City Uzbekistan - Kokand

Insimu Uzbekistan sise-mgwaqo yemizila yasendulo yezohwebo yokuxhuma Ekude eMpumalanga Eseduze naseYurophu. Akumangazi ukuthi phakathi imizi yakhe amasayithi amaningi kangaka lasendulo, aziwa ngisho eRoma yasendulo. Namuhla Kokand e Uzbekistan ingenye yalezi nemizana, umlando lapho iphindela endulo. Uma lo muzi ngisho kwadingeka isimo wedolobha.

Kokand e Uzbekistan

Ezinsukwini eSoviet Union ensimini ka Kokand zonyaka eziningana umsebenzi wokuvundulula kwenziwa, ngenxa lapho izindonga lasendulo futhi izisekelo izakhiwo omkhulukazi okuqondene ubudala l-ll n atholakele. e.

Kodwa ososayensi asigcini ngomlando walo muzi kuphela kulesi sikhathi, beyeka nakakhulu. Sikhishwe yokuthi komnikazi uvele maphakathi okuthiwa Sokh isiziba, kuthathwa ngokuthi kule Vll ekhulwini BC. e endaweni Kokand kwakukhona imizana unomphela abalimi basendulo, ukwakhiwa Hydro ekhethekile ukuze banisele amasimu abo.

Kamuva ukhuluma komuzi zitholakala amarekhodi abahambi Arab ngubani ukuchaza edolobheni, indawo okuyinto cishe ifaniswe Kokand. Ngo Arabic ubizwa ngokuthi amarekhodi noma Hovakendom Hokandom.

abahambi Arab kanye abahwebi bahluleka miss kulo muzi, njengoba yayibizwa esisogwini emzileni wezohwebo ophakathi India, China nasePheresiya.

Ferghana esifundeni

Isimo sezulu kulo Uzbekistan futhi Kokand e esihluke ethile liphinyiselwe iyehla iyenyuka zonyaka kanye ngokucijile ezwekazini. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukungabi wokunisela zemvelo kudinga umzamo ngokuqhubeka izitshalo ayakhala, ngaphandle kwalokho kakho isizwe ngeke siphile.

Ngenxa yalokhu endaweni ekhethekile kumephu Uzbekistan ithatha Ferghana esifundeni, idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke okuyinto Kokand. Nokho, sokuqondisa lingumuzi Fergana.

Ferghana esifundeni iyahluka kwenye nezinye izifunda Uzbekistan sezulu esipholile, umoya ohlanzekile enempilo. Naphezu esincane elifanayo kwezulu, njengoba kwezinye izindawo kuleli zwe, uhlelo Ferghana Valley inikeza ingqikithi enezimo ezingcono wezolimo, njengoba ivikelwe imimoya ebusika, njengalawo ekuleli Inhlabathi Tashkent isiziba.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, esifundeni has amanzi umcebo omkhulu Syrdarya emfuleni, Isfayramsay, Isfara futhi Soh, amakhulu amaningi eminyaka uvumele abalimi bendawo sikhule ukotini kanye nemifino enhlobonhlobo.

umnotho Kokand

Uzbekistan lifaka wesine emhlabeni ngokuya yegolide, futhi inani ukukhiqizwa yonyaka ka ensimbini eyigugu - owesikhombisa. Nokho, ukusekelwa kwangempela emnothweni Uzbek besilokhu kubhekwe ezolimo, okuyinto kuyinsakavukela ezweni, naphezu yinkimbinkimbi sezulu.

Kusukela umnotho nalehleliwe eU.SSR Uzbekistan eliyifa ezolimo kunalokho okuyisidina, ezikhethekile ikakhulu emsebenzini wokukhiqiza ukotini, okuyinto ngesikhathi kubusa iSoviet cishe sekube monoculture.

Nokho, ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union kwezolimo mkhuba ngokushesha sobala ngase ethula ukwehluka ekukhiqizweni. Abaningi ezindaweni waqala ukuhlwanyela kakolweni, okuyinto iyathela ngokusebenzisa agronomic ezikhulayo kakhulu ngonyaka efanele ngonyaka.

Futhi-ke, kusukela lathola uzimelegeqe liye landa inani abakhiqizi abazimele, abafuna kwanelise isidingo umthengi ukhona emakethe Uzbekistan. Kokand, isibonelo, ngokukhethekile ukucutshungulwa ukukhiqizwa ukotini kanye nokudla.

Umlando omude ikoloni

Ngaphambi ube ingxenye yoMbuso isiRashiya, ensimini ka Uzbekistan futhi Kokand kwaba ezimele futhi waba ukumelana namandla emasosheni Russian. Ukungqubuzana phakathi Kokand Khanate, elaliyisikhungo zezombusazwe kwedolobha Kokand, futhi Russian Empire sokuqala senzeka ngo-1850, lapho Insimu Khanate yahlasela ezimbili lamabutho ibutho.

Impi ne Russia asuswe maphakathi isimo, ehlanganisa uchungechunge izibhelu ahlomile eyathatha iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili, umphumela kwaba ukusayinwa kwesivumelwano ukuhweba ephenduphendukayo Khanate, futhi nalo eBukhara Emirate, usesimweni emalini Russia.

Kokand e Uzbekistan usenayo izikhundla ezikhethekile, okuyinto waveza ikakhulukazi ekuthuthukiseni enkulu umkhakha futhi inani elikhulu amabhizinisi service. Ngokwesibonelo, e Kokand kuyinto ekuphathweni ujantshi we Fergana esifundeni, naphezu lokho ubhekwa sokuqondisa se Fergana.

Uzbekistan

Kokand, ekubeni elinye lamadolobha amadala kakhulu ezweni, izivakashi eziningi ezazivela eYurophu, e-Russia kanye neMpumalanga Ekude, ikakhulukazi China. Nokho, okokuqala izivakashi akanandaba isayithi bemivubukulo wemizi yasendulo, kanye namagugu yezakhiwo kwesikhathi sekwephuzile we Khanate ka Kokand kanye nenkathi yamaSoviet, kusukela esikhathini colonialism Uzbek sesakhiwo nandaba.

Omunye ezikhangayo enkulu yedolobha kunesigodlo soMbusi Khudoyar Khan, indoda yasayina isivumelwano eyodwa emaceleni noMbuso isiRashiya, ngaleyo ndlela ukuqeda kutimela isimo.

Lokhu esigodlweni kungukukhonjiswa okunethezeka nokuzihlonipha, ngokuba nezingxabano wokwenama, futhi wayecabanga lidlule bonke ubuhle bayo kuye eyakhelwe esigodlweni Khan. Nokho, isakhiwo sayo yaqedwa cishe eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kokunqotshwa Kokand, kanye nesigodlo yaphenduka lesikhumbuzo ukuze yizinto zesikhathi esidlule.