Izinhlamvu - Iyini? abalingiswa Chinese-Japanese nencazelo yawo

Ezinye izinhlelo lokubhala abe uphawu olukhethekile ababebeka zisekelwe, uhlamvu. Kwezinye izilimi, kungaba ubheke isilebhuli noma umsindo, kwezinye - amazwi, imiqondo yamagama kanye morpheme. ngokuthi "ideogram" landile mBhalo.

Esithombeni ngezansi ikhombisa hieroglyphs lasendulo.

Umlando Character

Lihunyushwe kwelesiHeberu elithi igama lesiGreki "uhlamvu" lisho ukuthi "imibhalo engcwele." Izinombolo okokuqala plan onjalo uvele Egypt ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu esivamile. Okokuqala, zinhlamvu ebekwe izincwadi, okungukuthi, baba okwakuyimifanekiso, futhi kamuva ayelapho zezimpawu ezikhombisa ukuthi kuboniswa amazwi kanye amaqoqo ezinhlamvu. Kulokhu ezithakazelisayo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuphela ongwaqa abangu kuvezwa izinhlamvu. Igama livela isiGreki, njengoba kwakumelwe ngowokuqala uwabone rocks izinhlamvu usithe. Ukwahlulela ngokubukeka zemihla ngemihla ezindala zaseGibhithe naseSiriya amanga, izinhlamvu yasungulwa ngunkulunkulu Thoth. Wabenza ukuze silondoloze ngokubhala abanye lwati lolutfolakele Atlanta.

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi kukhona yayisivele bakheké ngokuphelele eGibhithe ngokubhala uphawu. Konke kwenziwa, ososayensi kanye uhulumeni, kodwa lula ke. Kwaphela isikhathi eside izinhlamvu kanye nemithelela labo kwakungenanzuzo ecacile kubantu baseYurophu. Kuphela 1822 Shapolon bakwazi ukuhlola izimpawu yaseGibhithe ngokugcwele Rosetta Stone , futhi uthole ukuqaqwa yabo.

Ngo-50-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XIX, abanye abaculi usebenza isitayela expressionism futhi tashizma babe kakhulu abanothando eMpumalanga. Lokhu kwakha zamanje, elihlobene ne calligraphy Asian futhi uhlelo uphawu. Ngaphezu umGibhithe wasendulo, ayengamasentimitha izinhlamvu ezivamile Chinese-Japanese.

art obhalwe

Ngenxa ibhulashi (izinto wamukela ukubhala izimpawu), kungenzeka ukuhlobisa izinhlamvu ubanikeze ifomu nenhle xaxa noma esisemthethweni. ifa ubuciko bokubhala enhle kubizwa ngokuthi calligraphy. Kuvamile eJapane, eMalaysia, South futhi North Korea, China, Vietnam. Izakhamuzi kula mazwe is art ngothando eyaziwa ngokuthi "umculo zamehlo." Ngesikhathi esifanayo kaningi elibamba nemibukiso nemincintiswano elalinikezelwe lokubhala enhle.

Izinhlamvu - lokhu akulona nje ngokubhala simiso kwamanye amazwe, kodwa futhi indlela ukuveza imizwa yabo.

iskripthi Ideographic

Ideographic lokubhala Isistimu okwamanje ezisatshalaliswa kuphela e-China. Ekuqaleni, kwabonakala sengathi ukwenza kube lula ukubhala, ukwenza kube esinembile. Kodwa kule nqubo ngaqaphela yayinesithiyo esisodwa: isimiso sokubhala elinjalo ayixhunyiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, kancane kancane aqala ukulishiya kusukela ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Manje iskripthi Ideographic ephawula izinhlamvu Chinese. Futhi ukubaluleka kwabo sifana elidala. Umehluko nje itholakala imodi lokubhala.

ngokubhala Chinese

ngokubhala Chinese ukubhala izinhlamvu asho amaqoqo ngabanye kanye amazwi, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla. Yasungulwa ngonyaka ka BC II leminyaka. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50 eziyinkulungwane. Izimpawu Nokho, wasebenzisa ayizinkulungwane 5 kuphela. Endulo yasetshenziselwa okunjalo ebhaliwe hhayi kuphela e-China kodwa futhi eJapane, eKorea, eVietnam, ezikhandla nethonya elikhulu kumiswa namasiko abo. izinhlamvu ze-Chinese yisisekelo izinhlelo zikazwelonke zezibonakaliso. Futhi kuze kube manje, basuke kabanzi.

Umsuka izinhlamvu Chinese

Ukuthuthukiswa lokubhala Chinese akugcini nje kubonakala e sonke isizwe, kodwa futhi zibe nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni art. Ekhulwini XVI BC kwakhiwa izinhlamvu. Nakuba abantu kubhalwe amathambo ufudu amagobolondo. Ngenxa bemba abavubukuli izinsalela zamathambo kahle walondoloza, ososayensi kwaba lula ukuba ingenzele incwadi lasendulo. ezingaphezu kuka-3 ayizinkulungwane. izimpawu atholakele, kodwa awekho amazwana banikwa mayelana 1 ayizinkulungwane kuphela. Ifomu yesimanje walesi sikripthi atholwe kuphela ngemva kokwakhiwa ephelele yokukhuluma. izinhlamvu ze-Chinese - ke ideography, okusho ukuthi igama noma ilunga.

ngokubhala Japanese

Japanese ngokubhala uhlelo okusekelwe izinhlamvu syllabic futhi ngezinhlamvu. Abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi 2. Abalingiswa abangu lathathwa abantu Chinese ukusebenzisa lezo zici amagama musa ukushintsha. Abanye zilotshiwe usebenzisa kana (syllabary). It ihlukaniswe yaba ezimbili okufanele akhethe kuzo: katakana kanye hiragana. Eyokuqala osetshenziselwa amazwi aphuma nezinye izilimi, kanti eyesibili - a luyingxenye Japanese. Le nqubo wabonakala ufaneleka kakhulu.

Njengomthetho, izinhlamvu Japanese on the incwadi ukufunda kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla, esimweni sokubhala ovundlile. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona isiqondiso kusukela phezulu kuya phansi kanye kwesokudla kuya kwesokunxele.

Umsuka izinhlamvu Japanese

I-Japanese lokubhala Kwaqalwa isimiso sokuba ngokusebenzisa isivivinyo, iphutha futhi yokuncishiswa. Abantu kwakunzima ukusebenzisa amadokhumenti kuphela ngesiShayina. Manje kumiswa ulimi - kuwuvivinyo mpikiswano njalo. Ezinye izazi baxhumanisa lokho ngesikhathi sokunqotshwa iziqhingi Japanese, nabanye - inkathi Yayoi. Ngemva ukwethulwa isiShayina esibhalwayo ulimi ukukhuluma isizwe usebhekene izinguquko ezinkulu.

Ngo-90-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XIX, uhulumeni uye olubukeziwe zonke izinhlamvu, elihlanganisa enkompolo, izinhlobo eziningana sokuloba, futhi imvume yokusebenzisa izingcezu 1800 kuphela, lapho empeleni babebaningi kakhulu. Manje ngenxa ithonya American nezinye nesiko laseNtshonalanga uye cishe wanyamalala nenkulumo engokomthetho iba isitsotsi kakhulu nokunenjongo ngokwengeziwe. Ngenxa yalokhu umehluko phakathi imixhantela kunciphile.

Ukuvela zokubhala Japan

Lapho uhulumeni waseJapane Sinqume ukudala uhlelo ngokolimi, izinhlamvu zokuqala (lena indlela yakhe eyinhloko) ezathathwa lokubhala Chinese. Lo mcimbi kwaba ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi endulo phezu iziqhingi Japanese bahlalela amaShayina owakhuphula izinto ezahlukene, izinto kanye nezincwadi. Akwaziwa ngaleso sikhathi ukuthuthukisa siqu izinhlamvu yakho Japanese. Ngeshwa, kulo mzuzu lezi cishe asizange sisinde.

Ukuthuthukiswa Buddhism ezweni kakhulu kubonakala embhalweni. Le nkolo kweza Korean embasi, okuyinto efika kuleli zwe futhi laletha ezihlukahlukene izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu kanye imibhalo Buddha. Isikhathi sokuqala emva ukusetshenziswa ngokuphelele lokubhala Chinese ekuphileni Japan, abantu babevame ukubhala amagama angaphandle. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka embalwa kuyoba ukungakhululeki, njengoba ulimi zesizwe siqu Kwakuthé ukuhluka futhi okulula. Izinkinga zadalwa futhi kubhalwe amagama efanele, lapho zisetshenziselwa izinhlamvu Chinese. Sekuyisikhathi eside exinwe Japanese. Inkinga iwukuthi lokhu: ngolimi lwesiShayina awuphili njengomuntu amagama nemisindo, okuyinto kwadingeka ukuba kulotshwe idokhumenti.

Umqondo ukuhlukanisa amagama akhethekile Japanese izingxenye eziningana ukuthi wenza njani umqondo ngephasi, wayemubi kakhulu. Kulokhu, ukufunda lesifanele kwadingeka zilibaleke. Uma akazange athikanyezwe ngomqondo wokuthi idatha izwi kumele sandiswe umfundi ukuba aqonde ukuthi ubhekene nezinkinga amagama, incazelo okungase indiva. Le nkinga khona isikhathi esithile eside, futhi-ke kwakudingekile ukuxazulula, ngaphandle kokuhamba lokubhala Chinese.

Abanye ososayensi ekugcineni kwaqalwa baziqambela izimpawu ezikhethekile eyenza umuntu wayekwazi ukufunda lebhaliwe ngesiShayina endaweni Japanese. Calligraphy kwakusho ukuthi umlingisi ngamunye kumelwe ibekwe ku isikwele ekhondishina, ukuze hhayi ukwephula imingcele yonke incwadi. I-Japanese wanquma izabelo eziningana, ngayinye yaba kudlala indima sokusebenza. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izinhlamvu (Chinese) nokubaluleka kwabo Japan wathutha kancane kude la mavangeli.

Kukai - indoda (ngokusho legend) wadala hiragana (alfabhethi Japanese wokuqala). Ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa emkhakheni izinhlamvu adaliwe indlela ekhethekile lokubhala, esekelwe nemisindo yamagama. Ngemva kwesikhashana, ngokuzenza zibe lula amafomu katakana izinhlamvu wabonakala, okuyinto ngokuqinile wangena ukusetshenziswa.

Japan isivele waboleka ngesikhathi luhlelwe ngokubhala eChina ngenxa yokuthi isondele kakhulu khona ngekwendzawo. Kodwa ekuthuthukiseni nokushintsha bona izimpawu yisakhiwo sodumo, abantu baqala baziqambela izinhlamvu zokuqala Japanese. I-Japanese asikwazanga ukusebenzisa iskripthi Chinese njengoba injalo yasekuqaleni Nokho, kuthiwani uma kuphela ngoba akukho inflections. Kulesi ulimi, hhayi ukuthuthukiswa kumile. Okwakusetshenziswa lapho isizwe sibuthene nezinye izinhlelo (okusekelwe izinhlamvu Chinese), kuba ngokuthatha izakhi lokubhala babo abazenza ngolimi lwabo esiyingqayizivele ngaphezulu.

Ukuxhumana ne-Russian izinhlamvu ulimi

Manje tattoo ethandwa kakhulu ngesimo izinhlamvu Japanese futhi Chinese. Ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuba ukwazi incazelo hieroglyphs phezu Russian, phambi ukugxusha kubo emzimbeni wami. Kungcono ukusebenzisa yibo kusho "inhlalakahle", "injabulo," "uthando" nokunye. Ngaphambi Ukuvakashela umculi tattoo kuyinto engcono ukuhlola nenjongo imithombo eminingana.

Emazweni abakhuluma isiRashiya njengoba inkulumo yokulingisa abalingiswa ethandwa Asian. izinhlamvu Russian abekho ngokusemthethweni, kodwa avele kuphela emakhasini zokuxhumana. Kulindeleke ukuthi umcabango omkhulu abasebenzisi Internet. Ngokuvamile, lezi zibonakaliso ningathwali kunencazelo akhethekile akhona kuphela ukuzijabulisa. Futhi owasungula le game, ogxile yokuthi ukuqagela ukuthi iyiphi izwi lubhalwe ngemfihlo kwezinye izinhlamvu.