Echibini Aral: kolwandle, ecela usizo

Lake Aral, kanye ukubizwa ngokuthi ulwandle zingatholakala empumalanga yoLwandle iCaspian. It ithatha indawo kule 65781 square metres. km, futhi lokho singabali iziqhingi, okuyinto zitholakala phezu kwamanzi. Kungani? Yebo, ngoba indawo yayo kancane kancane, emanzini iyasha, futhi elisogwini, lapho olubilayo kanye ngempilo, sekuba ehlane. Londoloza ichibi ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa kudinga ukuba ezivamile emazweni ezihambelana elinikeziwe umzimba amanzi, kanye nosizo emhlabeni wonke.

Nasi ulwazi olujwayelekile

Enhle eluhlaza umbala amanzi olwandle futhi inani elikhulu iziqhingi - lawa izici zihlukaniswa echibini Aral. Ngokuya endaweni kuba kwesidumbu sesibili yamanzi ezweni ngamanzi anosawoti, kodwa namanje ezingeni amaminerali wathi kwalo kakhulu esingaphansi olwandle. I yomzimba amanzi ukujula incane - ezingeqi kwezingu amamitha angu-75 futhi ngokwesilinganiso yayo ngokulambisa sifinyelela phezulu ngamamitha ayishumi nanhlanu.

Njengoba sixties kwekhulu elidlule inani lamanzi kuleli chibi is ngqo ziyancipha: it iyasha ezingaphezu kuka ukuletha emifuleni nasemvuleni. Amabhange emaweni kwesigubhu, wageza ngamaza ngaphambi isiphepho, obheka ezansi phezu kwamanzi: manje amanzi eza kubo akuzona ngisho njengomkhumbi lapho kunesivunguvungu. South Bay Aybugir engakwazanga babewuwela, manje wawusomile.

Likuphi Lake Aral?

Uma abantu benza umzamo, umzimba yamanzi uyakusindiswa futhi babuyiselwe ekuphileni. Uma kungenjalo, khona-ke, e-Asia, lapho likhona kolwandle, i-desert uzobe anosawoti isihlabathi, okuyinto iyingozi kakhulu kubantu. A self-Aral echibini, izizukulwane zethu ngeke bakubheke njengezidingo okuthile wasenganekwaneni, efana Atlantis.

Pond ithatha ingxenye insimu ka Kazakhstan ne-Uzbekistan. Ngaphambi shoaling wayethethelela ohlwini echibini sesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni, ke ngomkhumbi ukudoba izikebhe, ukudoba izakhiwo kanye izitshalo esebenze ogwini lwayo. Manje kuphela emathuneni dengwane futhi egqwalile imikhumbi okusikhumbuza ukuchuma esidlule yesifunda.

Ososayensi baye bathola ukuthi izinga lamanzi kuleli chibi njalo falling kusukela kudala. Balinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-21 edlule, i-Aral Sea kwakuhlangene yoLwandle iCaspian, endaweni ethile e-eminyaka 16-17, kwakheka lesi siqhingi, futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, saphela echibini Aral bawe futhi Zhanadarya Kuandarya. Namuhla kwesigubhu undrained has nemingenela ezimbili kuphela - Amu Darya futhi Syr Darya, amanzi aqabulayo iziphi kabanzi esetshenziswa ukunisela.

amaqiniso ezimbalwa nje

Namuhla inezingxenye ezintathu echibini Aral. On lokho izwekazi kunjalo, thina usuyitholile kakade. Ngo-1989 echibini lahlukaniswa laba ulwandle ezincane nezinkulu, futhi ngo-2003 iningi waqhekeka waba esishintshashintshayo esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Kazakhstan iqala umsebenzi ukongiwa kwechibi futhi semvelo. Wasemisela edamini evimbela amanzi ukugeleza kwamanzi, kodwa engumakhelwane Uzbekistan engathandi ukwaba imali ukusekela ingxenye yabo ne-Aral Sea.

Kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi inkinga yama- Aral Sea kuyinto wendawo kuphela. Yiqiniso, yesihlabathi usawoti abathintekayo izakhamuzi zendawo, phakathi okuyinto fixed inombolo irekhodi omdlavuza. Kodwa umoya ohlabayo uthuli ngalé Aralkum ehlane (kangaka okuthiwa phansi akhanzingiweyo kwesigubhu). Sand kutholakala eJapane, futhi eScandinavia. Ngakho-ke, it is a real enhlekeleleni yezinto eziphilayo kuyo yonke ezakha kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla.

Kungani Aral Sea avikelwe?

umsuka asalayo le Aral Ichibi kuyinto eyenzeka esamukelekile. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu ukulinganisela akuyona shoaling futhi azizange zinyamalale. Phela, kuncike empilweni wonke esifundeni. Gcina kolwandle kubalulekile futhi ngoba ukuba izinhlanzi eziningi ekhaya. Nakuba kuba izinguqulo kancane, kodwa izinyoni - ezingenakubalwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwesigubhu ayijulile kodwa ezinkulu, ngakho amanzi uthola efudumele. usebe lwawo ezinabantu nemihlanga sifinyelela aphansi egcwele daka, ecebile udaba eziphilayo. Futhi lokhu imvelo ekahle izinhlanzi kwendawo lapho kuyigama angenasawoti. Phakathi izakhamuzi Aral Sea has a zezinyoni ezingavamile kakhulu atholakala kwenye indawo.

Abokhokho bethu bazi mayelana enhle eluhlaza ulwandle futhi umfula Ushizi, okuyinto uthululela kuwo. Ngezikhathi uPetru Aral Sea ifakiwe ku amamephu European. Phakathi nekhulu le-nesishiyagalolunye esifundeni eyakhelwe Raimskoe eqinisa weqembu lemikhumbi uqale ucwaningo. Udinga ukwenza yonke imizamo edingekayo ukuze iphawule zomphakathi lenkinga echibini, ngoba uma zinyamalale kusukela ebusweni bomhlaba ne-Aral Sea, yoLwandle iCaspian kungenzeka esilandelayo.