Ingatholakala kanjani izibonelelo amabhizinisi amancane?

osomabhizinisi Russian bangathembela amavolumu eziphathekayo kuxhaswa kuhulumeni ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo ngesimo izibonelelo. Ngesisekelo yiziphi izici neziphathimandla ichaza ibhizinisi maqondana lapho usizo olufanele kungenziwa enikeziwe?

Amabhizinisi bathembele uxhaso?

Yebo. Uxhaso amabhizinisi amancane, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni abantu abadala eRussia ungase unikezwe kokubili ngesikhathi nomasipala ezingeni. Isakhiwo izinhlelo abafanele ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kusukela esifundeni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Konke luncike izinsiza Isabelomali isihloko federal ethile noma umasipala. izindlela lwezezimali ezingeni likazwelonke, okuhloswe ngaso ngokuxhasa ngqo amabhizinisi amancane, ingakamiswa asethuthukile, naphezu ukhona federal izinhlelo ukwesekwa ibhizinisi. Nokho, kukhona zimo ukuthi zibandakanya ukukhokhwa izindleko isabelozimali zesifunda, ezihlobene nokuhlinzekwa izinyathelo ezifanele ukuxhasa osomabhizinisi. Ngakho-ke, iziphathimandla federal - ikakhulukazi koMnotho kuyinto - siqala engaqondile, kodwa namanje ehilelekile uxhaso ibhizinisi.

Izinketho ukusekelwa ngokwezimali

Kuye izinhlelo ezithile lesifunda linganquma Tinhlobo imixhaso. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona nezakhiwo eziyisisekelo ezimbalwa ukusekela ibhizinisi eMoscow. Ngokwesibonelo, e Moscow, zikhona izinhlelo ingashintshwa ukuxhasa imizamo ibhizinisi izakhamuzi abangaqashiwe ngokusemthethweni. Ngaphansi lolu hlobo zokweseka ukubaluleka wombuso aid incane - ruble angaba yizinkulungwane 60 .. Kwezinye izimo, iziphathimandla zedolobha bazimisele offset izindleko zamabhizinisi ezihlobene ukubhalisa izinkampani - kulesi simo, abanikazi ibhizinisi ukwazi ukusiza ruble angaba yizinkulungwane 25 ..

Nokho, eMoscow, sithole imali ethe xaxa imizamo ebhizinisi. Usizo in inani ayizinkulungwane 500. Ruble e uxhaso kute kwelekelelwe emabhizimisi lamancane ungathola osomabhizinisi abahlela ukuthengwa fixed ukukhiqizwa amafa, ukuthengisela izinsiza ezidingekayo imisebenzi, isofthiwe ukuthenga noma ehhovisi iqashwe. Ngaphakathi izinto ngazinye kwezindleko kungaba inzuzo ngesilinganiso 100%, kodwa futhi luqhutshwa okuhlukile nge isinxephezelo esinqunyiwe.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uxhaso intela ibhizinisi elincane singanikezwanga. Lokhu kuyinzuzo enkulu kosomabhizinisi ngubani ezimweni eziningi ekujabuleleni nenxanxathela usuvele isici izimali ezahlukene kanye nezinkokhelo endaweni yomcebo isimo.

Isinxephezelo sokubolekwayo

Kwezinye izimo, imixhaso amabhizinisi amancane ungaboniswa ekukhokhweni izindleko yesondlo imali ebhange. Ngokuvamile, lena nokubuyiselwa izindleko ezihambisana senkokhelo imali ngokuya senzalo. Lolu hlobo isinxephezelo itholakala ngendlela umehluko phakathi Inani intshisekelo okuyinto iyokhokhwa ngaphansi inkontileka ne ibhange, kanye nenani inkokhelo ebekiwe nokuqhuba ibhizinisi.

Linganisa inani isinxephezelo wabhekisela ezimweni eziningi kuboshelwe izinga refinancing we CBR. Uma igama elithi yokukhokha ngokwesimiso sansuku imalimboleko - iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu, kulinganiswe 2/3 of the rate refinancing of Central Bank. Uma iminyaka 2-3 - 1/2. Uma eminyakeni engaphansi kwemibili - eyesithathu. Lezi zinombolo avele eMoscow usizo ibhizinisi izinhlelo.

Nyusa ibheyili

Uxhaso amabhizinisi amancane kungabuye enikezwe ukuze ifeze isibopho ezihlobene isiqinisekiso, kanye iziqinisekiso ebhange. Yiqiniso, inani isinxephezelo ezifanele ayikwazi ukudlula 90% izindleko eziyingxenye yalabo abayoba usomabhizinisi sika.

amalayisensi kanye nezitifiketi Isinxephezelo

Ezimweni eziningi yezebhizinisi sidinga uhlobo olukhethekile yokubhaliswa amalayisense kanye nezitifiketi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvamile lezi zincwadi ezidingekayo ukuze embonini yezokudla. Uhulumeni amagranti ibhizinisi elincane kulesi siqondiso ungase unikezwe ngesimo nokubuyiselwa izindleko ezihambisana yokubhaliswa imithombo ezidingekayo (ngokuvamile lapha kusho nokukhokhwa umlamuli izinhlangano amasevisi). Umkhawulo ukubaluleka isinxephezelo ezimweni eziningi ingeqi 50%. Nokho, amanani okukhulunywa ngakho, kungaba ebalulekile. Ngo izinhlelo usizo ibhizinisi eMoscow imayelana 400 thous. Ruble.

ukuqasha Inkokhelo

Kaningi amabhizinisi ukuthola imishini kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza kwe-BEE. Mayelana izindleko ezihambisana lo msebenzi, uxhaso lukahulumeni lungasetshenziswa. Njengomthetho, lemali isinxephezelo lapha, njengoba nje kwaba njalo endabeni ka, isibonelo, ukukhokha loan uboshelwe Central Bank refinancing izinga. Kwezinye izimo kungase kube nemikhawulo esikhathini uxhaso ukubala. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye ibhizinisi izinhlelo ukwesekwa eMoscow, isinxephezelo zokuqashisela ikhokhelwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiqiniso kwalesi inkontileka phakathi kwebhizinisi nabaphakeli kwemishini, iminyaka emithathu.

Inani okuyinto ezingase zihileleke kulesi sibalo uxhaso eqashisa ngamafulethi, kungaba ephawulekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, e eziningi uhlelo ukwesekwa ibhizinisi inhlokodolobha sika ruble angu-5. Yiqiniso, lokhu offset ngu bengekho ngaphezu kwama-30% usomabhizinisi ukukhokha izindleko Leasing izinkontileka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kulesi sibalo "ifomula" lingase lithathwe njengendlela ne-VAT - 18%. Kulokhu, usizo usuka isimo kuyoba kancane kancane, kodwa i-VAT, ngesisekelo izici ezithile intela, osomabhizinisi kungaba kamuva ukubuyela misa noma Okusizayo correlative roomates nezinye izibopho endaweni yomcebo.

Imigomo nemibandela

Ngesisekelo salokho akunqonyiwe uxhaso babelwe amabhizinisi amancane? Zonke, futhi, kuncike inqubomgomo endaweni ethize. Kodwa, uma uzama ukuhlanganisa nenqubo efanele, sisengakwazi ukuhlonza nezimfuneko ezithile ezivamile amabhizinisi. Ngokwesibonelo, ezingxenyeni eziningi izimo eziyisisekelo kungenzeka ukuthola uxhaso amabhizinisi amancane ngaphansi kwayo - kwesikhathi lenhlangano ngesikhathi isicelo ukwesekwa kufanele kungabi eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2. Futhi phakathi kwezimo njalo nazo - Inani labasebenzi akumele leqe 250 abantu. Omunye umbandela ukuthi isetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi, - usayizi ngezimali. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Moscow kuyinto ruble 1 billion ngonyaka.

Ezimweni eziningi, amabhizinisi adinga ukusizwa sokuthuthukisa amabhizinisi amancane akufanele abe izibopho ezivelele Federal Tax Service kanye nezimali extrabudgetary. Njengoba ojwayelekile, ukuhlinzekwa isimo nokusekela kamasipala kusho ukuthi ibhizinisi kuyodingeka ethile ngezimali zabo zezimali. Ezimweni eziningi kuba okungenani u-50% okuxhaswa ngezimali Imininingwane okubhekiswe.

Ngokusekelwe kulokho ezinye izidingo ungase imali yoxhaso amabhizinisi amancane? Nakulokhu futhi, siphawula ukuthi imithetho efanele ziyahlukahluka kusuka esifundeni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Cabanga ongakhetha nge nezidingo kuchazwe iziphathimandla eMoscow.

Imithetho yebhizinisi, zokulawula ngokuxhasa amabhizinisi amancane, ngokuyinhloko zidinga izinhlangano ezithi ukusekela izinyathelo, bhalisiwe e iziphathimandla zentela eMoscow.

Le mfuneko elilandelayo - ibhizinisi akufanele kube ehlukile amayunithi kwesakhiwo ngaphandle kwenhloko-dolobha. Uma kukhona, kufanele imali e kwesabelomali eMoscow ngo inani ezingekho ngaphansi kuka-50% azo zonke izintela kukhokhelwe ngonyaka.

Uma kuyisifiso losomabhizinisi, isibonelo, ukuthola isinxephezelo eziqashisayo - efanele inkontileka umphakeli kumelwe kwenziwe akukho ngaphambili kuka-1 Januwari wonyaka lapho le nkampani iye isicelo uxhaso. Libuye libe imfuneko uma sikhuluma eqashisa ngamafulethi, - khona langempela ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi ezakhiweni kwenhlangano, okungukuthi ukubandakanywa isinxephezelo kuncike ukukhiqizwa langempela. Kwemishini kumele kube ukuze.

Kwezinye izimo, uxhaso kungenzeka kuphela uma phakathi nonyaka ikhalenda izinyathelo ezifanayo, iziphathimandla eMoscow ukusekela usomabhizinisi ibhizinisi singanikezwanga. Lokho, isibonelo, uma sikhuluma okufanayo ukuqasha - isinxephezelo okuhlobene enikezwe ukuze ukubhekisa ethize nyaka wezimali.

uxhaso zivame ukhishwa kuphela uma usomabhizinisi uzokwazi ukuqinisekisa izindleko ezihlobene. Ngokwesibonelo, endabeni izinkokhelo ukuqasha kufanele kube ngokwesimiso sansuku ebhaliswe kwinkontileka nomphakeli.

Lapho selekelelo ngeke unike

Yini uxhaso khona, siye safunda amabhizinisi amancane. Manje cabanga isici eziphathelene amacala lapho izinyathelo ezifanele isimo noma ukwesekwa kamasipala ibhizinisi ayikwazi elihunyushwe. Phawula futhi ukuthi nemigomo izifunda ezahlukene zingahluka. Kwezinye izimo, umqashi akufanele bathembele kuleso isibonelelo ukuvula ibhizinisi elincane noma isinxephezelo izindleko ku loan, eqashisa ngamafulethi nezinye izinhlobo izindleko? Ukuze eMoscow ibhizinisi izinhlelo ukwesekwa libhekene imithetho elandelayo.

Omunye izithiyo isihluthulelo uxhaso ibhizinisi siye kakade ngenhla - iyona khona izikweletu zentela kanye nezinye izinkokhelo endaweni yomcebo. I icala elihambisana kumelwe manje kwenziwe ngesikhathi isicelo ukwesekwa isimo.

Le nkampani ngeke anikezwe uxhaso uma isiqaliwe maqondana inqubo ucabanga noma ekucwileni, kanye nokumiswa kokusebenza ngenxa iziqondiso ezingokomthetho.

Kepha usomabhizinisi lowo iyawumphika uxhaso uma kwake uyamukelisiwe, kodwa wagcwalisa izimo eziphathelene ukusetshenziswa kwaso, ne ukwephula. Nokho, kwabanye ibhizinisi izinhlelo ukwesekwa ukusetha kwesikhathi izenzo ezinjalo ngeke kukhanselwe - sekuyiminyaka emithathu.

Ngesikhathi wokufaka isicelo usomabhizinisi kufanele abulawe zonke izivumelwano odlule noHulumeni wanoma eMoscow ngokuphathelene ukuhlinzekwa nokusetshenziswa imixhaso yohlobo ukuthi iyadingeka okwamanje.

Umxhaso esiyakuqokwa?

Ngo inqubo uya izinqubo zomphakathi aphoyintimenti imixhaso? Isinqumo elihambisana senziwa ngokugunyazwa - wendawo noma lesifunda, okuyinto unesibopho nomsebenzi bebheke usizo kubhizinisi. Njengoba ojwayelekile, ukuze banqume on ukukhethwa amabhizinisi ngemibandela uhlu nalabo abayobe enikezwa umxhaso afanayo. Lapho nje izinqubo ezifanele kwenziwe singakapheli isikhathi lapho, ngaphansi imithetho ezamukelwe ngu iziphathimandla Belarusian, zazilingana nezinsuku eziyi lokungena izivumelwano ne osomabhizinisi labakhetfwa 25. Ngo imigomo yesivumelwano zezimali isinxephezelo esungulwe idluliselwe akhawunti evulekile ibhizinisi.

amadokhumenti

Ukuze athathe isinqumo usizo inkampani eqashiwe, iziphathimandla kumele uqonde ukuthi uhlelo lwebhizinisi sesibonelelo, kanye yonke imininingwane ebalulekile ngesikhathi usomabhizinisi ukuze. Hlobo luni inkampani iphepha, ancike usizo lukahulumeni, kumele ifake kusiphathimandla wemfanelo wokuqondisa lo msebenzi okukhulunywa? Asikwazi ubuyekeze uhlu ezihlukahlukene amadokhumenti, setha ibhizinisi kwenye izinhlelo yokutholwa esifundeni sase-Irkutsk.

Okokuqala, amabhizinisi kufanele agcwalise uhlelo lokusebenza ukuthola ukunakekelwa ezifanele ngokuhambisana ifomu elivunyelwe.

Ngakusasa dokhumenti ebaluleke kakhulu - okufanayo business plan ukuthola uxhaso. Kufanele ibonise imithombo kulindeleke kwemali engenayo, izindleko zokuqhuba ibhizinisi, buyela, ukuhlaziywa emakethe, nokunye. D.

Futhi, usomabhizinisi kumele ifake kusiphathimandla afanele ukulinganisela izindleko (Irkutsk uhulumeni futhi asungula indlela yokukhuluma ekhethekile le njongo). Ukuze-ke kufanele kuhambisane amakhophi amaphepha afanele eyinhloko.

Uma imisebenzi yebhizinisi zidinga amalayisense noma isitifiketi, kudingeka alungiselele amakhophi olufanele izimvume imithombo.

Okulandelayo - egcwele ifomu ukwamukele irejista izindleko elilinganisiwe. Uma sikhuluma hlelo, esinikela isinxephezelo izindleko ezikhona, kubalulekile ukuba unamathisele ubufakazi bokukhokha izimpahla noma amasevisi afanele.

Iqembu elilandelayo kwemibhalo - izitifiketi kanye neminye imithombo documentary, eqinisekisa ukuthi inkampani ayinakho izikweletu Federal Tax Service kanye nezimali extrabudgetary. Zonke zokuwabona kumelwe ibe fresh, ayeyalwe ukuba ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezinga-30 ngemuva kosuku lokuqala wokufaka.

Uma umthetho kuyadingeka ukugcina inkampani-balance sheet kanye nenzuzo nokulahlekelwa, imibhalo efanele uzodinga futhi bazithobe Commission, ukuthatha izinqumo ku uxhaso.

Futhi phakathi adingekayo imithombo yamandla - sicashunwa irejista, kanye namakhophi eqinisekisiwe ngumuntu ummeli olungisa izivumelwano, isitifiketi sokubhaliswa inhlangano engokomthetho noma osomabhizinisi ngabanye, kanye yomculo sokubhalisela intela.

Njengoba singabona, isidingo akuyona kuphela business plan ukuthi bengathola uxhaso. Kepha usomabhizinisi lowo kuyodingeka zama babuthane inombolo ngokwanele ezinkulu kwemibhalo ezengeziwe.

amagatsha

Kwezinye izingxenye umnotfo kumele ube osomabhizinisi matasa uthembele uxhaso amabhizinisi amancane? Ngokusho kodokotela abathile, i-uzimisele kakhulu zikahulumeni kanye nomasipala basekelwe ukuze izinkampani ezisebenza emkhakheni emisha, ukwakha kwemboni, okuholela imisebenzi kwezokwelapha, farmetsevtike ekusebenziseni imiklamo yocwaningo kanye amathemba commercial ukuthuthukiswa nokuqaliswa.

Ngokuphathelene ubukhulu lesifunda - ezisebenza ibhizinisi izinhlelo usizo zikhona izifundo eziningi kangaka lo mfelandawonye. Ngokwesibonelo, edolobheni ezifana Perm, imixhaso amabhizinisi amancane omunye izinhlelo ngo-2011 (ekupheleni uhlelo lweminyaka emithathu) wathola amabhizinisi 245. Isabelomali lesifunda okuhlinzeka ezifanele zokweseka uye wachitha ruble abangaba yizigidi ezingu-19.7. Okungukuthi, nohulumeni wonkana izinhlelo zamabhizinisi - umsebenzi hhayi kuyehla kube umkhuba.