho ezingeni olusemthethweni. Ngakho ngeke lokuhlola ngokweqile ithiyori, badlulele ezicashile esisebenzayo ezihlobene komthetho, okubonisa umphumela zoMthetho Federal enixoxa ngalo.

Ubumbaxambili ukutolika

Ingabe mqondo owawuthi uMthetho Federal, okukhulunywe, unamalungiselelo kulemibandela, ukuthi isicelo sabo okungokoqobo eziningi kungaba ngokukhetha (futhi ngezinye izikhathi bahlathulula Imibandela ethintene nalokhu kuyadida). Yileyo zomthetho elwisana nenkohlakalo nezinhloso, ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, ngezindlela eziningi ukufeza imiphumela resonance, kubonakala amacala ephezulu iphrofayli bese ubonisa uvivinyo, kodwa izinkinga letindzala kukhona Okuqukethwe akuzwakali kahle.

Kukhona enye isethi izinkinga. Kwezinye izimo, ukubamba iqhaza zezomthetho umkhuba tesifundvo Federal Mthetho iziphathimandla, ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo ayo, ngokombono esisemthethweni buka, kuyiqiniso, kodwa eqinisweni akuyona ngempela ezifanele.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma kwenzeka lapho izindiza Russian eziningana ezinkulu ukuqasha ezikade zisebenzela uhulumeni, ukhohlwe ukwazisa nomqashi wangaphambili zahlawuliswa ngenxa yalokho, ngaleyondlela kwephule kwemibandela yomthetho. Enqabela inkohlakalo, njengoba abanye abahlaziyi akufanele senze okuhlukile-aspect sokuhlela kwephula umthetho futhi usabela kanjani kuzo. Nanobe kunjalo kugcizelela ku ukuziphatha imisebenzi ezifanele abagunyaziwe kufanele ahlele kakhulu ngokuphumelelayo. Lokho, isibonelo, uma yonke etholakalayo izidingongqangi zabantu yenhlangano iminyango phambili ukuhlonza Udwebe ngokungalungile i izinkontileka zabasebenzi,, ukwephula ngempela okuphawulekayo nje akekho ukuzibandakanya.

Izibalo kufanele kube lesifanele

Esinye isici - izibalo. Uma senziwa ngesisekelo eyandulele, njengalezo ukuthi aye alotshwa esimweni izindiza - Yebo, izibalo okuhambisanayo nganoma iyiphi indlela asikwazi esichazwa njengesono sibonakalisa impumelelo iziphathimandla ngokuziphatha Inqubomgomo abo ekulwa nebugebengu. Kuyadingeka ukuthi idatha kwezibalo sibonakalisa imiphumela imisebenzi efanele obungumbambeli. Futhi kuncike, abahlaziyi bathi, hhayi kuphela indlela okubekwe ngayo umthetho, futhi ikhono iziphathimandla abanekhono kahle setha nangezindlela emsebenzini. Nakuba, kukhona iphuzu okuphambene umbono kulolu daba. Kusekelwe phezu kuqala ukufunda indlela, kunokuba nokuchazwa imithetho. Okungukuthi, izinhlawulo ukuthi zabekwa phezu izindiza, evumelekile ngokugcwele (okusekelwe kwezinkambiso oqondile licaciswe ku yemithetho). Yonke imibuzo, ngakho-ke, kumelwe ukuba ujabula sivumele isishaya-mthetho.

ukuzibophezela ibhizinisi

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi ebekwe federal ezingeni umthetho isinyathelo icebo countering inkohlakalo kudinga ukuba uhlanganyele esikweni ngcono indlela esiwusizo ngayo imvelo ukuhlangana kwezenhlalo nezomnotho-aspect yokulwa lesi simanga negative akuyona kuphela isimo, kodwa futhi nezinye izikhungo ezingenziwanga kuhlobane ngokuqondile ohlelweni amandla. Okokuqala, kungcono ibhizinisi. Izinkampani, ngokusho inombolo amalungiselelo e-yemithetho, kudingeka ukusungula nokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezihlobene abo ekulwa nebugebengu. Yini, isibonelo? Njengoba inketho - inkampani ingaqala isimo sangaphakathi elwisana nenkohlakalo, ukusungula ezimisweni zokuziphatha ibonisa izikhulu ukuxhumana neziphathimandla zikahulumeni.

Nokho, njengoba kwaphawula u-abameli eziningana, akanacala ngokwehluleka yamalungiselelo okukhulunywa, it is hhayi ngokucacile kuchaziwe yemithetho. Lokhu, ngenhlanhla, ungesinye isibonelo somuntu bikho, ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, kwenaba komthetho. Ngempela, uma inkampani, isibonelo, akazange ahlele emnyangweni isakhiwo elwisana nenkohlakalo noma, isibonelo, wenqaba ukuthuthukisa ezimisweni zokuziphatha - ayikho inhlangano, esekelwe kwezinkambiso yomthetho, alinalo ilungelo afune inkampani ukwenza izenzo ezidingekayo. Kodwa, ngandlela-thile, ezokhipha inkampani yabo ukweleta. Angakwazi wenze lokhu, isibonelo, ukusebenzisa izincomo athuthukile ku elwisana nenkohlakalo ukuthi kukhona uhlu ezimisweni eziyisisekelo, okuyinto kunengqondo unamathele ibhizinisi, uzimisele ukulwa mkhuba ongathandeki mbuzo. Kodwa, njengoba sishilo ngenhla, iNkampani inelungelo ukuthuthukisa imithetho yabo endawo injongo abafanele - ukudala, isibonelo, isikhundla noma ukuhleleka inkhohlakalo.

Yini ongasinikela?

Thina manje ukuphenya ngokoqobo ukulungiselwa okuthile zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Ukulwisana Inkohlakalo". iziqondiso abathandwayo eziqukethwe Article 17 soMthetho. Lithi esemthethweni alinalo ilungelo lelo holo ukuze kwenziwe imisebenzi yayo, waveza ngesimo imali, izipho noma ezinye izinketho. Uma isakhamuzi noma usomabhizinisi namanje isisebenzi isimo ethulwa linakho ukubaluleka okuthile - ke ubophekile ukuba ulithumele lapho likhipha i-abafanele Mthetho, impahla kahulumeni. Kodwa kukhona okuhlukile: uma ukubaluleka isipho - ruble esingaphansi 3 ayizinkulungwane ..

Kwenzekani uma uthatha ukubaluleka esemthethweni, izindleko okuyinto nakanjani (nge awokuthi) idlula isamba? Kulokhu, kungashiwo kwachazwa ngokuthi ukuthola olusemthethweni isifumbathiso (nokudluliselwa yayo, ngokulandelana, ngumuntu oyedwa noma inhlangano). Umphumela - cishe kunazo ngokumelene mthetho okuzokhishwa ephoqelela nokuhlawuliswa.

inqubomgomo enqabela inkohlakalo: isipiliyoni angaphandle

Kushiwo ngamuphi umqondo ukuthi inqubomgomo elwisana nenkohlakalo kwamanye amazwe? Abanye ochwepheshe batusa ukuba banake Hong Kong. Ukusebenza kuleli zwe, iKomitjhini Anti-Corruption, ngokuvumelana abahlaziyi abaningi, ingenye ejensi emhlabeni eliphumelela kakhulu iphrofayela yakhe. Le nhlangano itfutfukise imiyalezo kanye nezincomo eziphathelene ngokuziphatha izinyathelo ngempumelelo bebheke siqinise impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo imihlola. Ziyakwazi osebenzayo, izazi zikholelwa hhayi kuphela ezweni elilodwa emhlabeni futhi cishe kunoma isiphi isimo yesimanje. Yini ezihlinzekwa nompetha elwisana nenkohlakalo e-Hong Kong? Lokhu okulandelayo:

• iziphathimandla obhekene Inqubomgomo elwisana nenkohlakalo kufanele kube ezimele kusukela ngqongqotshe, ngaphandle olusemthethweni eliphezulu kakhulu isimo; esimweni Russia, kuba umongameli - ke, imiNyango efanele kuphela kufanele kube nokuziphendulela;
• bebheke Inqubomgomo izisebenzi emsebenzini womphakathi kufanele ahloniphe isimiso sokukhetha ukhetho ezifanele kakhulu, futhi kubuyise ithalenta umhlabeleli;
• iziphathimandla obhekene siqinise impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo kufanele abe nemandla ngenjongo ukudalulwa amacala kunokwenzeka;
• izwe okufanele isebenze ngayo isimiso esiqinile kokuqondisa umphakathi umsebenzi ejensi obhekene endaweni efanele umsebenzi;
• imisebenzi emizimbeni elwisana nenkohlakalo kufanele kube sokuboshwa amakhono isabelomali wezwe.

Ngokwazi uhlelo engqungqutheleni elwisana nenkohlakalo waseRussia iyafana izincomo ezifanele Hong Kong? mkhuba ocacile, khomba nendlela evamile ababebhekwa emphakathini uchwepheshe, thola kunzima. Kodwa uma uhlole amalungiselelo ezithile zoMthetho, kanye noHlelo Lukazwelonke, uhlobo ukufana ebekwe imithombo Russian komthetho futhi ulimi ukuthi umBhalo ocashunwe ngenhla, sisengakwazi ukulungisa. Ngokwesibonelo, iziphakamiso ku uzimele, futhi sisondelene kakhulu inguqulo yasekhaya futhi yafunda eHong Kong.

isici yomphakathi

Kusukela okungase kuxhomeke ekuphumeleleni nokusebenzisa umgomo wombuso elwisana nenkohlakalo? Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi le buvezwa ikhono neziphathimandla ukwakha inkhulumomphendvulwano nomphakathi wonkana noma ezindaweni zayo ngazinye. Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi ukuvela komthetho omusha okuhloswe ngaso inkhohlakalo, kuhambisana ubushiqela ngokweqile eminyangweni kahulumeni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi - ezindaweni lapho lolu hlobo simo, hhayi efiselekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, emkhakheni wezemfundo. Inkhohlakalo sesikoleni noma enkulisa, lesi simanga, njengoba izazi zikholelwa akuzona njalo ezifanele ukubeka ngendlela efanayo inqubomgomo izinyathelo zokuvimbela namagunya, njengalezo elihlobene ne imisebenzi kwesabelomali kanye nezokuphatha.

Yini okufanele ibe umzimba ezikhethekile?

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi e-Russia siqinise impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo - inqubo kulawulwa umthetho kahulumeni ezweni lethu namanje akanawo umzimba ehlukile (njengoba e-Hong Kong simo), obekungadala onesibophezelo sanoma aqinisekise ukuthi imigomo yomphakathi efaneleko. Kube Ukuphatha Anti-Corruption ngaphansi uMongameli Russian Federation, kodwa isimo igunya olulodwa, akunandaba. Ongoti imvelo banombono wokuthi i-ejensi enjalo kungaba wusizo ukudala.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abahlaziyi bathi, sivumele isishaya-mthetho kufanele kube esinokulinganisela ikakhulukazi yombuzo bhunga igunya amandla anjalo. Okungukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, wasinikeza izici "iphoyisa" uhlamvu (ukuboshwa, njll) amandla kungaba liyochukuluza izinga umehluko ezithile phakathi imisebenzi ye-ejensi kanye namandla izakhiwo ezikhona, ochwepheshe bathi.

Kubalulekile, abahlaziyi bathi, namanje ukugxila isinyathelo mathupha kunokuba esisheshayo. Eduze aphambana ezinjengokungcoliswa ukulondeka kwezomnotho nekulwa nenkhohlakalo. Sikhuluma yokuthi, empeleni eyenziwa hhayi kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukulandelwa kwezinkambiso yomthetho, kodwa futhi ahloniphe izithakazelo izakhiwo zebhizinisi, okuyinto sinendima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni isimiso sezomnotho isimo. Khumbula indaba yokuziphatha izindiza - ezibonakala igunya ukuqasha abasebenzi axhomeke ngokuphelele isakhiwo yenkampani yangaphakathi. Nokho, umthetho uhlinzekela umthetho ovumela uhulumeni ukuba kube nesisekelo esingokomthetho siqala ngesikhathi esinomkhawulo (ngokusebenzisa inhlawulo), kodwa namanje ezindabeni eyimfihlo inkampani.

Ngo umsebenzi olulodwa elwisana nenkohlakalo umzimba, okungenzeka ukudala Russian lesishaya isici esibalulekile ukulawula nomphakathi. Ngenhla sibonile ukuthi uma indlela insufficiently enokulinganisela ukuhlanganisa imithetho nenqubo okungacaci ku isici komthetho kungaba nzima uma, isibonelo, impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo e esikoleni noma ngisho enkulisa (ngokoMthetho kwemibandela yomthetho) Kwenziwa ngokuvumelana nezinqubo ezifana nalezo ezisetshenziswa ngaphakathi kohlaka imisebenzi emkhakheni ukuxhumana phakathi kukahulumeni namabhizinisi. Mhlawumbe, abahlaziyi bathi, uzodinga kwenaba eningiliziwe kwamazinga zokulawula, okungenani ngenxa yokuthi othisha, njengoba umthetho, lokhu akukona bakahulumeni nezikhulu. Inkhohlakalo e zasenkulisa, isikole - endaweni okukholelwa ukuthi abameli, ezidinga ukushicilelwa imithombo bahluke komthetho. Futhi kuba njalo omunye izinselelo ezibhekene iziphathimandla zaseRussia.