Ukwahlukanisa amazwe mayelana nokuthuthuka kwezomnotho emhlabeni, ngokuya labantu, ngezigaba ezindawo lamazwe

isimo ngasinye has eziningi izici ukuthi abacwaningi ukushintshwa izinkomba ezithile. Ukuqhathanisa kanye nokuhlaziywa avumele ukuba bafinyelele iziphetho mayelana nentuthuko kanye yesimo sezomnotho, Ukucwaninga, geography. Ukwahlukaniswa amazwe kuyadingeka ukuze sithole umphumela ngamunye wabo endleleni umhlaba wonke. Exchange nakho ziyonquma izimfanelo ezinhle nobuthakathaka babantu inhlangano yezomnotho kanye neyenhlalo yomphakathi ukuhlanganiswa kwemibuso futhi sithuthukise ukusebenza.

Amazwe nezindawo

definition Economic yezwe kuhlukile ukuqonda abantu zomthetho noma ojayelekileko.

Ukwahlukaniswa amazwe kubhekwe njengento amayunithi indawo lamazwe neyaziwayo futhi yiziphi akuzona ngakho. ezindaweni ezinjalo ukuraga inqubomgomo ezimele kwezomnotho nokucabangela sokuthuthuka. Ngakho-ke, ziyabhekelelwa e Ukwahlukaniswa amazwe ngokusho ezingeni ukuthuthukiswa komnotho. Lokhu kusebenza esiqhingini esithile endaweni engaphansi UK, eFrance, eNetherlands. Ukwahlukanisa amazwe ucabangela ezindaweni ezifana ehlukile amayunithi kwezomnotho.

izinhlangano Universal ngamazwe siqoqe futhi sihlaziye ulwazi mayelana amazwe abo iqhaza. Bahlanganisa cishe zonke zithi emhlabeni.

ngezigaba isimiso

Kusukela ngezigaba emhlabeni kwenziwe izinhlangano ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe (UN, IMF, i-World Bank nokunye. D.), I ezivamile uhlelo idatha ukuthola eyenzelwe izithakazelo yila makomiti. Kumephu ezinye zazo lapha ngezansi:

- oluhlaza - izwe kwezomnotho athuthukile;

- ophuzi - ezingeni medium isimo;

- abomvu - ezweni yezwe yesithathu.

I World Bank iqoqa imininingwane ezingeni nomnotho wamazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-UN kuqhakambisa isimo sabo lokubala ubuningi babantu kanye nezenhlalakahle.

Ososayensi futhi lakhomba inani izinhlobo eziyisisekelo iqoqo idatha kanye processing, okubandakanya Ukwahlukaniswa amazwe.

Ngokusho uhlobo uhlelo izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho yayikhona ngezigaba ehlukanisa izwe ku-capitalism, sezenhlalo kanye namazwe athuthukayo.

Izinga yentuthuko yezwe ihlukaniswa njengoba ezithuthukako nezithuthukileko.

ngezigaba Geographical lamazwe uyakucabangela ubukhulu nendawo yezwe kumephu jikelele. Futhi kubhekelwe ubungako bawo futhi isakhiwo sabantu, inqwaba yezinto zemvelo.

ngezigaba Geographical

Nokuhlola yezwe kumephu jikelele kubaluleke ngempela. Kule kungaba isiqalo ukukhiqiza nezinye ngeengaba. Indawo yezwe kumephu ezweni nayo ilinganiselwe. Ngemva kuchazwe iyunithi ngekwendzawo kungashintshwa. Kodwa zonke izinguquko kanye izimo ezikhona kungathinta iziphetho ngokuthi isimo ezweni noma esifundeni.

Kukhona amazwe ensimini enkulu kakhulu (Russia, e-USA, Canada, India), futhi kukhona microstates (Vatican, Andorra, Liechtenstein, Monaco). Ayisebenzi futhi sabelane nabo futhi ngaphandle yokungena olwandle. Kukhona amazwe ezwekazini neziqhingi.

Inhlanganisela yalawo izici ngokuvamile ukunquma isimo izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, elibonisa Ukwahlukaniswa amazwe.

Ukwahlukaniswa kwamadamu labantu

Ukwakha indlela kohlelo kubalulekile acabangele Ukwahlukaniswa amazwe ngokuya labantu. Kuhlanganisa ukuhlaziywa ambalwa kanye qualitative ka isimo yezibalo.

Ngokwalo mbono, wonke amazwe zihlukaniswe emazweni amaningi, aphakathi nendawo kanye elincane. Futhi ukuze senze iziphetho ezifanele ngalokhu Inkomba, kubalwa isibalo sabantu unit indawo. Lokhu kusenza ukulinganisa ukwanda kwabantu.

Labantu kubhekwa ngokuya ekukhuleni kwayo. Qhathanisa wenzalo kanye nokushona. Uma ukwanda uthambekele kokuhle, kubonisa okweqa ukubeletha ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kuka, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Namuhla, ukukhula is baphawula e-India, e-USA, UK kanye kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika. Ukwehla labantu - eMpumalanga Yurophu, e-Russia, e-United Arab.

Ukwahlukanisa amazwe ngokuya labantu yakhiwa ikhumbula isakhiwo yezibalo. I share yokusebenza yobudala, labantu abafundile, kanye ubuzwe kubalulekile ukuhlaziya.

Ukwahlukanisa wezokuThuthukiswa koMnotho

Ukwahlukaniswa ezivamile esetshenziswa izinhlangano nezikhungo zocwaningo emhlabeni wonke eziningi, senziwa ngesisekelo intuthuko yomnotho.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwale typology senziwa ngesisekelo kweminyaka yocwaningo. It njalo sibuyekezwe futhi ngcono.

Zonke izifundazwe emhlabeni, ngokuvumelana bona ngekwabo kubalulekile kulendlela zingahlukaniswa zibe endaweni phakeme, futhi ampofu kwezomnotho. Kuyinto indlela kabanzi kunazo. Ukwahlukanisa amazwe mayelana nokuthuthuka akusho acabangele post-sezenhlalo kanye amazwe sezenhlalo.

Ngesisekelo le typology nezinhlangano zomhlaba wenze iziphetho mayelana nokufaneleka ngosizo lwezimali emazweni ampofu.

Ngo amaqembu alezi zinhlanga ungabahlukanisa subtypes yayo.

Oholela amazwe kwezomnotho

Ukuze iqembu emazweni asethuthukile zihlanganisa eU.S., eCanada, e-Western Europe, South Africa, Commonwealth of Australia, eNew Zealand. La mazwe abe ezingeni eliphezulu ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye elikhulu isimo sezombusazwe emhlabeni. indima yabo ubudlelwane ukuhweba jikelele umlingisi oqavile.

Ukwahlukanisa amazwe mayelana nokuthuthuka kwezomnotho ihlukanisa leli qembu emazweni abanikazi onekusasa zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe.

Negalelo elikhulu kunawo wonke umnotho wezwe kukhona izwe lamakhephithalisti kakhulu, okwathi eziyisithupha zazo bangamalungu "Big Eziyisikhombisa." Lena Canada, USA, UK, eJalimane, eJapane, France, Italy. Ingabe lunye enkulu e emnothweni wezwe kakhulu amazwe asethuthukile ezincane (Austria, eNetherlands, Switzerland, Norway, Denmark nokunye. D.).

ngezigaba kwezenhlalo nezomnotho emazweni eqenjini olucutshungulwayo inike ehlukile iqeqebana ezweni Izindawo capitalism. Kuyinto South Africa, New Zealand, Israyeli, Australia. Bonke sake amakoloni eBrithani. Ziyakwazi lunye kanye nezokulima kanye nokutholakala engahleliwe yohwebo emhlabeni.

Ngokulingene athuthukile kwezomnotho ezweni

Ekulinganisweni izwe sokuthuthukiswa ubudlelwane kwezomnotho, isehlane iqembu ngokomlando futhi zenarhethu eziphasi ngehlangothini lomnotho sihluke typology odlule.

Ezinjalo uthi akukho okuningi, kodwa kungenziwa ihlukaniswe ezithile. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa amazwe, ukuthuthukisa ngokuzimela wafinyelela ezingeni isilinganiso emkhakheni ukuphathwa. Isibonelo esimangalisayo simo kubhekwe Ireland.

Ukwahlukanisa amazwe mayelana nokuthuthuka kwezomnotho uqokomisa iqeqebana elandelayo isimo abaye balahlekelwa ithonya labo wangaphambili emnothweni wonke. Ziyakwazi kancane ngemuva ekuthuthukisweni yayo ithi kosozimali kakhulu. Ngokusho ngezigaba izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho, lokhu iqeqebana zihlanganisa amanye amazwe ezifana iGreece, Spain, Portugal.

emazweni asathuthuka

Leli qembu yilona eziningi kakhulu futhi ezihlukahlukene. Kuhlanganisa emazweni eziningana nobunzima kule mkhakha ubudlelwane kwezomnotho, kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Abanalo ikhono namakhono. Isikweletu sangaphandle kula mazwe likhulu kakhulu. Sinenkosi ubuhlobo obuqinile kwezomnotho.

Ukwahlukanisa amazwe on ukuthuthukisa lesi sigaba futhi kufaka phakathi State lapho kwenziwa empini noma nemibango engokohlanga osekuthathe. Bona ikakhulukazi abanezikhundla aphansi e yohwebo emhlabeni.

Amazwe asathuthuka ukunikezela kwezinye States ikakhulu izinto zokusetshenziswa noma imikhiqizo yezolimo. Kukhona izinga labangasebenzi liphezulu, nokuntula kwezinsiza zokusebenza.

Leli qembu kuhlanganisa emazweni angaba ngu-150. Ngakho-ke, lapha kukhona subtypes okufanele uzicabangele ekhethekile.

Izinhlobo emazweni asathuthuka

Ukwahlukanisa amazwe ngokuvumelana nasekuthuthukiseni umnotho iqembu othuthukayo ikhomba subgroups eziningana.

Eyokuqala yalezi amazwe ukhiye (Brazil, eNdiya, eMexico). Sinenkosi ezingaba omkhulu phakathi nezinye lithi efanayo. umnotho wabo okuhlukahlukene kakhulu. La mazwe abe zabasebenzi eside, impahla eluhlaza nezisetshenziswa kwezomnotho.

uthi Young abakhululiwe zihlanganisa emazweni angu-60. Abaningi babo abathuthi uwoyela. umnotho wabo kusenzeka, futhi esikhathini esizayo ngesimo sakhe kuzoncika amandla ayetholakala sezinqumo kwezenhlalo kanye nezomnotho kuphela. Isibalo uthi enjalo yayihlanganisa Saudi Arabia, UAE, Kuwait, Libya, Brunei, Qatar.

I iqeqebana third-capitalism wezwe kuqhathaniswa ovuthiwe. Lona isimo lapho kwekubuswa umnotho emakethe kwaqinisekiswa kuphela mashumi eminyaka ambalwa okugcina.

Ukwahlukanisa amazwe capitalism kuqhathaniswa avuthiwe

Esikhathini iqeqebana lamazwe ngenhlonipho ukuvuthwa capitalism lwabelwe eziningi zenyathi. Eyokuqala kukhona isimo Izindawo uhlobo nge ukuthuthuka komqondo capital engaphansi (Argentina, Uruguay). labantu yabo has a kahle eliphezulu lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila, esenziwa Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba uchungechunge izinguquko ezintsha.

Ukwahlukaniswa amazwe e-sub-amaqembu isimo inike ukuthuthukiswa krupnoanklavnogo capitalism. imijovo angangeni umnotho ngokusebenzisa ukuthekelisa of izinto zokusetshenziswa ukumbhucunga imali enkulu amaminerali.

Okulandelayo lichaza zenyathi ezweni vneshneorientirovannogo ukuthuthukiswa ezingosomathuba capitalism. umnotho wayo igxile ukuthekelisa futhi ukungenisa esikhundleni.

Kukhona umehluko futhi tekutfutfukisa talelive kanye yokunivumela strany- "kulendawo" yinto hlobo.

GDP futhi GNI

Kukhona ngezigaba ezivamile ezingeni GDP lengenako. Siqokomisa ezindaweni ezimaphakathi kanye neuropathy. Central ukufaka angu-24, i-GDP inani ekukhiqizeni izwe okungukuthi 55% no-71% e-nokuthengiswa jikelele.

Iqembu emaphakathi uthi lisezingeni elinjani GDP lengenako imayelana $ 27 500. eduze azungeze izwe abe sibalo efanayo nenani $ 8600. Amazwe asathuthuka zihlobene azungeze kude. GDP wabo kuphela $ 3,500, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho kancane.

ngezigaba Economic lamazwe ezisebenza World Bank isebenzisa GNI lengenako. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe iqembu lamazwe ne izinga eliphakeme kubhekwe emazweni angu-56. Futhi isimo, "big eziyisikhombisa", nakuba azifaka kuwo, kodwa hhayi kwasekuqaleni.

Izinga isilinganiso GNI eqoshiwe eRussia, Belarus, China, ngisho emazweni 102. GNI okuphansi ebonwe uthi azungeze kude. Lezi zihlanganisa 33 ithi, kuhlanganise Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan.

UN ngezigaba

IZizwe Ezihlangene ziye banikezwe ingqikithi emazweni angu-60 asethuthukile, ezithinta amazinga aphakeme emkhakheni emakethe umnotho, intuthuko kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe, ukukhiqizwa kahle. Le nhlangano iphinde icabangele ezingeni kwamalungelo wobuntu kanye namazinga social sabantu. GDP lengenako kula mazwe labantu engaphezu kuka-25 000 $. Ngokusho le nkomba, futhi eRussia phakathi sikhathi emazweni athuthukile. Nokho, izinkomba qualitative ka kanye nezomnotho ungavumeli ukuba sicabangele Russian Federation, umbono UN, ezweni elithuthukile.

Wonke amazwe post-sezenhlalo yibhizinisi nesibalo emazweni iminotho iyaguquka. Amanye amazwe akufakiwe owedlule amaqembu amabili, zibalwa leNhlangano yeziZwe ukuthi amazwe asathuthuka nge ngokwezinga elikhulu noma elincane, izinkinga ezingeni kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho.

Lezi zici kanye izici ezikuvumela ukuba iqembu isimo e subtypes ezithile. Ukwahlukaniswa amazwe buyindlela ephumelelayo for Luhlatiyo, ngokusekelwe ngalo ungakwazi enze ukuhlela kanye nokwenza ngcono isimo sabo esikhathini esizayo.