Izikhangibavakashi: Shlisselburg. Shlisselburg inqaba

Shlisselburg, isithombe ongenza kuye isifiso ukuvakashela, - sokuqondisa ngebhange kwesokunxele iNeva ngokuqondile Lake Ladoga, e-amakhilomitha amabili nane empumalanga Petersburg.

Umlando we edolobheni

Lo muzi wasendulo has a umlando onothileko eziningi ezikhangayo. Shlisselburg yasungulwa ngo 1323 by Prince Yuri Danilovich. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi kuqhubeke Nut Island, lapho kwakukhona amahlozi hazel, yasungulwa inqaba lokhuni elinegama elifanayo. Ngokwemibiko ethile igama yokuqala endaweni kwaba ngenxa yokuthi phezu kwalesi sendaweni encane kakhulu efana isesimweni nut.

AbaseSweden wazama kaningana ukunqoba inqaba ukusunduza Novgorod kusuka ezweni izungezwe ukujula, kodwa imizamo yabo kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu lesikhombisa abaphumelelanga. Kodwa ngo-1613 le nqaba lathunjwa. Nabasunguli uqambe kabusha ke Noteburg. Kancane engaphansi kwekhulu sekudlule ngaphambi kwesikhathi lapho ibutho sikaPeter Omkhulu e 1702 wakwazi ukunqoba le nqaba.

Ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka embalwa endaweni waqala ukwakha nemizana eminingi. Futhi kakade 1780 kule ndawo yanikezwa i-status edolobheni. Namuhla, izivakashi ukuza lapha ukuze ubone zokungcebeleka zayo.

Shlisselburg namuhla

Okwamanje, idolobha - kungcono eziyinkimbinkimbi agcwele, elihlanganisa izikhumbuzo emlandweni futhi yokwakha okuqondene ezihlukahlukene sezakhiwo ezisukela ekhulwini weshumi nane kuze seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Noma kunjalo, isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele kunazo kuba inqaba. Shlisselburg - edorobheni elincani. Cishe ihlala abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu.

Lokhu isigodi esincane yesifundazwe akuyona esichumayo umkhakha noma ezinkulu izikhungo, kuhlanganise yezitolo. Yakhelwe ngasekuqaleni elidlule leminyaka Shipyard njengamanje imi lingamanxiwa. Nokho, umlando idolobha kanye namathafa alo amahle - babe ezikhangayo yabo. Schlisselburg ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe kwaba iphuzu ukuzivikela phezu izindlela emzini ovinjezelwe ku iNeva. Through the inqaba bashiye izakhamuzi Leningrad imikhiqizo yingakho ilethwa. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, kwaba emnyuziyamu omkhulu ngaleyo minyaka enzima.

zokungcebeleka

Ngaphandle le nqaba, edolobheni ungabona enjalo izikhumbuzo emangalisayo yezakhiwo efana ibandla St Nicholas Cathedral of the kukaJesu Ioanna Predtechi kanye Annunciation, indlwana encane Kazan Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Abaningi e Shlisselburg neminyuziyamu anikezelwe izibhamu oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, umlando walo muzi. Kukhona futhi walondoloza eyingqayizivele ngempela kwemisebenzi yobunjiniyela, osale le Ladoga canal ubudala. Lokhu sluice egwadle eyakhelwe phakathi nekhulu-nesishiyagalolunye, ibhuloho, eyakhelwe kwezinsika. ezikhumbuzo Ilondolozwe ezifana Adlalwa ezitolo, esifanekisweni uPetru mina t. D.

Ngokuvamile, Shlisselburg ibalazwe zendawo Yisimanga ngamandla alo. Izivakashi yamjabulisa ukuza lapha ukubheka isakhiwo emangalisayo.

Oreshek inqaba

Shlisselburg wayehlale phesheya emngceleni Swedish. Kungenxa yokuthi lapha lakhiwa inqaba yasendulo. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalesi izinqaba esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe okuvimbezela ezijulile. Kodwa izakhiwo lokhuni emva komlilo kwakudingeka zishintshwe ukuze amkhande ngawo. Fortress usebhekene izinguquko ezithile: anda endaweni yayo, futhi izindonga wasukuma ukuze pyatnadtsatimetrovoy ukuphakama.

Kodwa kwasheshe elahlekile okukushoyo ukuzivikela futhi buye baba enye amajele okubi kakhulu kuleli zwe. Iziboshwa agcinwa isiboshwa ezingcolile futhi manzi evalelwe yedwa. isiphetho esibuhlungu kwaba esifana nokufa. Ithuba ukubaleka lapha ayinazo.

Okokuqala lapha baboshwa asebukhosini: inkosikazi yokuqala Petra Lopuhina, udadewabo Maria A. nabanye. Kwakukhona imisho ukukhonza nezikhonzi ahlaza. Futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, lokhu ukudalelwa awuphasiswa nabafundisi. Novikov, Krechetov, Karamzin, futhi kusukela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, le Decembrists Bestuzhev, Kyuhelbekker, Leo - bonke afakwe nut.

Ngemva Februwari Revolution, iziboshwa inqaba bekhululiwe izihlubuki ezisebenza Shlisselburg. Izakhiwo ejele ashiswa.

Esikhathini eko kanye namathathu banesifo esibi ezisebenza egatsheni Museum of the Okthoba Revolution.

Phakathi ikhefu nokuvinjezelwa kweLeningrad ngoJanuwari, amane nantathu, eziningi ezikhangayo ezibhujisiwe. Shlisselburg, owanibizela Petrokrepost kuleyo minyaka, labhujiswa ezinzima. Yakhululwa edolobheni e-January 1943, i-Leningrad Front bomlilo, osekelwa Baltic Fleet, futhi kwabuyiselwa eminyakeni yangemva kwempi. Esikhathini nineties zakuqala kwekhulu elidlule ke waphindiselwa igama layo mlando - inqaba Shlisselburg.

Cathedral of uSanta uJohane uMbhapathizi

Lapho ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesikhombisa, abaseSweden, sibambe Isikhathi Nezinkinga, waqala ukuthandana okuhlukumezayo imingcele enyakatho ntshonalanga yeRussia, ukuwa lokuqala inqaba. Futhi lapho Russian iphinde ithunjwe enqabeni, into yokuqala baqala ubheke isithonjana Kazan uNina kaNkulunkulu, ohlonishwa ngisho eminyakeni wokubusa Ivan le Kubi. Indaba emangalisayo yesithombe namuhla utshele ngesikhathi iziqondiso uhambo e Shlisselburg. It kuvela awela omunye inqaba elise Prinevskoye izikhungo ezingokomoya. Isithonjana itholakala lapha indlwana encane. Ngaphambi ukulethwa abavikeli lenqaba bricked odongeni, okuyinto aguqulwa ukuba esontweni ngokugcoba abaseSweden. Ngakho isithonjana idle sekudlule cishe ikhulu leminyaka.

Ladoga canal

Lo mzila wamanzi uxhuma Ladoga egudle uMfula iNeva emfuleni Volkhov. Namuhla Shlisselburg kukhona iziteshi ezimbili okuhambisana nomunye, wakha ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalombili Staraya Ladoga, eyagcina wawusomile futhi yene, futhi Ladoga - kuqhathaniswa entsha. Isebenza kuze kube yilolu suku.

Staroladozhsky owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi njengoba uMbusi Petra Velikogo Canal. Lakhiwa yinkosi-wezinguquko futhi ubude cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi amabili amakhilomitha.

Ngokwe Iphrojekthi yokuqala, yayakhiwe ngaphandle sivala. isiteshi ukujula - 210 ngamasentimitha ngezansi kwezinga Lake Ladoga. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala labakhi kancane imisiwe ngenxa osonkontileka abanganaki ekwenzeni ibhizinisi. Ngo 1723 uPetru wayengomunye ukuzihlolela isakhiwo, ngaphambilini kokuboshwa kwala sluice German sezingcweti. Ukwakhiwa isimo isiteshi ithathe.

Ngo 1726, endaweni ephakathi edolobhaneni Volkhov kanye Black wayephezu, waqala ukuhamba nemikhumbi, yashesha kakhulu umsebenzi. Abangu-yesibili ka Okthoba 1730 ukwakhiwa isiteshi kuqedile. Ngaleso sikhathi kwaba isakhiwo ngobukhulu wokubacindezela eYurophu.

Cathedral of the Annunciation

Ekuqaleni e 1726 esontweni lokhuni lakhiwa endaweni yayo. Nokho, ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka amane, kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo itshe.

Ngesikhathi sobandlululo nge Church of the uhulumeni wamaSoviet ngo-1935 ivaliwe lombhishobhi, kodwa iminyaka zamabutho Omkhulu Patriotic of amalungu esonto ke uvulekele futhi lasetshenziswa kulo lonke impi. Ngemuva kokuwina futhi idluliselwe wesifunda.

Cathedral Square ngokwako yombango kanye nezinye izakhiwo ngokulinganayo omangalisayo. Esikhathini isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili isananyathiselwe kwaba lapha. Kusukela ngo-1990, ukubuyiselwa St Nicholas Church, futhi ngemva konyaka - of Cathedral of the Annunciation. At the site i yesonto ezindala zamapulangwe Yakhiwa Kazan, eyakhelwe imidwebo ngu umakhi Ershov.

Petrovsky kwebhuloho

Kutholwe eduze Cathedral of the Chain Annunciation Ibhuloho siyizinsalela yangaphambili okwesikhashana - Petrovsky kunomsele esasetshenziswa kusuka 1826 kuze 1832. Lase sikuhlomele ngeminwe eyeluliweyo draw, ngamunye eyayintula ubude amamitha ayisishiyagalombili nengxenye. Ibhuloho inikeza ngombono omangalisayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kuba lalisemzileni oya ezimayini Staraya Ladoga emseleni, futhi ngakolunye - ihange Admiralty njengoba isikhathi uPetru, okuyinto ephakanyiswe kusuka phansi iNeva e Shlisselburg.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe edolobheni Shlisselburg

Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke lezi - emnyuziyamu yomlando komuzi. It yadalwa ngo-1990. Lapha ungabona umlando Shlisselburg, ufunde mayelana ukwakhiwa kwalesi Ladoga iziteshi dlula textile imboni, kanye umlando saseNevsky igceke lemikhumbi.

Enye Museum, okuthiwa "Phula Siege of Leningrad", anikezelwe ukusebenza "Iskra", lapho ukuvinjelwa waphula waphinde Leningrad zokuxhumana umhlaba. Diorama kuhlelwe ibhange kwesokunxele eya Ladoga ibhuloho. ihholo wakhe yesikhumbuzo wavulwa lwesikhombisa ngoMeyi 1985. Lapha ungakwazi ukubona umdwebo ku amamitha amane nabunane ububanzi.

Kukhona ezivulekile eminyuziyamu Shlisselburg. Ngokwesibonelo, preddioramnaya endaweni - embukisweni evulekile, elibonisa nezempi. Kukhona amathangi yangempela ahlanganyela kulo Battle kweLeningrad. Abaningi babo bakhulela kusuka phansi emfuleni iNeva noma kwamaxhaphozi elizungezile futhi ibuyiselwe. Phakathi ziphephile futhi muthi oyingqayizivele osekhona nokuvinjelwa Leningrad.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe kwezibhamu asolwandle Shlisselburg - liphinde embukisweni ezivulekile nokuchaza. Lapha ziqoqwa izibhamu anti-aircraft, kokubili izikhathi ezempi kanye post-yimpi. Bona adiliza kusukela imikhumbi futhi agcinwe izimpahla eMnyango Wezokuvikela. Izibhamu yabuyiselwa futhi efakwe Ukunqoba kwakhe sixtieth.

edolobheni charm

Namuhla Shlisselburg - idolobha yesifundazwe, lapho kungenzeka ukuhambahamba amahora engaphansi kwemithathu. Kodwa-ke has siqu charm yayo ekhethekile. Ihlala e mlando esigcawini main, ezitaladini onokuthula kancane agugile, a berths ambalwa zokunganaki. Futhi okubaluleke - kuba amazwi esingachazeki kwenkundla olunothile yobukhosi Lake Ladoga, iziteshi layo eliyingqayizivele ukuthi ukuxhuma port nalo lonke Shlisselburg futhi awuvikele amanzi elinezinkathazo.

Izicupho nenqaba ubudala, ungenakunqotshwa umoya izikhathi futhi namanje ezithinta kakhulu-uhambo imibhoshongo yawo ephakeme futhi izindonga. Lena engavamile ubuhle endaweni, oluvela iNeva.