Uphi Syr Darya River? Syrdarya River: isithombe kanye nencazelo

Ngokusebenzisa ukuqhakaza Fergana kwesigodi ezihosheni Farkhad kwezintaba, naphezu emaphethelweni Hunger asemaqeleni kanye Kyzylkum ehlane Syrdarya ageleza - emfuleni yinde kunazo Asia Ephakathi.

"Pearl River"

Kusukela esikhathini eside esidlule, abantu kuxazululwe phezu loMfula Syr Darya, usebenzisa amanzi alo ukunisela. Bezingekho kuphela ezweni elinothile kakhulu, kodwa futhi sekudlule edumile Silk Road ephambana ne imizila nendlwana kusukela Samarkand, Khiva futhi eBukhara.

Ngo imithombo ngesiGreki, lo mfula ubizwa ngokuthi "Yaksart", okusho ukuthi "iparele umfula". Njengoba lalibizwa kanjalo, nezizwana Turkic, futhi izizwe Iran. Ngisho ngenkathi ephakathi zemihla Chinese ungathola igama Syr Darya - "Chzhenchzhuhe", okuyinto elihunyushwe ngokuthi "Pearl River".

Nokho, iparele emfuleni ayikaze. Igama asendulo Syr Darya, cishe kubonisa isimo sengqondo abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezomile futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke Basazisa amanzi.

Naphezu ezolile sobala ngisho inkazimulo, Syr okunganakekile futhi ezingezwakali. Futhi ngesikhathi kokuwa, ikakhulukazi phakathi ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa ezintabeni, kungaba alethe isikhukhula izindawo ezinkulu. Ngakho-ke, ngisho abendawo yamuva esedlule zemikhaya evelele ukuze kushwelezwe umoya "Pearl River" bemletha umhlatshelo isilwane.

On osebeni Syr Darya eziningi izikhumbuzo zomlando kanye mbukwane. Ngokwesibonelo, Khujand, ogama yobudala eseneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2500, Sygnak, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi komnikazi Sunako-Ata, emanxiweni omuzi Otrar, okwakuwuphawu isikhungo esiyinhloko ngeNkathi Ephakathi. Kodwa Otrar ezicekeleke phansi wabhubhisa omunye bakwa-uGenghis Khan, futhi umuzi ayisekho kabusha.

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana geography Hydrology

Syrdarya abazalelwa engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Fergana isigodi confluence imifula emibili - ebalekela zamaqhwa we Tien Shani ezintabeni zakwa Naryn futhi Kara Darya. indlela lakhe badabula leyo ndawo lamazwe amathathu: Kazakhstan, Tajikistan ne-Uzbekistan.

Ubude umfula 2212 km. Syrdarya - umfula, nakuba ezibanzi, kodwa hhayi ezijulile, ngakho-ke kuba imikhumbi kuphela endaweni Kyzyl-Orda naseKazakhstan.

On isimo emfuleni has a okukhulu ithonya kusetshenziswa isimiso sokunisela ngenkasa, ngoba amanzi eside wakhe esetshenziswa sinisele Ezindaweni ezinesomiso. Okwamanje kukhona iziteshi 700, outputting Syr amanzi ensimini nezindawo zezimboni.

Ngo sifinyelela yayo phakathi amafomu emfuleni iziteshi eziningi, ngakho-ke kuyinto kwimfunda ongaphakeme-amanga, ngezinye izikhathi izimbuku yene nemihlanga, umhlanga kanye namahlathi tugai.

Lapho umfula uthululela phakathi Syr Darya, manje kunzima ngempela ukuphendula, ngenxa Aral Sea, elalikade yaphela ngendlela yakhe, cishe non-akukho. Ngenxa sesomile ihlukaniswe amachibi ezimbili ezincane futhi amanzi awo isetshenziswa ngakho ngenkuthalo izidingo zomnotho ukuthi ukugeleza ivolumu ngesikhathi umlomo okuncane kakhulu. Kodwa ngokusemthethweni kubhekwa ukuthi umfula ugeleza khona phakathi North Aral Sea.

Le ndawo lapho Syr Darya River, ezihlukahlukene sezulu ezahlukene kanye namathafa.

I Ferghana esigodini

Ugxile imifula nemifudlana egeleza isuka zamaqhwa we Tien Shani, le Syr Darya iqala uhambo lwayo ngokusebenzisa olunothile Fergana Valley.

Njengoba III yeminyaka BC endaweni esigodini kwakukhona izikhungo zamazwe athuthukile, futhi zikhona ezinye yamadolobha amadala ka-Asia Ephakathi - Andijan futhi Margilan.

I Ferghana Valley sezulu evumayo kakhulu nobumnene, it is sekungamakhulu eminyaka i-okuzala yayo. Njengamanje kukhona sikhule ukotini, irayisi, izithelo, imifino, amakhabe 30% sabantu Uzbekistan sika uhlala ngokungenaphutha Fergana emhlabeni.

ngokuchichima wayo Fergana ubophekile Syrdarya. rivulets Abaningi encane evela egijimela hot amanzi Umthambo, ondliwe amanzi esigodini ice. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona uhlelo athuthukile ngenkasa, okuyinto baqala ukuvela esikhathini eside esadlulako. amanzi Syr zeziteshi yokufakelwa seziqala futhi amakhabe emasimini, amasimu ezithelo nezivini.

Farkhad ezintabeni

Okuphuma kusukela Ferghana Valley River block Farkhad ezintabeni, noma kunalokho idwala, kusukela afanayo ingenkulu kakhulu. Syrdarya - emfuleni uzolile futhi ngisho lazy - lapha liphenduka sesifufula ayaluzayo. Isibhakela ngokufuzula emadwaleni, yena okhubekisa phezu yokhalo Mogol-Tau, ke ujika ngqo kuya enyakatho-ntshonalanga bese lwakha Bigovatskie imibundu.

Ngesikhathi ophumayo we Syrdarya Farkhad eweni, amaSoviet yayakhiwe emifula. ichibi layo ufeza indima ebalulekile ngenkasa bezwe Hunger asemaqeleni.

Yini plain sawela umfula Syr

Njengoba iphuma Farkhad ezintabeni Syrdarya uyaqhubeka isendleleni ngokusebenzisa Turan ethafeni, okuyinto usesikhundleni ingxenye enkulu ye-Asia Ephakathi. Lena umhlaba onokhahlo futhi yomile elinesimo sezulu ngokucijile ezwekazini. Amazinga lapha zokhahlamba kusuka + 40 ° C ehlobo -40˚S ebusika.

Ensimini ka Turan emathafeni abanjalo esikhulu owaziwa ehlane, njengoba Kara Kum futhi Kyzyl Kum. Futhi kuphela Syrdarya ithambisa ezomile endaweni.

Yiqiniso, i-desert ukuhlala sibukela, umfula ugeleza khona kuphela kanye emaphethelweni Kyzyl-Kum. Kodwa-ke enquma ngisho endaweni belusizi ngaphezulu, futhi isendaweni ensimini Turan plain - asemaqeleni Hungry.

On umhlabathi omisiwe futhi imimoya usawoti obumbeni asemaqeleni engakhuli eduze lutho, ngisho ehlane flora kubonakala wehlukile. Leli akulona zibuthuntu landscape aphilisa ngisho umfula ejulile Syr Darya - isithombe sikhombisa kahle.

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu, abantu baye bazama ukuba baphuze amanzi Syr Darya asemaqeleni Hungry, kodwa lemizamo baye kushabalele. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX yi umyalo wombusi zabantu ayizinkulungwane eziningana eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-10 eyakhelwe Kaufmansky siteshi. Kodwa agodliwe amanzi isibe imbangela eutrophication asemaqeleni.

Imifula ingenisa khona Syr Darya

Indawo umcengezi ingaphezu 200 000 amakhilomitha square. Umthamo wamanzi e phezulu wamanje yayo ikakhulu incike emifuleni eminingi nemifudlana abazondla ice amanzi ncibilika. nemingenela ezinkulu Syr Darya River asezindaweni sifinyelela phakathi. Lokhu Keles, Chirchik futhi Angren. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi acebile kakhulu kubo Chirchik.

Ngo Syrdarya nemingenela eminingi ezincane ezifana nokulandelayo Kasansay, Chaadaksay, Shahimardan, Cox, Bugun, Isfayramsay nabanye. Okokugcina owumthelela yayo - aris - River ithatha e sifinyelela ephansi, emngceleni we Kyzyl Kum ehlane.

izinkinga zemvelo

Syrdarya - emfuleni esinika ukuphila. Yena ngokoqobo isekela khona nenhlalakahle we ndawo enkulukazi. Futhi abantu ifike esetshenziswa yokupha kwakhe, hhayi ikhumbula ukuthi agcwaliswa Syrdarya kuyinto ninodwa ngenxa yezimvula kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa encibilika.

Ngenxa ukusetshenziswa asebenzayo kwemithombo yamanzi kanye Syr Darya futhi Amu Darya e mbhangqwana yokugcina emashumini baye kakhulu ziyancipha amasheya abo. Ngakho, inani lamanzi elenza Syr Darya ku-Aral Sea Sehle ngo izikhathi 10. Lokhu kuyimbangela eyinhloko ezomile ulwandle nezwe.

Futhi ngempela emfuleni baba engajulile kuhle sifinyelela phakathi abe inethiwekhi ijazi iziteshi futhi emaxhaphozini.