Ingabe uyazi ukuthi kusho ukuthini "okunengqondo" futhi yini izinombolo abizwa ngokuthi okunengqondo?

Esikhathini esidlule, lapho yasungulwa calculus uhlelo, bonke abantu abalwe kwi iminwe. Njengoba sekunama-izibalo kanye mathematics eziyisisekelo ke sekulula kakhulu nokuningi practical ukugcina amarekhodi kwezimpahla, imikhiqizo, futhi izinto zasekhaya. Nokho, kubonakala sengathi uhlelo lesimanje ukubala: yiziphi izinhlobo zihlukaniswe inombolo ekhona, futhi lokho kusho ukuthi "uhlobo okunengqondo izinombolo?" Asivume.

Zingaki izinhlobo izinombolo ezikhona kwi-mathematics?

Wona kanye umqondo welithi "inombolo" libhekisela iyunithi ezithile iyiphi into, okuyinto ephawula izinkomba ambalwa, ukungqubuzana noma ukuthi okwesingaki. Ukuze abale kahle inombolo yezinto eziqondile noma ukwenza imisebenzi zezibalo kanye nezinombolo (eligoqiwe nande et al.), Uthi: Endaweni yokuqala kumele ayejwayele lezi zinhlobo ngoba izinombolo.

Ngakho, kukhona inombolo kungenziwa ihlukaniswe izigaba ezilandelayo:

1. Zemvelo - Yilezi izibalo sibala inombolo yezinto (.. I okungenani nenombolo evumayo ephelele elilingana 1, kunengqondo ukuthi eziningi izinombolo zemvelo akupheli, okungukuthi, ingekho inamba yemvelo enkulu). Setha izinombolo zemvelo ngokuvamile yi- N. incwadi
2. Integers. Ngenxa yalesi iqoqo kuhlanganisa zonke izinombolo yemvelo, nakuba ukungezwa amagugu negative, kuhlanganise nenani "zero". Ukukhonjwa isethi integers liqoshwe njengombhali Latin incwadi Z.
3. izinombolo Rational - yibo singakwazi ukuguqula ngokwengqondo ukuze ingxenyenamba, le numerator zazo uyoba ngowompristi iqoqo integers, kanye zihilela - zemvelo. ngezansi nje sixoxa kabanzi ukuthi kusho ukuthini "inombolo okunengqondo", futhi ukunikeza izibonelo ezimbalwa.
4. izinombolo Real - isethi, okuhlanganisa zonke enengqondo futhi izinombolo engenangqondo. Lokhu iqoqo luchazwa ngegama uhlamvu R.
5. Izinombolo eziyinkimbinkimbi aqukethe ingxenye ingxenye yangempela kanye nenombolo ye-variable. Ukusebenzisa izinombolo eziyinkimbinkimbi ukubhekana cubic zibalo ezahlukene, nakho kungenzeka amafomula ngaphansi uphawu impande inkulumo engakhi (i ² = -1).

Uqondeni "okunengqondo": ahlukanisa izibonelo

Uma izinombolo okunengqondo yilezo sikwazi ukwethula ngesimo ingxenyenamba ezivamile, kuvela ukuthi zonke integers emihle nemibi zifakwe isethi okunengqondo. Yebo, noma imuphi inamba, ezifana 3 noma 15, kungenzeka umelwe ingxenyenamba lapho zihilela ngeke iyunithi.

Izingxenyana: -9/3; 7/5, 6/55 - izibonelo izinombolo enengqondo.

Luthini olwakho "Inkulumo okunengqondo"?

Qhubekela phambili. Sixoxe kakade ukuthi kusho ukuthini umbono okunengqondo izinombolo. Manje ake sicabange isibalo sezibalo, esakhiwa isamba, umehluko, umkhiqizo, noma izinombolo ahlukahlukene yangasese kanye eziguquguqukayo. Nasi isibonelo: ingxenyenamba, le numerator okuyinto isamba integers ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, futhi zifana kuhlanganisa kokubili inamba kanti ezinye onhlobonhlobo. It is le nkulumo ngokuthi okunengqondo. Kususelwa imithetho "ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa ngo-zero" ungakwazi ukuqagela ukuthi inani lale variable hhayi kungaba yokuthi ukubaluleka kwengosi kuba zihilela ibisinyamalala. Ngakho-ke, lapho esebenzelana inkulumo enengqondo, kuzomele uqale ichaze kwenkululeko inani lefonti. Ngokwesibonelo, uma zihilela okuvela kuyo le nkulumo elandelayo: x + 5-2, kuvela ukuthi "x" kungase kungabi elilingana -3. Ngempela, kulesi simo, bonke inkulumo kuba zero, Nokho ikhambi kumele isuswe -3 inamba ye-variable inikezwe.

Indlela nokuxazulula izibalo okunengqondo?

izinkulumo Rational ingaqukatha imali kahle esikhulu izinombolo noma ngisho 2 eziguquguqukayo, ngakho kwesinye isikhathi kungasebenza isinqumo sabo kuba nzima. Ukuze iwenze ube lula ikhambi inkulumo enjengokuthi Kunconywa imisebenzi ethile ngendlela enengqondo. Ngakho, yini "indlela enengqondo" futhi yini imithetho okumele asetshenziswe ku ikhambi?

1. Uhlobo lokuqala, uma udinga kuphela lula inkulumo. Ngenxa yalesi msebenzi ungenziwa iphendukele ukunciphisa numerator kanye Iningi nenani irreducible. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kukhona nkulumo numerator ka 18x, 9X kanye zihilela ke, ukunciphisa kokubili izinkomba ku 9X, uthole inamba ka 2.
2. Eyesibili indlela esiwusizo lapho numerator babe monomial, kanye zihilela - the polynomial. Ake sicabangele isibonelo: i-numerator babe 5x, kanye zihilela - 5x + 20x ^2. Kulokhu, kungcono ukwenza okuguquguqukayo zihilela we kubakaki, sithola ifomu elilandelayo we zifana: 5x (1 + 4x). Futhi manje ungasebenzisa Umthetho wokuqala futhi lula inkulumo, ukunciphisa 5x ku numerator kanye Iningi. Ngenxa yalokho, sithola lo ingxenyenamba yefomu 1/1 + 4x.

Yini engingayenza ngezinombolo enengqondo?

Isethi izinombolo okunengqondo enezinto eziningi izici. Abaningi babo zifana kakhulu isici ekhona tinombolo letiphelele zemvelo, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi yokugcina ihlezi ifakiwe ku isethi okunengqondo. Nazi ezinye izindawo izinombolo okunengqondo, wazi ukuthi ungakwazi kalula ukuxazulula noma yisiphi isibalo okunengqondo.

1. umukghwa ikuvumela ukukala izinombolo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, kungakhathaliseki kuqala. Ngamafuphi nje, i-Ukuthuthela isamba aliguquki.
2. impahla wokusakaza kusivumela ukuxazulula inkinga besebenzisa umthetho wokusakaza.
3. Ekugcineni, nekususa.

Ngisho nezingane zesikole uyazi ukuthi lisho ukuthini "umbono okunengqondo izinombolo" futhi indlela yokuxazulula izinkinga ngesisekelo izinkulumo ezinjengokuthi, ngakho nomuntu omdala ofundile nje kudingeka sikhumbule okungenani izisekelo iqoqo izinombolo enengqondo.