Ingabe isimo esibucayi eRussia? I zezombusazwe kanye zezimali crisis eRussia

Umbuzo noma ngabe isimo esibucayi eRussia, okuyinto muva kwakuzwakala ngokuvamile kakhulu isiphelile. He is. Uhlelo, nazo zonke izimfanelo kanye namandla okubakhona negative izinkomba intuthuko yomnotho. Ngakusasa umbuzo esinengqondo: "Yini okufanele uyenze esimweni esibucayi, futhi isikhathi eside kangakanani-ke abantu okuyohlala njalo?" imicabango yabantu Ochwepheshe 'ngalolu daba zihlukile. Njengoba ukuhlolwa kwesimo. Njengoba konke kuyadida: isimo geopolitical kanye yesimo sezomnotho, nezindlela ezihlongozwayo aphume isimo esibucayi.

Ngakho-ke, osemthethweni ngeke asondele lapho abalwa imicabango yabantu ogunyaziwe, hhayi kuphela ochwepheshe yasekhaya. Ukuhlukahlukana kolwazi kumele ukwazi ukuthuthukisa ikhono ukuhlunga ngokushesha futhi ukuthatha ulwazi ezisekelwe emaqinisweni, kuhleleka ingqondo. Sizozama ubunjalo bale nkinga bese uphendula imibuzo emidala ziphakame ezingokoqobo emlandweni omusha.

Umsuka wenkulumo ethi

Crisis (κρίσις Greek - isinqumo, Zashintsha), isimo libhekene kungalingani ifomu futhi okuqukethwe kwanoma iliphi abaningi abanawo, futhi kudinga isixazululo ngokushesha. Kuya ngemvelo kokuntengantenga social kungaba:

• kwezomnotho;
• nomphakathi;
• wezimali;
• yezibalo.

Inkinga kungenziwa labizwa phezu esikalini, ezingeni, neminye imingcele. Esihlokweni isihloko ukuhlaziywa Uyinhloboni yezenhlalakahle lomkhuba.

Inkinga ngokomlando athuthukiswe oyisazi kwesikhathi lasendulo futhi ukuziphatha langempela kwesivivinyo. Ngokuya okuqukethwe, okusho isimo nakangaka inqubo, okudinga amafomu amasha nezindlela zokuthuthukiswa okunye. crisis kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho eRussia, okuyinto okwamanje ephawula isimo umphakathi, isikali angenamkhawulo nelilodwa izwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nengwadla, isibonelo, kudlulela ngalé isikhungo esithile emphakathini. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, sinzima, kuthinta isakhiwo kwamandla, umnotho, isikhungo sezezimali ezihambisana nalesi simo geopolitical yezwe. Ukuze ukuhlola kwenzekani sizozama adalule imvelo kwezomnotho lomkhuba nomphakathi.

obumbi bomnotho

Omunye imigomo eyisisekelo, uma sikhuluma izici nomnotho womphakathi, ukukhiqizwa. Kulandzelana kwalokucuketfwe lokuhleliwe amafomu zomlando zokukhiqiza wahlolwa umlando kwezomnotho. Ngo indlela yesimanje ekukhiqizeni, ukusetshenziswa nokusatshalaliswa komkhiqizo social kungenziwa ihlaziye e paradigms ezahlukene, okungukuthi, izinhlelo ulwazi kanye zithwala ecacisiwe. Ngakho-ke, kuhle ukukhuluma mayelana ezithile imodeli kwezomnotho ukukhiqizwa futhi yizinkomba zezomnotho esingokwemvelo, izimpawu isimo.

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini bomnotho eRussia, izimbangela ezaholela, udinga ukuhlola indlela yamanje kwezomnotho. Kodwa kunzima ngempela ukwenza. Ibizwa ngokuthi "ukunakekela" isimo isiqondiso imodeli. Wawuthi kuphela khona imodeli esikhathini esidlule. Okwamanje, i-Russia uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi 'ukukhiqizwa eyinhloko "futhi wabonisa isimo ukuhlanganisa ngqo komnotho amanani kawoyela emakethe emhlabeni. Uma kungekho imodeli othile igudle ezinye izinkomba. nakomaka Economic Russia yesimanje:

• GDP ukwehla;
• emithethweni zokukhiqiza;
• Nokunakekelwa imodeli control isimo;
• ukwencika umnotho isimo izinto zokusetshenziswa (uwoyela) amanani;
• ukuthekelisa omkhulu capital;
• elikhulu capital angaphandle komkhakha wamabhange.

Ukuze akhombise model of the umnotho, kumele kuchazwe vector isiqondiso: isu, base tekuphila leti kusekelwe, futhi izingxenye okuqukethwe, kuhlanganise amanye amamodeli yekuphila. Okwamanje, awayona. umnotho waseRussia, abashe 90-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule njengoba ayenqaba imodeli odlule ukuthuthukiswa uselokhu ngokuyisisekelo zesikhashana. Kungani bungasekho, kuyacaca - kusukela isimo uhlelo sezenhlalo wesi. Lapho wayezothola? It igcina ingaziwa kwaze kwaba kwabancane seluqaliwe. Marx ngokuthi lokhu isimo "ukulahlekelwa emhlabeni endala ngaphandle ukuthola ezintsha."

baye bathi sebeshintshe ngokuphelele komphakathi

Umnotho ayikwazi zihlukaniswa kwezinye izinhlobo ukuzwana nabantu. Inkinga eRussia kubonakala kuzo zonke izikhungo zenhlalakahle yomphakathi. Lokhu kufakazelwa amaqiniso ngenani bankruptcies emabhizinisini amakhulu kanye nokwehla okuphawulekayo ingxenye amabhizinisi amancane kanye naphakathi.

Ngenxa emisha emkhakheni intela 2013 inani lezitolo zabantu ngabanye yehlile pheze ngesiquntu. Umsebenzi ebhizinisi kakhulu alukapheli, kodwa uye washintsha indlela khona. I isabelo emnothweni isithunzi, okuyinto futhi kwathinta isabelomali isimo.

Ukusulwa yamalayisense emabhange kanye ngenkinga yezimali ngo-Russia, ukuvela ngo-August 2013 waba ekuqaleni ukusebenza langempela nesimo esibucayi letindzala. Esikhathini sphere nomphakathi - nesanda izikweletu ekukhokhweni inkokhelo nokusukuma abangasebenzi.

Lezi zici ziye ungakabi atholwe uhlamvu mass. Kodwa kungevani kahle kutenhlalo kubonakala khona. Yingakho kwakukhona ukwamukelwa of umthetho ku ucabanga sabantu ngokomzimba. Iminyaka eyisikhombisa nengxenye, wayephenywa ukucabangela. Futhi manje ngokushesha wethulwa hhayi ngo-2016, njengoba kucatshangwa ngaphambili, kodwa eziyisithupha ezidlule, ehlobo lika-2015 Ngenxa mass esibucayi sabantu ezikweletini safinyelela kwemingcele yayo kanye le kungaholela omunye crisis kwezenhlalo.

Imiphumela wokugoqa Ukraine yezimbangela ukungezwani emphakathini. Ukuphambukisa kwezimali ezivela isabelomali, ngezimali izinhlelo Izindawo nokusekela ababaleki, ukutshalwa kwezimali emnothweni eCrimea - konke lokhu umthombo Kwethenjwa. Nokho, lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa izinqolobane ezinkulu.

Inkinga ngamunye has umzimba wayo siqu zomlando

Ngamunye lezinkathi elinezinkathazo has Dynamics efanayo kanye nencazelo, kodwa izici zomlando ezahlukene. Inkinga eRussia ngo-1998 kwaholela ezenzakalelayo lobuchwepheshe. Ukwenqaba ukwenza izibopho ngaphansi kahulumeni imalimboleko izibopho kanye izibambiso kahulumeni kwaholela nokuphelelwa yithemba phezu ingxenye zombili abakweletwayo bangaphandle yasekhaya. Lwemali kazwelonke okokuqala kakhulu walahlekelwa isisindo sayo, izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezintathu, maqondana dollar. Kwaba nenkathi enzima kakhulu nesimo sokwehla komnotho. Isimo sasibucayi kakhulu ezinzima. Izinga eliphezulu criminalization umphakathi nezindlela zasendle kumiswa inhlokodolobha kokuqala uma ebonakala le nkathi.

Inkinga eRussia ngo-2008 ukuvela emkhakheni ezezimali nezomnotho. Lesi sigaba wembula degree of ukwencika Russian uhlelo lwezimali emnothweni angaphandle. Sekube nezigameko eziningi ucabanga amabhange amakhulu. Igoqiwe ingcebo market, kulandele yokujama tsi emakethe ukwakhiwa. Ukuncipha seyixhunyaniswe wokugoqa ohlelweni mortgage kubolekisa embulungeni yonke.

Kubonakala nje isikhathi esibucayi yasebhange eRussia kuye kwavusa ukuntengantenga kube yisiphazamiso okwalandela kuwo wonke amazinga emphakathini. Outflow imali ezikhungweni zezimali ngenyanga eyodwa nje kuholele nokwehlisa izimali ekulandiseni abantu abangaphezu kuka-ruble amahlanu bhiliyoni.

Inkinga eRussia nezindlela

Njengoba, njengoba kwembulwe ngaphambili, kubalulekile ukuba isimo lapho kudingeka wenze izinqumo ngokushesha futhi ukubheka amafomu amasha ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ngokoqobo, luhlala siqonde ukuthi iziphi lezo izinqumo ezisheshayo?

Kuthiwa imibhalo eminingi ye iziphakamiso futhi izindlela ezintsha ekuthuthukiseni isu eziqukethwe bendabuko ikheli yonyaka kuSigungu Federal, uVladimir Vladimirovich Putin we Russian Federation uMongameli. Enkulumweni yakhe, isici isimo somnotho wezwe lonke, wethule iziphakamiso zokuthuthukiswa okunye yesu. Futhi ngokuya lapho isimo esibucayi iRussia yazibiza ngokugcwele, ukusebenza kungenziwa kubhekwe njengento ongakhetha kukho. Ikakhulu, i-izinyathelo ezilandelayo ehlongozwayo:

• ukunwetshwa isikhala kwezomnotho kanye Eurasia iqhaza iphrojekthi;
• yokungenisa esikhundleni imikhiqizo izimpahla ukuthekelisa;
• ukwesekwa zokukhiqiza;
• ukuthuthukiswa esifundeni zaseMpumalanga Ekude;
• okukhipha iminyaka emithathu ukuthuthukiswa kwamabubulo, aphakeme sredneekonomicheskie izinkomba eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke;
• ukudalwa ukukhiqizwa yezimboni;
• Amnesty dolobha esishintshashintshayo sogu lolwandle;
• usizo lwezimali lokusiza izimboni ze-non-extractive.

Inkulumo kaMongameli kanye okwalandela cindezela lenkomfa idingidwa izikhathi ezibangele umphakathi, wabonisa ukuzimisela uhulumeni waseRussia ku lokuhlushwa imithombo futhi intuthuko ezinkulu emnothweni. Ukufohla ezingeni elisha yenhlangano yomphakathi futhi ngifuna indlela yokululama ngaphakathi ezweni kunokuba phesheya.

ECrimea crisis Khodorkovsky

Inkathi yesimanje lingachazwa ngokuthi ukufuna imodeli yayo yentuthuko nasemphakathini wonkana. Inkinga yamuva e-Russia Kudinga isiqondiso ezikhethekile. Lokhu kungenxa ibhalansi zezombusazwe kwamandla esigabeni samanje. nesimo esinzima kwaqina unswinyo kwezomnotho ngo-US nase-Europe abangayithakaseleli ngokuya kwezomnotho ngenxa yanoma yisiphi kulezi amaqembu ingxabano kwezomnotho.

Isizathu esiyinhloko - the inhlekelele yembulunga yonke. kugcizelelwa ukuthuthukiswa eCrimea eRussia, kanye iinthombe geqe ngo ukubambisana kwezomnotho neRussia. Ukuqinisa we Russian Federation singahlangabezani izintshisekelo eziningi uthi, yingakho e isicelo lwezijeziso Kulula ukufunda emzamweni wokusenza buthaka ithonya waseRussia esikhaleni komnotho wephasi loke. A oligarch owaziwa Khodorkovsky uthi ubuwula abalobi "kuhlukaniswa" omphakathi waseRussia. Russia ilungele ukuxoxisana nokuxazulula izingxabano, liyochukuluza inhlekelele yezombangazwe. ERussia, sikulungele inkhulumomphendvulwano eyakhayo. Ingabe lokhu eWest aphendule?

Euro aqala, Ruble uwela, Russia uyosabalala

Freedom of ukunyakaza lwemali izinkomba orgy of exchange rate, okuyinto waphawula emhlabeni wonke, ebonisa ukuthi sinjani ngempela isimo izindaba. Ochwepheshe kwezomnotho, ezombusazwe, isu - wonke umuntu uzama ukuhlaziya isimo ngokubhuduzela. Futhi amafomu ahlukene, kusukela PR zezombusazwe ababhula ngezinkanyezi ukuhlaziya. Ukuhlonishwa yokuthi abanye abaholi "ukuqagela" ngokuhamba ezinyangeni lokugcina lonyaka, akekho kuba lula. Njengoba-ke ayinikezi njengobufakazi bokuthi sekhono kwezomnotho we zindlela.

Kusobala ukuthi izenzo White House usukela hhayi kuphela ngomzamo buthaka Russia kwezomnotho, kodwa futhi kuholele isimo ukwethuka, futhi ukungalingani emphakathini. Inkinga yezenhlalakahle eRussia, okuyinto kulindeleke kusukela inkinga yokufakelwa yesimo esinzima kakade kuleli zwe, angase kamuva ibe umphumela ohlukile. Ukuwa kwezomnotho eRussia, okuyinto elinde "amakhasimende" ngeke uthathe indawo uma kuphela ngenxa yokuthi bezikhali isimo ikude sikhathele siyingcuba. isisetshenziswa Russian itholakala ikhono ukuthola isisombululo akuyona ngaphandle, kanti ngaphakathi ezweni lakubo futhi wenze enye intuthuko, okuhambelana isikali isikhala Russian.

ezweni izinto eziphikisanayo

Russia izwe ezingalindelekile. Iningi Resource esimweni salo kubonakala ukumelana obumbi. I obuqinile isimo, aba maningi okukhipha kuwo. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa amazwi, isikhundla uMongameli Russian Vladimira Vladimirovicha Putina ngesikhathi sabezindaba kulandela inkomba kuSigungu Federal. Ulindele ukuba unqobe lenkinga Russia iminyaka emibili, futhi ukuthi okubi kakhulu umbukwane.

Izama ujike isimo cuphuluza izici zangaphakathi nezangaphandle esivuna ezweni labo yinhlonipho. Ikulumo kaMongameli Putin esithangamini sabezindaba ngo-December 18, 2014 wabonisa ukuthi iRussia ayigxilile yokuthola indlela yokuphuma nobukhulu bale nkinga. Le ndlela esiqonda ngayo emincane isimo. Izwe lishintsha isu layo ngendlela efana ukwenza eqa qualitative, futhi kusukela amathuba ayo ukusithatha ukusebenza emnothweni ukuthi ziphakeme kunezindlela emhlabeni isilinganiso.

Isisetshenziswa bezikhali Russia

Enye crisis eRussia idale isimo engayodwa umnotho ezwenikazi lase-ngxenye yeYurophu ubudala. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, ukubaleka nesimo esibucayi kwakudingeka bafune ngaphandle kokulinda ukwesekwa ngaphandle. Ukuze umthwalo ngokwabo nge umbuzo ukuthi lenkinga Russia futhi, kubalulekile lapha futhi manje ukudala preconditions womnotho enempilo. Futhi ngoba lokho, leli lizwe linazo zonke amathuba:

• Agro-zezimboni wemboni wabonisa ukwanda ngonyaka lwamanje amaphesenti 5, bakhangwa supply irekhodi okusanhlamvu;
• IRussia anda imithombo yayo ngenxa eCrimea;
• EU unswinyo wabizela izimo elawula ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa yabo zezimboni, futhi lokhu kuyindlela emfushane futhi eziqinisekile usimamise umnotho;
• shift kuya "Eastern" inguqulo yentuthuko esimeningcondvo unswinyo wanika ukuthuthukiswa kakhulu eyinkimbinkimbi zezimboni Eurasia.

Philosophy crisis

─ Inkinga yisimo zemvelo noma yini ephilayo. Njalo ukuthuthukiswa ifinyelela umkhawulo othile the Dynamics komlando isigaba. Lesi isimo lapho umgomo elilungile yaqaphela ngesimo ngokoqobo. isikhashana Lwangaphandle inhlalakahle kunosongo esimweni. Kungani? Ngoba endabeni ukuthuthukiswa yimpumelelo eyeka yokusesha ngokukhethwa kukho engcono ngokushesha asiveli ukuthuthukiswa loMkhandlu eziphilayo - static, yokujama tsi, ukwehla kwamandla omnotho, nezinye izinhlobo eziningi isimo ezicindezelayo.

Inkinga yokuqala eRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu kwaba wezwakalisa ukuba amanani iphutha imali izinga yabo kuphela. Imali ukunikezela kwakungelona umphumela ukuthuthukiswa ukukhiqiza. I ukumnika capital angaphandle kwakhiwa kwencika waseRussia ku zimali angaphandle. Kuyinto uhlobo oluthile ukuchuma ubuvila. Uma umthombo wawo ngaphandle ke uma noma yiluphi ushintsho isimo inhlalakahle ayinakho ithuba lokusinda.

Ngakho-ke, le esibucayi 2008 bekulokhu ucingo ayizwakali emnothweni Russian. Ngokusho uchwepheshe owaziwayo emnothweni - UNgqongqoshe wezokuThuthukiswa koMnotho uMnu Ulyukayev, Russia okwamanje esimweni esithile esibucayi kathathu: sakhiwo, kwezomnotho kanye geopolitical.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu ngokwanele ekuhloleni isimo ngokoqobo isiRashiya, Ulyukayev akazisusanga umthwalo kwenzekani nge kuziphathimandla ezibusayo. Kodwa ayisekeli okulindele ophambene wokugoqa umnotho.

Yinye kuphela Ikhambi elihlakaniphile mayelana indlela yokunqoba le nkinga esibhekene nayo - ukufuna imithombo yamandla ngaphakathi ezweni. Futhi obonisa kanye ngokoqobo, futhi umlando khona isimo Russian ngokuchichimayo.