Amanzi ngesisekelo eziphilayo eplanethini yethu. Nokho, esikwaziyo ngaye? Le into nge elula amakhemikhali ifomula ungafunda infinity. Kuwo wonke umlando omude yokuba khona komuntu, amanzi usesikhundleni evelele. Yingakho, zokungajahi lo nobukhulu bendawo yonke, ososayensi ukuthi uzama ukuthola kwamanye amaplanethi emithonjeni yamanzi, okufanele ukuba kwakumangalisa ubufakazi zokuphila begazi. Ngeshwa, leyo mizamo namanje yize. Naphezu izifundo eziningi nokwatholakala, siye angibonakaliswa ukuba khona nakwezinye izizwe ukuthi kungase kwedlule kithi ekuthuthukisweni abaningi ngezikhathi zako.
Amanzi - ngesisekelo wempilo yethu
Bayingcosana kithi baye bazibuza, 'Kuyini amanzi? "Kodwa ngaphandle kwalo, ukuphila komuntu akunakwenzeka. Isayensi lithi% eziyisithupha umbungu womuntu ukuze 97 yamanzi, lapho ezalwa senani kuyehla kube 92%, umzimba teen iqukethe-80% we ketshezi, njengomuntu omdala, le mifanekiso 70% futhi elidala - 60% kuphela. Lokhu kungabonakala a njalo ezithile, okuvumela ukuba ingene kulo izwe abasha abagcwele amandla futhi aphume ngalo, ephile ukuba Esegugile. Ungakwazi unamathele zonke izinhlobo ukudla, ngokuphelele give up inyama, isinkwa nezinto ezenziwe ngobisi, kodwa ukubeka eceleni amanzi kusukela ekudleni akunakwenzeka. Nge nesifiso esinamandla sokuthola umthamo wamanzi emzimbeni kuyehla kube 5-8%, ngesikhathi zomuntu ukusangana waphawula, siyabhubha umsebenzi uvuleka, emehlweni ecasukile nokuzwa, nakwisyncope kwenzeka. A ezinkulu nakakhulu ethile uketshezi kungamenza alahlekelwe impilo ngisho nokuphila. Ukubaluleka amanzi abantu omkhulu kangangokuthi asikwazi nokuyicabanga impilo yami ngaphandle yalolu ketshezi multi-functional. Futhi abaningi phakathi kwethu ukuthatha khona layo kalula, ukukhohlwa unakekele lo onika ukuphila, ephulukisa entwasahlobo. Amanzi - kuphela jikelele zonke izakhi kanye namaminerali kanye ama-amino acid kanye amavithamini. It uyakwazi ukulungisa lokushisa komzimba wethu, unekhemikhali udoti kanye ezihlukahlukene izakhi ezinobuthi. Kuyinto ngamanzi usizo nemisipha yethu ukwenza umsebenzi walo main - contractility. Ayikho abasubathi wonder Ukudla njalo liqukethe isamba anda uketshezi. Kuyini amanzi ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke? Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu ukudla eziyisisekelo futhi ezibalulekile. Njalo ekuseni thina uqale nge inkomishi yekhofi asanda ukwenziwa noma itiye, okungekho amanzi ukupheka akunakwenzeka, njengoba izitsha kakhulu ozithandayo. Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi ukulondoloza umuntu enempilo kufanele kudla ngosuku kuya ku-2.5 wamalitha uketshezi - lokhu kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi inhlalakahle yakhe, kuvusa umsebenzi engqondo, futhi unike amandla.
Inkinga ikuphi-ingabe amanzi?
Iplanethi yethu iqukethe abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1500 amakhilomitha 3 yamanzi, okuyindawo% 10 kuphela amanzi ahlanzekile. imithombo eminingi etholakala ngaphansi kuqweqwe ekujuleni ahlukahlukene - kukuvumela kuwahlukanise emanzini angaphansi komhlaba futhi phezu kwamanzi. Ekujuleni emhlabeni amachibi ezifana abe ukuma izitsha ezingavamile sizungezwe futhi aqukethe amatshe kanzima ngamanzi umfutho ophakeme. Amadamu, etholakala ambalwa amamitha ukujula, sisetshenziswa kabanzi njengesisekelo imithombo. Nokho, la manzi njalo nabo ungqimba phezulu inhlabathi okuxekethile, okwenza kube enobuthi futhi asifanele izidingo zasendlini njalo. Zamaqhwa Antarctica, elise Greenland, kukhona umthombo omkhulu nomthombo wamanzi aqabulayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indima enkulu ezimpilweni zethu ukudlala kwezulu, okuyinto akhiwa ukuhwamuka of imithombo yemvelo. Futhi yeka indlela esibheke amanzi ahlanzekile kusuka izilwandle zomhlaba ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali ukuthola ngonyaka? Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi avame izidingo zabo siqu umuntu esebenzisa amanzi kusukela emachibini noma emifuleni. IBaikal wedwa kuwufanele okuthile! Phela, kuyinto abahlanzekile futhi kwesigubhu ngobukhulu zemvelo, ise expanses yeRussia. Imikhumbi enjalo ube ngalutho futhi bayazibuza nastoyschim zomhlaba. Angaphezu kuka-6000 km 3 yamanzi elondolozwe ku eziphilayo, kuhlanganise izitshalo. Ngakho, imithombo yamanzi engokwemvelo anikezwa yonke indawo kule planethi. Man njalo baxhumana imvelo ketshezi: ngokusebenzisa umjuluko, umchamo kanye excretion amaconsi ketshezi nge ukuphefumula. Nokho, bambalwa abantu bebuza bethi, "? Ucabanga ukuthi bekuyokwenzekani uma kuyanikezelwana enjalo ayeke" Kulokhu, lo amanzi emzimbeni kwenzeka - inqubo zokuntula amanzi emzimbeni. Siqala sizizwe sibuthakathaka, sinalo iqhaza palpitations, iphika isiyezi ukuvela. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kwenzeke izinqubo engelapheki ezimisweni sezinzwa futhi senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, kuzoholela kithi lapho umzimba ufa.
Amanzi in nature
Uma ubheka i-Earth kusukela isikhala, ungakwazi ziyamangala ngendlela ngephutha wabiza lo nendikimba ethile esemkhathini. Igama efaneleke kakhulu kulo - amanzi. Akukhona nje osomkhathi iplanethi kuqhathaniswa ne ibhola okwesibhakabhaka, njengoba ultramarine ukwazi ukuze uvimbe yonke imibuthano ye imibala esivela e komhlaba.
Olwandle ungunina sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, futhi ososayensi abaningi bagomela ngokuthi impilo lokuqala eyayingaphakama ngokungenaphutha imvelo yasemanzini. Ngo umzimba incane futhi yavalelwa lamanzi kungaba buthelela izinto ezithile eziphilayo lapho efika khona usebenzisa amanzi agelezayo. Khona-ke compounds enjalo igxile ebusweni engaphakathi amaminerali egqinsiwe ezingasetshenziswa catalyze ukusabela. Ngemva kwalokho, brand new ukuphila nhlobo ukuthi abantu ayesazobhekana ezobhekwa. Namuhla amanzi ngokwemvelo ubhekwa okokusebenza ezivamile, kusukela kuma-70% of the endaweni ingqikithi komhlaba imbozwe amachibi emvelo futhi mayelana 30% kuphela ezweni. Amanzi sikwazi ukwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene, abantu baye bafunda ukuyisebenzisa cishe zonke izindawo ezimpilweni zabo. Sonke athande uzibixe esihlabathini esifudumele eduze kolwandle futhi babheke phambili dolzhgozhdanny iholidi ukuze ubuyele ku mnene bamukele ukudlala futhi emnene amagagasi olwandle.
Amakilasi amanzi zemvelo
Amanzi:
- Fresh - 2.5%;
- usawoti - 97,5%;
- ngesimo brine.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi cishe u-75% amanzi isebujameni eqandisiwe at ofeleba elimboze izindawo ezibandayo kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa, emgodini lihola cishe 24% of the komhlaba futhi inhlabathi ohlakaziwe 0,5% umswakama, kuvela ukuthi umthombo eshibhe futhi iningi lutholakale kalula amanzi ngathi kukhona amachibi , emifuleni kanye nezinye kwamanzi. Scary ukucabanga ukuthi akhawunti cishe 0.01% kuphela imithombo yamanzi emhlabeni bona. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo othi "Kuyini amanzi?" Ungase uphendule ngokuphepha - lokhu lamagugu abalulekile kule planethi yethu.
Izici amanzi
Chemical ifomula yamanzi ulula - ekhuthaza kuyi-athomu ye-mpilo amabili ama-athomu ye-hydrogen. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi kungase kube lula, kodwa akukho izidakamizwa engaqondakali kakhudlwana. Amanzi ayinto kuphela uyakwazi ngokwemvelo khona ezintathu zithi: gaseous, okuqinile noma uketshezi, ekutholakaleni ingcindezi kanye lokushisa. Lolu ketshezi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvela kanye nokugcinwa impilo izinqubo Emhlabeni, kanye kumiswa sezulu ebesingesihle.
Amanzi ayinto ngemva kokususwa emoyeni. It is butjhilweni, okwenza bahamba amabanga amade kakhulu. Lapho wadalula ukushisa kwelanga kwenzeka le ukuhwamuka kwamanzi ebusweni izitshalo, inhlabathi, emifuleni, amadamu kanye ulwandle. Lokhu kukhipha umusi okuyinto iqoqa emafwini kanye eyalo umoya, bese ewela emazweni ahlukahlukene ngesimo iqhwa noma imvula. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amanzi uyakwazi zikhipha ukushisa ngaphandle appreciably ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kwaso, kanjalo elawula isimo sezulu. Ifomula amangqamuzana omzimba kwamanzi kubonisa ukuthi yalolu ketshezi likwazi isakhiwo esilula, kodwa namanje it is babhekwa kancane ezobhekwa, njengoba kukhona namanje abaningi strangeness nhlobo yalolu ketshezi, okungase ikhonze ukulondoloza ukuphila eMhlabeni.
Izakhiwo yamanzi
Amanzi noma a oxide hydrogen kuyinto into ikhemikhali kuthatha ifomu uketshezi kungekho nto enemibala emihle lapho akanakho iphunga noma unambithe. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, H2O (amanzi) lilondolozwe isimo uketshezi, ngenkathi compounds ezifanayo hydrogen amagesi. Konke lokhu zingachazwa ngezinqubo yezimo ezikhethekile ukuzulazula kwama-athomu abakha i-molecule ye, futhi khona izixhumanisi phakathi kwazo.
Iconsi lamanzi yakhiwa molecule bakhangwa izigxobo okuphambene, ngaleyo ndlela yokwakha izibopho polar, okuyinto ukuphula ngaphandle umzamo engenakwenzeka. Ngalinye elithwala ngezithako zawo iqukethe ion hydrogen, okuyinto encane ukuze akwazi ukungena ngokusebenzisa igobolondo omubi umoya-mpilo-athomu e-molecule angomakhelwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba isibopho hydrogen. Amanzi umdwebo ebonisa ukuthi i-molecule ngamunye has a obuqinile molecule amane angomakhelwane, ezimbili zazo ezakhiwe ngama-athomu-mpilo, kanti abanye ababili - ama-athomu le-hydrogen. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanzi has a high surface ukungezwani, lokhu impahla zingaphansi mercury kuphela. Viscosity eyisihlobo H2O yingoba hydrogen compounds ungavumeli amangqamuzana ukuhambisa, aphenduka ngejubane elingafani. Kungenxa yezizathu ezifanayo nezethu, amanzi kubhekwa ukuba kuphela esihle, njengoba zonke molecule solute ngokushesha sizungezwe molecule yamanzi, futhi inqwaba. Ngakho nakanjani icala polar yamangqamuzana izidakamizwa izingxenye ukuheha ama-athomu oksijini, omubi icala - hydrogen.
Waba yini amanzi iyaphendula?
It zihlanganisa izinto ezilandelayo:
- izinsimbi asebenzayo (calcium, potassium, i-sodium, barium yombala, nabanye abaningi);
- halogens (chloro, fluoro) kanye mezhgaloidnye eyamukelekile;
- usawoti;
- anhydrides wezinto ezingaphili futhi acid carboxylic;
- kwakwakhe esebenzayo organometallic;
- carbides, nitrides, phosphides, silicides, hydrides izinsimbi esebenzayo;
- silanes, boron;
- Carbon suboxide;
- fluorides amagesi zasebukhosini.
Kwenzekani lapho ukufuthelana?
iyaphendula Water:
- magnesium, insimbi;
- i-methane, ne-carbon;
- ne alkyl halides.
Kwenzekani ebukhoneni kulethe?
iyaphendula Water:
- ne alkenes;
- acetylene;
- ne nitrites;
- amides;
- ne esters of acid carboxylic.
I kwabantu of amanzi
amanzi ukuminyana Formula sifana parabola ne vertex ezingeni lokushisa ethile 3.98 degrees. Kulezi zibalo kwabantu we kumakhemikhali 1000 kg / m 3. I kwabantu emanzini echibini kuthonywa izinto ezifana lokushisa, usawoti, khona nosawoti, futhi ukucindezela izingqimba engenhla. Isayensi selukhombisile ukuthi ayanda izinga lokushisa, aba maningi ivolumu yento engesimumathini bese wehlise kwabantu bayo. Kunjalo emanzini, kodwa uhla 0 C 4 C hhayi lwenziwa, njengoba izinga lokushisa kwandisa umthamo iqala ukuze wehlise. Uma kungekho amagesi ancibilikile, kungase selehlile lokushisa -70 ° C, kanti-ke akuyona ibe iqhwa. Ngokufanayo yalolu ketshezi lungenzeka lokushisa 150 ° C futhi engenzi ubilise. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ifomula ngoba amanzi kuyinto linesizotha kakhulu, izakhiwo zalo kakade izinkulungwane eziningi zabantu aphoqwe ukuba akhulekele lesi sici enamandla.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwezempilo
Aqukethe amanzi zonke izicubu womuntu: imisipha, amathambo, amaphaphu inhliziyo, izinso, isibindi, isikhumba nezicubu amafutha. Iningi ketshezi, okungukuthi 99%, kantsi sicuketse loku umzimba Vitreous esweni, futhi mancane amathuba okuthi mayelana 0.2%, izinyo koqweqwe lwawo. Ecebile kokuqukethwe amanzi kanye nobuchopho, ngoba ngaphandle yalolu ketshezi asikwazi ukucabanga futhi zikhiphe ukwaziswa. Noma yimuphi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka emzimbeni, ungakwazi ngokufanele kwenzeke kuphela uma supply eyanele yamanzi, ngenye indlela, ezicutshini futhi amaseli bayozibuthela imikhiqizo ekupheleni umzimba eziyoholela izifo eziningi ezinkulu. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kumelwe uzigcine efanele amanzi ukusetshenziswa.
Indima amanzi emzimbeni
Amanzi kuyasiza:
- lwezokuthutha izitho ezihlukahlukene nezicubu izakhi, amaminerali kanye umoya-mpilo;
- ukususwa imfucuza, ubuthi, nosawoti yalo;
- ukuzinza yokushisa;
- ukulawulwa hemopoiesis futhi lwemithambo ingcindezi;
- Lubrication amalunga nemisipha.
izimpawu zokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni
Lapho amanzi emzimbeni kuyagcinwa izenzakalo ezifana:
- ukozela, ubuthakathaka;
- nomlomo owomile, iphika;
- imfiva, ikhanda;
- ukuhlukumeza yokucabanga okunengqondo, yokufikelwa;
- kwemisipha izinhlungu zibe;
- ukusangana;
- ekuthuntubezekeni kokuqapha umbono nokuzwa;
- kumiswa cholesterol zingcwecwe, ukugeleza kwegazi ukungakhuli;
- ubuhlungu emalungeni.
kungenzeka wayethole isifo esithile e Ukususwa kanye nezinga lamanzi
Kwangathi ukuthuthukisa lezi zifo ezilandelayo:
- sokuqaqamba kwamalunga;
- isilungulela, kolwelwesi, ukuqunjelwa;
- kumiswa amatshe atholakala enyongweni;
- ukukhuluphala.
It Kunconywa ukuphuza nsuku zonke ukuze 2.5 amalitha ketshezi, kuhlanganise ketshezi eziqukethwe ukudla. Uma umuntu ebhema, badla inyama, isiphuzo utshwala kanye nekhofi, kufanele sinyuse izinga nsuku zonke emanzini, njengoba lokhu kuthambekela ziye zaba nomthelela okwandisa ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Ngemva kokuphumula kahle ebusuku, zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile emzimbeni wethu ikhula ngesivinini, kungani kufanele asekele umzimba wakho bese udale i reserve amanzi eyengeziwe ngaye. Emini, lapho siye sabona isiqongo womsebenzi, kangcono ukuthatha ketshezi in izingxenye ezincane, ukuze singathwesi overload uhlelo kanye izitho zangaphakathi. Kusihlwa kuwufanele ukuthi siphakamise yonke imikhawulo aphuze kakhulu ngendlela ofuna, yebo, uma azikho izinkinga zempilo.
Kungakhathaliseki kubalulekile ukugeza phansi ukudla?
Izinga nsuku zonke yamanzi ukuba zisakazwe ngokulinganayo, ziwusizo ngokukhethekile ukuba baphuze ezinye ketshezi ngaphambi kokudla kulesetayelekile umzimba kanye yokuhlanza izinqubo kanye ukwehlisa amazinga cholesterol igazi kanye okuhlushwa. Odokotela musa batusa ukugeza phansi ukudla, ngoba kulokhu juice esiswini buhlanjululwe, futhi inqubo ukugaya is ehlile. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni kungaholela ekucindezelekeni, kuphumele amasignali ubuchopho indlala kuyofika, nakuba muva badla. Ngenxa yalokhu, uzophinde ukudla esikhundleni ubuyise eziwuketshezi. Kuleli qophelo, izakhi eyengeziwe izogcinwa njenge namafutha, okuyizinto esikhathini esizayo kungase zibulale isimo jikelele. Ukuphuza amanzi anele nsuku zonke, kungenzeka ukucindezela umuzwa indlala inciphise ukudla washisa, ikakhulukazi okunamafutha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ayo kanye itiye ayikwazi ngokugcwele esikhundleni amanzi ahlanzekile, ngoba lunezinto asebenzayo okungase ziphazamisa Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali emzimbeni. iziphuzo carbonated nazo yakhiwa eziyingozi chemical compounds engabangela Ukususwa olwengeziwe.
amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo
1. umzimba zezilwane nezitshalo, lemali isilinganiso amanzi ingaphezu kuka-50%.
2. Ukwakheka isiphuku eMhlabeni luqukethe amanzi izikhathi 10 ezingaphezu kuka olwandle.
3. kwezilwandle ukujula silinganiselwa 3.6 km, ihlanganisa 71% surface eMhlabeni futhi iqukethe mayelana 97,6% of izindlela zokuphakelwa kwamanzi atholakalayo.
4. Esikhathini engekho emhlabeni ebusweni protuberances futhi ayimigodi amanzi uyovuka ngenhla ezweni 3 amakhilomitha.
5. Uma zonke zamaqhwa elicibilikile, izinga lamanzi uyovuka ngu 64 m, lapho 1/8 of mhlaba laliyodluliselwa enezikhukhula.
6. Emanzini Olwandle ine isilinganiso 35% uma egcwele usawoti, wasivumela ukuba iqhwa ezingeni lokushisa -1,91 ° C
7. Kwezinye izimo amanzi kwi freezer ezingeni lokushisa ngenhla zero.
8. Ngaphakathi nanotubes amanzi ifomula eshintsha molecule ayo ukuthatha isimo esisha, okuvumela ukuba lolu ketshezi ageleze ngisho at zero lokushisa.
9. Amanzi zingabonisa kuze 5% of the imisebe yelanga, neqhwa - ezingaphezu kuka-85%, kodwa iqhwa akwazi ukungena% 2 kuphela emini.
10. Hlanza namanzi olwandle blue, ngenxa ukumuncwa yayo sokukhohlwa ukuhlakazwa.
11. Ukusetshenziswa amanzi ukuthi iconsa kusukela isikulufu esiqiniselwe ekugcineni kwethumbu, kungenzeka nokuzala voltage ka-10 kilovolts.
12. Amanzi ingenye izinto ezimbalwa zemvelo elinwebekayo at aphuma uketshezi okuqinile.
13. Isitimu namanzi ungafaka lihambisana sasekhaya, ingxube ezifana at lokuhlala eliphezulu babe eziyiziqhumane.
Ekuphetheni
Kuyini amanzi? Kuyinto ezihlukahlukene, nakuba enkompolo elula ukuthi iyona eyisisekelo yokwakha iplanethi yethu. Ayikho eziphilayo abakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwamanzi. Kuyinto umthombo energy, isangoma isitoreji kanye fount wangempela empilweni. Ngisho okhokho bethu bakholwa ngamandla amangalisayo amanzi futhi esetshenziswa yayo izimfanelo linokuphulukisa ekwelapheni izifo eziningi. inselele nesizukulwane esiyithi iwukuhlale le nhlekelele enhle esimweni sayo acwebile. Kuningi esingakwenza izizukulwane zethu uzizwe ophephile. Londoloza amanzi, thina ekusindiseni ukuphila wethu omangalisayo futhi zikhulisa iplanethi. Abantu ukunakekela amanzi! Akazange asho esikhundleni yonke imicebo emhlabeni. Amanzi - obonakalisa isimo iplanethi yethu, inhliziyo yayo futhi igazi.