Ipeni: imisebenzi eyimfihlo necacile

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isayensi yezokwelapha idlulile kangakanani kusukela esikhathini sikaHippocrates, iPacacelsus noGalen, kanti namanje kusekhona izimfihlo zesakhiwo somzimba womuntu, lowo muntu engazange awuqonde ngokugcwele. Akukhona nje izimbangela zezifo kanye nezindlela zokwelapha, kepha ngisho nenhloso yezinye izitho namanje ayiqondi kahle. Kungenxa yalokho ukuthi i-pleen ingokwakhe - imisebenzi yayo ichazwa, kepha iningi liphindwe kabili ngamanye amalungu, futhi akucaci ukuthi yikuphi kuphela. Futhi imfihlakalo eyinhloko ukuthi kungani ukususwa kwe-spleen kuthinta kancane isimo somzimba futhi akubandakanyi noma yikuphi ushintsho olubi lokusebenza. Ngempela, njengokwesehlakalo esaziwa kakhulu se-appendicitis, ingabe imvelo ivumela ukuthi kube khona okungaphezu kwalokho?

Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi uphi uhlangothi. Ngokuvamile, akumangalisi - lesi sitho sincane kakhulu, sinesisindo sika 150-200 amagremu futhi sinyamalala ngaphansi kwezimbambo, eduze nezinso zesokunxele futhi ngaphezu kwesisu. I-oval yayo, ifomu le-oblate lifana nendlebe. Uzihola ngokuthula futhi engaqondakali, kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile angazikhumbuza ngokwakhe, isibonelo, ngokuzivocavoca okujulile (ezimweni ezinjalo bathi: "i-spleen is ticking"). Imisebenzi yayo ayinakugwenywa ngokuphelele, futhi uma sizwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngezinye izitho zangaphakathi ngisho nasesimweni sokuvimbela nodokotela, singakhulumi ngokuhlolwa okujulile, i-pleen isaba "ukuthula". Ngendlela, izifo zakhe azivamile, kepha izilonda zesibalo zenzeka kaningi kunomunye omakhelwane ngaphakathi komzimba womuntu.

I-anatomy ye-spleen iyinkimbinkimbi - nakuba ngaphandle ingabonakali njengesitho esiyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa iqukethe izinhlobo eziningana zezicubu. Kubonakala sengathi kuqukethe i-capsule yamathambo aminyene, futhi ngaphakathi kungamapulp okuthiwa i-pulp, ehlongozwa ngokubomvu nokumhlophe. I-pulp ebomvu igcwele izakhi ezifanelwe zegazi, futhi umhlophe yizicubu ze - lymphoid. Futhi phakathi kwabo kukhona nendawo okuthiwa indawo engaphansi, lapho amangqamuzana angalungile aqoqa khona futhi ama-macrophages aphethwe ukuvikelwa kokulwa nokulwa nokulwa nawo aqoqwe.

Okuqukethwe okungaqondakali okunenhlanhla engavamile. Imisebenzi yayo ihlolwe ngokuqondile nesakhiwo esinjalo. Ivalela ukuhambisa ama-antigens egazini, ihlunga ama-bacteria, ama-virus, ama-microbes nezinye izidumbu futhi ikhiqize izifo zamagciwane kanye nama-lymphocyte ezivikela umzimba ezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Iphinde iqoke amaseli egazi "ngaphandle kwelanga" egazini futhi "isebenzisa". Ukhonza u-spleen kanye nohlobo lwe-accumulator yegazi elikhishwe ngesikhathi sokulahlekelwa igazi okunamandla, nensimbi esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-hemoglobin.

Kungani umzimba womuntu ungahlupheki kulezo zimo lapho, ngenxa yezizathu zezokwelapha, isilwane sisusiwe kuso? Imisebenzi yayo ithathwa yi-lymph nodes futhi, kufanele ivunyelwe, inhle kakhulu ekusebenzelaneni nayo.

Ngabe kunjalo odokotela basendulo abakhipha kahle abagijimi be-spleen abagijimi, ukuze bangabi "ekala" futhi bawavimbele ekunqobeni ama- laurel ama-curtain? Odokotela basimanje bathi ababengaphambi kwabo kuleli cala bonke bajabule. Akukhona nje ukuthi akungabazeki ukuthi ukungabi khona kwengubo kungathinta isivinini sokugijima, ngakho-ke ngisho nabantu, lapho umzimba ususiwe, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisinciphisa. Noma kunjalo, izitho ezingaphezulu zenza ukuhlunga igazi futhi zinciphisa izitha eziningi zomzimba, ngcono. Ngakho esikhathini sethu sokususa sisebenzise kuphela ezimweni zokulimala, futhi ngezifo ezithile ezithile zegazi. Futhi ngokuqondene nezifo ze-spleen ngokwabo, i-infarction yayo iyinqubo engavamile futhi engebuhlungu, lapho umzimba uphulukiswa khona, ngokuvamile, ngokuzimela. Nezifo eziyisibili, okushiwo, njengoba sesishilo kakade, isilwane sithandwa, siphathwa kanye nezifo eziyinhloko.