Umlando Omfushane Karate emhlabeni neRussia

Karate - akusiyo nje ubuciko bempi, kuba yokuphila, kungcono wonke ifilosofi yokuthi kusiza umuntu ukuba abone interconnectedness konke emhlabeni, kusiza ukufeza ngokuvumelana nemvelo, ukuthole ngaphakathi ngokwabo futhi ubudlelwane babo nabanye abantu.

EJapane, bathi karate - indlela oluthandwa ngabantu enamandla futhi uhambe ngalo ngezikhathi zonke izinsuku zokuphila kwakhe. Lezi imiphefumulo abanesibindi nsuku bamqhube kwemingcele, ngokulandela isiqondiso abakhethiwe, siqinise futhi tempering umzimba nomoya, bangaphezi ukuthola ikhono elisha.

Umlando ukuvela karate

Ulwazi bokuqala ngomlando ikarati bahlehlela emuva ngonyaka 1761. Lolu suku libhekisela Cecina Nagamine encwadini yakhe enesihloko esithi, "Eziyisisekelo we Okinawan Karate-do." Khona-ke kungcono ubuciko amasosha laziwe kubo bonke ngokuthi "Tode", okuyinto elihunyushwe esuka izindlela Japanese "ibhokisi Chinese".

Ngezansi uzothola umlando omfushane karate - ezifana namasiko alo balondolozwa.

Ezikhathini zasendulo waphila ukulwa Chinese okuthiwa Kusanku abake wabonisa ikhono lakhe okukhulu nekhono the isibhakela Chinese, ababukeli ziyojabula eseyintsha yayo futhi isu elikhethekile lungabanjwa. Lona-mlando emlandweni karate Okinawa kwenzeka - isiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke, okuyinto Itholakala leziqhingi of Ryukyu eJapane. Indawo esiqhingini yayisanda empambana kuyo imizila yohwebo, futhi cishe kwakuyihora elifanayo ukusuka Korea, eJapan, Taiwan neChina. Zonke lezi uthi babe njalo ukulwa nomunye ifa Ryukyu Archipelago, ngakho, kube yilowo nalowo endaweni engenabantu kulesi siqhingi wayeyinkosi eyiqhawe elinesibindi, ngokuvamile izizukulwane eziningana. Ngekhulu xv kule ndawo kwakukhona ukuvinjelwa Ukuthwala izikhali, ngakho amasosha Okinawa ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwane kuya bathuthukise amakhono abo ukulwa ngaphandle kwakhe.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII, njengoba umlando karate, Sokugavoy master edolobheni Shuri Te esikoleni kuqala kwavulwa amakilasi eyayibonakala okucashile. Matsamura Shokun kokuba Okinawa Ephakeme mentor karate, futhi ihlelwe isikole elinegama elithi "Shorin-Ryu Karate" (Shorin - ihlathi abasha), okuyinto yayibuswa ukuzithiba imfundo zokuziphatha shugyo. Isici esiphawulekayo esikoleni babe ezinyakazayo ezikhohlisayo iqhinga olubucayi. Matsamury mfundi wayaziwa sonke isiqhingi nangaphandle Asato Anko, okuyinto yena, waba umeluleki Funakoshi Gichin.

Futhi manje Funakoshi Gichin futhi kubhekwa umsunguli-karate. Yena, yebo, yena yasungulwa le ndlela karate, kepha lo kuhlangene, elicwengekileyo futhi efakwe ohlwini izindlela ezehlukene esandleni Chinese isandla ukulwa futhi wadala uhlobo olusha Karate-Jujutsu impi, okuyinto elihunyushwe esuka izindlela Japanese "ubuciko isandla Chinese".

Funakoshi okokuqala wabonisa izwe ikarati Jujitsu ngesikhathi, lapho eTokyo Ukulwa Festival ngo-1921. iminyaka Barely nedlanzana njengoba ifomu okudalwe emzabalazweni iye yatha- esikhulu Japan, okwaholela ukutholakala izikole abaningi ezahlukene.

Karate: umlando igama

Ngo-1931, i-Congress of the "umndeni enkulu Okinawan Karate", lapho kwanqunywa ukuthi isitayela ngamunye, eyabonakala ngesikhathi, unelungelo ukuba abe. Futhi kulowo mhlangano sinqume ukukunika elinye igama kulolu hlobo karate, ngoba kwaba khona omunye nempi China ngaleso sikhathi. Hieroglyph "kara", kubhekiselwa kuzo 'njengamadoda China ", esikhundleni hieroglyph, okwakubekelwa ukufunda kanye, kodwa sikhala kwakusho. Futhi esikhundleni "jutsu" - "ubuciko" ku "phambi" - ". Endleleni" Kwatholakala ukuthi igama esetshenziswa kuze kube yilolu suku. Kuzwakala sengathi "karate" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "indlela esandleni ezingenalutho".

Umlando we ukusabalala kanye nokuthuthukiswa ikarati emhlabeni

Ngo-1945, lapho Japan walahlekelwa empini, iziphathimandla US umsebenzi uvinjelwe esiqhingini zonke izinhlobo Japanese karate. Kodwa-karate kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso yokuzijwayeza Chinese futhi ugweme kokuvinjelwa. Lokhu kuye kwaba negalelo esiyindilinga entsha yentuthuko karate, okuyinto kwaholela ekusungulweni ngo-1948 we-Japanese Karate Association, eliholwa Funakoshi. Ngo-1953, ngokuqeqeshwa amayunithi elite US Army e-United States Umenyiwe amakhosi edume kunazo zonke.

Ngemva-Olympic Games in Tokyo ngo-1964 i-karate yatha- omkhulukazi emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu, saholela ngokudalwa Okwezwe Union of Karate-do Izinhlangano.

karate Injongo

Ekuqaleni, ngokuvumelana nomlando karate, lolu hlobo karate wadala njengoba ubuciko amasosha, futhi ihloselwe kuphela ngenhloso yokuzivikela ngaphandle kwezikhali. Karate Injongo - ukuze bakusize futhi bakuvikele, kodwa zigoga hhayi ubuhlungu.

izici ehlukile ye-karate

Ngokungafani nezinye karate, kukhona contact Sincishisiwe phakathi fighters. Futhi ukuze anqobe isitha, usebenzisa amagalelo enamandla futhi olunembile njengoba izandla nezinyawo ngamaphuzu ezibalulekile zomzimba womuntu. Kukhona izici eziningana ehlukile yalolu hlobo karate ezingakabonakali esitebeleni Racks ongaphakeme nemabhuloki kanzima, kanye ushintsho okusheshayo counter ngesikhathi esifanayo isiteleka olunembile futhi enamandla. Ngakho-ke umbani kwenzeka ku indlela emfushane nge lokuhlushwa omkhulu wamandla ngilungele umthelela, okuthiwa kime.

Njengoba i-karate - ngokuyinhloko ukuzivikela, zonke isenzo lapha iqala nge ukuzivikela. Kodwa ngemva kwalo, futhi lokhu luwumgogodla ikarati kufanele kube umbani ukusabela okusheshayo lapho ehlaselwa.

Izimiso ukusetshenziswa amasu

Ukuze ukusetshenziswa ngokufanele, kusetshenziswe amasu ahlukene karate inikeza eziningana izimiso. Phakathi kwabo: kime, okukhulunywe ngaso ngenhla; ihlobo zokuhlala - ukukhetha kahle isikhundla; hara - uxhumano wamandla kwemisipha ne energy zangaphakathi; dzesin - umoya buqinile. Konke lokhu ziqondakala isikhathi eside umsebenzi esisemthethweni "Kata" umzimba futhi okufanayo "Kumite". Phakathi Kata futhi kumite izitayela ezahlukene nezikole kungaba ibhalansi, futhi kungaba makudle noma umsebenzi noma izimpi.

Izitayela ikarati

Namuhla, izitayela abangamakhulu amaningana ezahlukene ezaziwayo emhlabeni. Ngo-karate isisekelo uhlukanise waqala kusukela esikhathini buqala. Baningi abantu ezahlukene abantu abahilelekile kule ubuciko amasosha, futhi wonke umuntu kuye kwafinyelela izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu, kwenza kube okuthile eyabo. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi iyiphi isitayela, waphila ngokuvumelana okwamanje, ngandlela-thile nabo kwenye yezindawo ezilandelayo:

1. Kempo - art Chinese-Okinawan bokulwa.

2. Karate dzyuttsu - version Japanese we empini umoya Motobu.

3. Karate-do - Japanese okufushane zefilosofi Pedagogical in the umoya Funakoshi.

4. Ezemidlalo Karate - bathinte noma ephuma kabili contact.

Kukhona izitayela eziningana ukuthi kudingeka kuqashelwe.

1. Omunye wabo - Shotokan (Shotokan). Umsunguli wawo - Gichin Funakoshi, kodwa umnikelo omkhulu kunabo ekuthuthukiseni isitayela ayisungula indodana yakhe Giko. ukunyakaza ezahlukene ashukumisayo futhi eyingqabavu, kanye ukuma esitebeleni.
2. Umlando Kyokushin Karate iqala ngo-1956. Umsunguli kuyinto Korean owazalelwa Masutatsu Oyama (wafundiswa ngaphansi Gichin Funakoshi). Igama ihumusha ngokuthi "isitayela kweqiniso kakhulu." Umlando Karate Kyokushin ebonisa ukuthi into esemqoka lapha - ibutho elilwayo ukusebenza, kodwa hhayi yokutakula kanye nokuthuthukiswa uhlamvu zokuziphatha.
3. Wado-ryu, noma "ngokuvumelana endleleni." Isekelwe Hironori Otsuki, omunye wabafundi senior Funakoshi. Lesi sitayela isebenzisa nokuquleka ubuhlungu ngoba isandla, inqubo punches ukugwema, Ufaka. Lapha kugcizelelwa ku ukuhamba ukunyakaza. Okuhloswe ngaso sparring.
4. Shito-ryu. Umsunguli we isitayela - Kenwa Mabuni. izitayela ezahlukene zokufunda enanini iningi Kata (mayelana amahlanu).
5. Goju-ryu (translation - "kanzima ezithambile"). Umsunguli Gichin isitayela eMiyagi. Movement Attack okuqinile, aphethwe emgceni locondzile, kuphinde kuvikelwe namalungelo kanye ukunyakaza elithambile, kwenziwe umbuthano. Iningi zonke izitayela ikude wokuncintisana kwezemidlalo-ngamakhasimende injalo elicwengekileyo.

Karate eRussia

Umlando yentuthuko karate Russia iqala ukubonakala amakilabhu amateur izigaba. abasunguli abo ayengamakhulu abantu ababenaye lucky ngokwanele ukuba size siye kwamanye amazwe uhambe khona ukufunda lesi ubuciko amasosha. Ukushayelwa umkhuba ethandwa lokhu hlobo karate futhi iletha yokusabalalisa zabo eziye zaholela yokuthi ngoNovemba 1978 e-USSR, umsebenzi okhethekile sokuthuthukiswa Karate yadalwa. Ngokusho imiphumela yomsebenzi walo ngo-December 1978-Soviet Karate Federation kwamiswa. Njengoba imithetho ukuqeqeshwa lolu hlobo karate njalo futhi ngendelelo wephule, ngaphezu senziwe Criminal Code on "umthwalo emthethweni ukuqeqeshwa ikarati." Kusukela ngo-1984 kuya ku-1989, kuyinto ubuciko amasosha eSoviet Union kwaba ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa, eyasungulwa inombolo oda 404, ikhishwa yiKomidi Ezemidlalo. Kodwa ingxenye, lolu hlobo karate ukuqeqeshwa, wayeqhubeka ephila ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngo-1989, ngo-December 18, neKomiti KaHulumeni ye-USSR lidlule inombolo isinqumo 9/3, okuyinto inombolo oda 404 wayebhekwa njengokuthi engavumelekile. Okwamanje eRussia kukhona lenqwaba nemifelandawonye nezitayela, okuyinto ngenkuthalo ubambisana izinhlangano ikarati ngamazwe.

Ifilosofi ikarati

Uma sikhuluma nabo i-karate nefilosofi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kusekelwe isimiso ayengakholelwa ebudloveni. Isifungo ikarati amakilabhu ukunikeza abafundi ngaphambi ukuqeqeshwa, babophekile hhayi ukusebenzisa amakhono nolwazi alimaze abantu hhayi ukuzisebenzisa ukuze bazizuzise bona.