Minerals Rostov esifundeni: uwoyela, igesi, amalahle kanzima, wokulinganisa, isihlabathi

Okwamanje, amaminerali we Rostov esifundeni ezihlukahlukene. Kukhona zibhekiwe kanye nempumelelo ekuhlinzeni amachibi amaningi. Le ndawo ukhiqiza anthracite. ERussia futhi emhlabeni ndawo kuphela lapho ekhishwe okunama-kilojoule amaningi amaminerali. endaweni Ukuthembisa komhlaba ingaphezu 46 sq. M. km. Ubude esifundeni kukhona amasayithi amayelana 30 kuncike izifundo umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Cabangela eminye imininingwane namaminerali Rostov esifundeni.

Uhlolojikelele

Isifunda ibanjiwe njalo ekhishwe kusuka ekujuleni:

1. Lime (fluxing kanye Converter).
2. Izinto zokwakha.
3. ubumba Refractory futhi refractory.
4. Amanzi. Isifunda at a 300 m ukujula. Lala amaminerali komhlaba kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi ahlanzekile.
5. Udini Sands.

Imali ezinhlobo non-bendabuko amaminerali ziye zatholakala edlule eminyakeni embalwa. Ngokwesibonelo, wathola futhi lakhiwa bentonites glauconite, amatshe siliceous. Bonke bangabangasokile esisetshenziselwa. Asetshenziswa njengezitolo umquba, melirantov zemvelo, sorbents zemvelo. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lezi ezifakwa kungukuthi iyasetshenziswa isikali ezimbonini. Ngezenzo misela kanye usimende izinto zokusetshenziswa esifundeni.

hydrocarbon

Lamazwe kakhulu athuthukile igesi kanye negesi condensate Amasimu. Ubude wathola 20 hydrocarbon nezitsha. Phakathi kwabo, ngaphezu igesi kanye negesi condensate, uwoyela eyodwa namafutha eyodwa kanye negesi. East Donbass ingenye izindawo endala futhi ngobukhulu yezimayini. Amalahle bakha angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-24 amathani kubo okuye kwenziwa kuye kwabonisa ukuthi wabelane 27% (amathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6.5) ngaphambili kulinganiselwa -. 12% (cishe libe no 3 billion amathani), i-predictive - 61% (amathani angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-14.5). Okwamanje sesiyabazi izindawo eziyishumi ezithembisa, lapho ungakwazi ukwakha ezimayini entsha. Rostov esifundeni ngeke mhlawumbe ukunikeza eminye engamathani ayizigidi ezingu-545 amalahle. Lokufuduka izinsiza afanele izimayini kuyinto angaba ngu-270 million. Ngaleyo ndlela Jikelele Isikhwama ifinyelela engamathani ayizigidi ezingu-815. Ngokusho izici Geological takhi e-Eastern Donbass ukuhlukanisa izigaba eziyinhloko eziyisishiyagalolunye: Kamensk-Gundorovskaya, Gukovo-Zverev, Krasnodonetsky, Belokalitvenskyi, Shakhtinskaya-Nesvetaevsky, Tatsinskaya, Zadonsk, Sulina-Sadkinsky futhi endaweni Millerovo.

amaminerali esiyingqayizivele

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ilahle okunama-kilojoule amaningi limbiwa esifundeni. It ebangela u-90% inani. Ngokusho degree of metamorphism libizwa superantratsitam. Lokhu kubonisa khona ebaluleke kakhulu umthengi izakhiwo ezifana okusezingeni eliphezulu okuqukethwe kwama-kilojoule kanye kwabantu. ukushisa Specific amandla omlilo - 33-34 MJ / kg. inhlanganiso wayo ifinyelela 1,76 g / m ^3. Kuyinto 20-30% ephakeme kunaleyo for zokubasa ezivamile. ukwakheka amaminerali we vitrinite. Microhardness vitrinite 5-8 k. kunakunoma nezinye izingxenye. Ngezinye 5-12% umlotha nokuqukethwe kanye obogaschaemosti ezinhle komama bengathola ephansi umlotha anthracite banga.

imikhiqizo kabusha

Anthracite ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ngezinto, bayindlala kakhulu emakethe. Phakathi kwabo:

1. Karbid Kremniya.
2. Graphite.
3. Isikhungo samanzi kanye thermoanthracite.
4. Sorbents.
5. izithasiselo Carbonaceous womshini steel.
6. Ferroalloys.
7. Sulfonated.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uDon Anthracite methane cishe alibonakali nezinye amagesi elimazayo. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba babela it isigaba esiyingqayizivele.

Cox amaminerali

Futhi ungowenani elikhulu. Lokubiza coking amalahle ifinyelela 5% esele Imininingwane esifundeni Reserve. Mineral OS Brands QOL. K, F, KO, D bagxila Tatsinskiy, Kalitva, Kamensko-Gundorovskaya amachibi. umthamo wabo phakathi kwezigidi ezingu-135 wamathani. Namuhla, ukukhiqizwa Kwenziwa eyodwa, "West" okwami nje. Rostov Region ubelokhu ufundwa izazi zokuma komhlaba. Kunezindawo efakazelwe. Ezikhanga kakhulu e kwezomnotho imigomo kubalwa izifunda amaminerali elandelayo endaweni Rostov:

1. Boguraevski-ezijulile.
2. Bystryanskaya.
3. Zhernovny.
4. abavukuzi Western.
5. Mikhailovsky.

Industrial amalahle ngaphakathi kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-16.

Amandla

Ukusebenza kukaphethiloli namandla eziyinkimbinkimbi at bangakunaki ukuphila ekhiqizwa fuel imithombo. ukhiye oyedwa kubhekwa igesi yemvelo. Efika ikakhulu kusukela amapayipi main, efana ku esifundeni kusuka ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga yezwe. Namuhla uhlole igesi izinqolobane kukhona cubic metres ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane 36 ^3. Lokufuduka isisetshenziswa sikhonjiswe luphakathi 33 yakuphika ^3. Ukuze uwoyela, lezi manani ngokulandelana abayizigidi ezingu 3.3 kanye 2.26 amathani. Hydrocarbon ukuhlola isisetshenziswa ezivamile isezingeni 3.4% uwoyela negesi - 20.2%. Lokhu kubonisa uvundile yesifunda ngokuya ukukhiqizwa. Hydrocarbon izindawo Rostov esifundeni waqala ukuba athuthukiswe ngendlela yezomnotho ngo-1968. Ukukhiqizwa 20 amachibi namuhla wenziwa eziyisishiyagalombili:

1. Azov.
2. Leonov.
3. Dubovsky.
4. Markov.
5. Plotinsky.
6. Kruzhilovskom.
7. Sinyavsky.
8. Patronovskom.

Amacebo izinkampani zezimayini kuwufanele ukutholakala kanye nokuthuthukiswa amasayithi amasha. Nokho, lokhu kuzodinga utshalomali abalulekile.

zokwakha

Ingxenye enkulu ekukhiqizeni kwabo kubhekwa indawo Millerovo. Ngo esifundeni zikhona izinsiza ongashi ukwenziwa izigqulo. Rogalikskoe wami unesibalo engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-12 amathani izinqolobane. izinto eliyingqayizivele basuke bagxila engxenyeni eseningizimu umcengezi. Cishe kumathani ayizigidi ezingama-20 iqukethe ezingaphezu kuka-50% of the ingxenye lime. Ukuba khona kwawo ivumela nenye amamaki aphezulu "A" futhi "B". I ewusizo samanje chalks futhi limestones mkhulu. Anamandla -. 16-20 m Baqamba amanga kwezakhi ngenhla ezingeni komhlaba. namaminerali Ehlubula Rostov esifundeni ethulwa loam. ukujiya yabo-10 m. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekhona elingaphakathi kwezihlabathi. Loam ubumba ingasetshenziswa njengenhlangano okufakiwe enkulu ekwakhekeni clinker izigqulo. Lezi zilwane ngobukhulu isakhiwo kubhekwe Tarasovskiy esifundeni Rostov esifundeni. Lapha kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka izinto enobungane. Zisetshenziswa kukhiqizwe amamaki aphezulu kasimende fillers, upende varnishes.

Zhirnovsky inkwali

Itholakala endaweni Tatsinskiy. Aggregates basuke bagxila Zhirnovsky umsebenzi. Lokufuduka limestone kuze kube amathani ayizigidi ezingu-200. Le nto obusetshenziswa embonini Metallurgical. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isetshenziswa womshini yokucucuza esithandweni somlilo kuqhuma kanye steelmaking. Ngokusho imiphumela yalomsebenti kwehlwaywe, mayelana 65-70% imali ofanele umkhakha Converter. Basuke emelelwa amamaki C-2 kanye no-C-1. Cishe 5-7% ingasetshenziswa nge evulekile-Iziko steel sokuncibilikisa indlela. Basuke emelelwa uphawu M 2. Mayelana 1-2% limestone ingasetshenziswa Ukuqhuma amaziko. Lesitshalo Zhirnovsky umsebenzi esekelwe zihlolisisa, ofanele ukwenziwa soda umlotha, i-calcium nitrate, calcium Carbide, isicelo embonini ushukela (ngesikhathi sekhefu abakhethayo Class I). Abakwazi usetshenziselwe amaminerali Umanyolo, ukukhiqizwa kwanoma Portland usimende, ochotshoziwe itshe ezihlukahlukene wokwakha imisebenzi.

quartzite

Lezi namaminerali Rostov esifundeni ethulwa "abakhwabanisi" (quartzitic) sandstones. Banezinhliziyo umsuka sedimentary. Baqamba amanga ezijulile esihlabathini futhi sandstone ngesikhathi ukuminyana eziphathelene buchakskoy Eocene, ngesimo lens wahlukana. I indawo yabo ukujula kuyahlukahluka kusuka 0.5 kuya 20-30 m. Overburden kubhekwe bentonites quaternary ubumba loam, ubumba Kiev ehlanganisa, buchakskie sandstones nesihlabathi, quartzite okuyinto amanga ngenhla ophahleni, kanye namadwala, khona kukholamu ukukhiqizwa. Ngqo izindawo ezibalulekile kwezohwebo, kwesigubhu amandla is hhayi ningi than 10-15 m. Njengoba material for yokusansimbi ingasetshenziswa ku ferroalloys quartzite, phosphorous ekukhiqizeni. amatshe athile nge lokuhlushwa eliphezulu Silica bangaqashwa enkulu ekwakhekeni Silicon crystalline. Quartzites ofanele ukwenziwa itshe olwembiza. Tarasovskiy endaweni endaweni Rostov kuhlanganisa 17 rocks nesenzakalo izingxenye. Ngo Meshkovsky umcengezi kukhona ezifakwa ezintathu. Basuke etholakala District Upper elisemcengezini. Epholile. Lokhu idiphozi akuyona eziqhutshwa futhi iyatholakala ngendlela evulekile.

ubumba Refractory futhi refractory

ezifakwa zabo zivamile maphakathi esifundeni ngaphakathi kwemingcele evulekile Donbass. Clays kukhona Sulina Pliocene kwezakhi. Tiniketwe ngesimo fake abahlakazekile viscous plastic kwamadwala lowehlukile (ezibomvana, ezinsomi, ezimpunga tint liluhlazana noma bluish, ophuzi, white nokunye). Amandla izingqimba ungaphakathi uhla 9-22 m. Isitokwe Ubude we Clays esifundeni 16 million tonnes. Kulawa, 75% atholakala ku Vladimirovskaya ingxenye. amabhizinisi Industrial esifundeni ngokuvamile ezisibangela izinto zokusetshenziswa. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona ukushoda eliphezulu ubumba ngokwenza sobumba phezu Semikarakorsk ibhizinisi "Aksinya". Kucatshangwa amasheya kwalesi silwane abakhona eSifundeni Konstantinovsky. Lapha, esikhathini eside ke kulindeleke ukuba uqale imisebenzi ukuhlola. Clays emasimini ukukhiqiza isicelo ukukhiqizwa Ceramic indawo (isitini refractory, Tile ongaphandle, amashubhu Ceramic). Ukuhlanganisa umehluko izithombe ngokwemibandela for izigqulo. rocks Refractory abe impahla eluhlaza womshini kagesi nendlu zobumba, udonga engaphakathi tile.

ubumba bentonite

Baqamba amanga endaweni Tarasovskoe. Kube watholakala echibi elikhulu, lapho inani ubumba ku uhla kwezigidi ezingu-70 wamathani. Lolu hlobo enezinto eziningi izakhiwo ezithile. ubumba Bentonite unomsebenzi ophakeme okhanda amanye amathuba kanye sorptive, ngibopha umthamo. Ngenxa yalaba izakhiwo zisabalele emikhakheni eyehlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, kwezolimo ubumba bentonite esetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa wamaphaphu umhlabathi biostimulant kwezitshalo ukukhula nokusanhlamvu isivuno. Bentonite likhona ekudleni kwemfuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho it kwandisa izinga yoboya, kukhona nokwanda kokungabi 8-20% ubisi isivuno, okuqukethwe ubisi fat luyanda. Bentonite futhi ngempumelelo njengenhlangano adsorbent e ukuhlanzwa iwayini nemifino uwoyela. Ngo umkhakha, idwala isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni abakhwabanisi amapayipi, ama-tile, udonga tile, limestone, high quality izitini. Ukusetshenziswa Its ekulungiseleleni Drilling uketshezi kule mboni Foundry, ngoba pelletizing imikhando ngemisebenzi imigqa yezimayini. Bentonite uba impahla isihlungi e ukuhlanzwa sokuphuza amanzi phenols, nitrate, izinto radioactive, izinsimbi ezisindayo kanye nezinye izingxenye eziyingozi.

chert

Aye wafunda ngokuya sokufaneleka njengendlela yokwakha. Muva nje, i-silicon rocks uphenyo njengoba umthombo okungenzeka sorbents. ucwaningo nokuzilungiselela ukuhlola kanye ukuthuthukiswa commercial eyinhloko kulindeleke emikhakheni ezine: ku Malczewski - diatomite, ku Sepa-Rainskom - flasks, ngesikhathi Assumption - Tripoli ku Kamenolomenskom South - ubumba opoka-like. Lawa masayithi zinezikhathi Geological evumayo kakhulu, izimo zezomnotho nokuzilibazisa be-Geotechnical, high quality impahla, kanye indices ambalwa. Imali zitholakala eduze zokuhlala, imigwaqo nojantshi.

Imikhakha yokusetshenziswa

isipiliyoni Foreign futhi ezifuywayo, ngaphandle embonini yezokwakha, evumela ukusetshenziswa rocks siliceous ku:

1. Ukwelashwa yamanzi kamasipala nezezimboni imfucuza, amafutha zezimboni, ubhiya, kumasayiraphu nokunye.
2. nokuvuselelwa Environmental ezindaweni okusezingeni eliphezulu umthwalo yabantu.
3. Iphele kanye ihlanze umoya, uwoyela, amagesi yemvelo nezezimboni kusukela nesibabule oxides ne-carbon.
4. Ukwakha ngamabhokisi zokuthutha isitoreji izithelo nemifino.

ironstone

ezifakwa alo aye atholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye esifundeni, e Matveyev Kurgan wesifunda. Ukujula -. 480 m Iron imikhando uneminyaka yobudala Precambrian futhi zifana amasheya Krivoy rog nasesikhathini eKursk anomaly kazibuthe. Rocks aqukethe quartzites hematite martite futhi amphibole-magnetite schists futhi quartzites. I lokuhlushwa yensimbi oxides e imikhando zokhahlamba kusuka 37 kuya 55%. Rough ukulinganisela idwala amavolumu for amandla ingqikithi khathizwe 60 m kanye endaweni ka-20 sq. km. Ezingaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 3.6 tonnes.

izinsimbi eziyigugu

Basuke exhumene conglomerates amandla kabani -. 600 m, zingabantu ubudala Precambrian futhi basemathubeni amaningi 350 amamitha noma ngaphezulu ukujula. amatshe ayigugu nazo ezihambisana ne izindawo magmatism andesitic Donbass. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyunithi golide ezitholakala kwezihlabathi glauconite eziphathelene laseKharkov Kumiswa Paleogene ezingxenyeni enyakatho yesifunda. I zensimbi conglomerates ethulwa izingxenyana ezincane (0.02-0.2 mm), okuqukethwe yilezi asisikhulu kunenkosi 2.4 g / m. Zesifunda Oktyabrsky futhi ukubonakaliswa igolide kwembulwe. Lapha linikezwa imicu thwi falling. Zihlotshaniswa izindawo sokulungiswa amatshe endaweni zemizimba awayiphazamisi. Izindawo ohlanganisa emithanjeni asebenza ngebhethri-carbonate ngokuqukethwe metal ephakeme ngezesilisa emkhandweni wensimbi. Ukubonakaliswa amanothi zabo at a 70 m ukujula. Lapha imiphumela kuqhutshwe isitokwe Imininingwane incane. Nokho, banikezwe ukujula engajulile kanye nokuntuleka kwezinsiza ezimbiwa phansi, lezi zindawo kungase kube nentshisekelo esisebenzayo.

mercury

Esikhathini Rostov esifundeni imali yayo ezibhekwa esithembisayo. Ngaphakathi anticline main Donbas izigaba ezine abelwe nge emakamu eliphezulu mercury. Le ndawo ethembisayo kubhekwa Kadamovsky. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Nyakatfo anticline wembula ezindaweni eziningana ne ezilamatshe aligugu ebonakalayo, okumelelwe rocks mercury-aqukethe.

Titanium-zirconium placers

Ngo Chertkovsky futhi Millerovskiy izindawo lwenziwe Geological ukucinga indawo mayelana 2 sq. M. km. Kwatholakala mayelana 12 izenzeko. It kubhekwa ngobukhulu endaweni yezimboni ngokuqukethwe impahla kanye izimo ezivuna yezimayini. ilmenite futhi rutile lokuhlushwa imayelana 10% zirconium - Hlanganisa kufika ku 5%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-carbon e sandstones ukuthi ziyaphuma Kundryuchey umcengezi Kutholwe khona eliphezulu zircon futhi monazite (kufika ku-20 futhi 2-10%, ngokulandelana). Lesi senzakalo ore lihlotshaniswa okuxekethile lasendulo.

nickel

Emhlanganweni we 200-400 m endaweni Upper ukujula wathola uchungechunge intrusions, okuyinto abavaleleke ingxenye iphutha ezijulile. Izifunda 6 usesho zazenziwa ku okufanayo. Kube watholakala Rudoupravlenie Pionerskoe ehlanganisa nickel imikhando liquation hlobo. izinqolobane ashiwo kulinganiselwa ngaso 17 eziyinkulungwane. T. Ngenxa yokuthi liquation ore isenzo njengoba umthombo oyinhloko nickel kanye nezinye izakhi ahlobene (-platinum, ithusi, futhi abanye), isenzo search kwamanye intrusions engase abe nesithakazelo esisebenzayo.

amadayimane

Endaweni Upper waphawula ukuthuthukiswa olunzulu kwezintaba-mlilo ezihlobene Devonian. Okufanayo imfundo ekhona Voronezh esifundeni., Kuphi kube okutholwe amadayimane. Lokhu kukhomba amathemba ekufezeni imisebenzi ukuhlola ku Rostov esifundeni. Entshonalanga esifundeni, ku Matveyev Kurgan, Neklinovsky futhi Kuibyshev izindawo ezazisemizini iyunithi inani amadayimane ezitholakele. Okuthakazelisayo esisebenzayo yisona endaweni isakhiwo esifanayo sezwe eduze k. Kalmius. Ezithembisa kulokhu-ke kubhekwa indawo Deminsky, okuyinto etholakala eduze ukuze. Lysogorka. Kuleli sayithi a intrusions encane itholiwe, mhlawumbe nge ukubunjwa kimberlite.