Izinhlobo imisebenzi yasebhange. Settlement kanye cash amasevisi. Operations amabhange izibambiso

Ngaphambi uyazi ukuthi, kukhona izinhlobo imisebenzi yasebhange, kubalulekile ukubhekana ezinye izincazelo ezibalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, kuyini kakhulu sikhungo ehilelekile? Ngo amagama kwezomnotho yesimanje, ibhange izenzo njengoba umnyango wezezimali kanye credit, ukuze afeze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kokubili imali kanye izibambiso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi igunyaziwe ukuhlinzeka zonke izinhlobo zokwelapha ukuze abantu abahlukahlukene nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho, kanye, yebo, uhulumeni. Ungase uyibone ngeso lengqondo lesi sakhiwo njengoba inhlangano commercial wadala ukukhulisa inzuzo, ukuze afeze imisebenzi ethile yasebhange futhi unikeza amalungelo akhethekile ukuheha izimali ezivela besithathu bese okuwenza aqondane egameni lakhe.

Ukwahlukaniswa main

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla cishe njalo umqondo has a typology ezithile. Ngakho, kungenzeka ukuhlonza ezinye yasebhange imisebenzi eyisisekelo. Kukhona kuphela ezintathu:

• ukuheha zakwamanye imali;
• credit imisebenzi;
• edonsa amakhasimende amasha.

Cabanga ngazo zonke izindlela. Ngakho, uhlobo lokuqala kuhloswe ukhulisa izimali uma izimo zamukelwa ukuba abantu babulawelwe kuzo ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphothulwa isivumelwano phakathi izinhlangano. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, credit zokukhokhelwa zihlukaniswa yokuthi izimali abathintekayo ngaphambilini labelwe yibhange egameni lalo kanye ukugcwala ngokuhambisana inkontileka, ecacisa imigomo nemibandela ukubuya. Uhlobo lwesithathu kubalulekile ngoba, njenganoma iyiphi enye inhlangano, ukuze kubuyekezwe uhlaka zezimali idinga ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo. Ukulondoloza ubuhlobo ekhona futhi Luhambo njalo amaklayenti entsha kumele inikezwe ngokwakha evumayo nangenkathi kokunika amandla imvelo ngokubambisana.

additional species

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, yonke imisebenzi ýkhasýmende nakuyi zingahlukaniswa zibe yekwentiwa. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka is ngokwesiko kuchasiselwe sokubolekwayo. Lona main uhlobo umsebenzi, lapho isakhiwo ngenhla echazwe uthola imali. imikhiqizo Bank credit ngokuvamile enze inzuzo kusukela isithakazelo ukuthi amakhasimende akhokhe njalo ngenyanga izakhamuzi ngenxa yemisebenzi ababeyenzile. Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi Izinga lenzalo yemali mboleko lapho ukwenza ukuthenga esebenzayo kumele singeqi izinkomba usayizi kanye nezikweletu. Zonke ezinye izinkonzo ezenziwa isakhiwo yasebhange bangabizwa ngokuthi inani ukubala, okuyinto yena, nazo ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana eziyisisekelo.

Ngakho, imisebenzi inkokhelo zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo: utshalomali nomsebenzi imali, kanye yokonga imali. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le yokugcina nesikhundla indima ebalulekile ikakhulukazi emkhakheni yasebhange amasevisi. Lona ifomu eziyisisekelo imisebenzi yokwenziwa. Umgomo oyinhloko noma iyiphi ezifakwa konke le nokwengezwa kancane kancane izimali ebhange etholakalayo. Inkokhelo ukuthengiselana yalolu hlobo anikezwa-akhawunti izikhungo hhayi kuphela ezinkulu esimweni, kodwa futhi sisincane nezinhlangano ezizimele futhi abantu ngabanye abafisa ukuphathisa ebhange ethile imali yabo.

Banking imisebenzi: ukuthuthukiswa

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umsebenzi zalezi zakhiwo njalo futhi ngokuqhubekayo ngaphansi amasevisi kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi universalization, bese enikeziwe babe wehlukile. izinhlobo enwetshiwe imisebenzi yasebhange, washintsha inhlangano zabasebenzi. Ukuvela izinhlobo enomsebenzi okunemibandela ekuzuzeni abalulekile inzuzo engenayo, balandela ukuze unciphise ingozi. Lezi zinyathelo abe nomthelela omuhle ukuqhubeka off-balance sheet imisebenzi esingenakubalwa nangokunembile isibaluli iyiphi imali yekwentiwa futhi esebenzayo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlobo ethulwa zokukhokhelwa yasebhange ingangeni kule-balance sheet, futhi wathola kuzo, uKhomishane lungekho ngaphansi intela.

imisebenzi Off-balance sheet eyaziwa isikhathi eside, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva uva funa. Ngezenzo kuyanda izinhlobo zalo ezimbili: isitokwe nezinkonzo ezingokwezimali. Lezi ngokuvamile zihlanganisa izenzo zokuphatha, imisebenzi zokweluleka, kanye ukuhlela tax nemisebenzi kwesabelomali. Iphinde kufanele sinake okubizwa ngokuthi isiqinisekiso ibhizinisi. Wabuye eyenani off-balance sheet imisebenzi. Isici ehlukile wukuthi ibhange kulesi simo akuyona kuphela umlamuleli kodwa futhi njengoba umhlanganyeli oqondile kunoma iyiphi kuthengiselana. Amasevisi ngenhla zinomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni isiyonke imisebenzi yezimali isakhiwo okukhulunywa ngakho, ngoba ukuvumela ukunweba imikhawulo yohlelo lokusebenza.

izibambiso

Leli gama lisho ukuthini igama elithi idokhumenti okuyinto etshengisa amalungelo endawo nempahla ehambisana nayo, futhi unekhono self-handling emakethe futhi kungaba kuncike agcwele kunoma imuphi umsebenzi (isibonelo, ukuthengwa nokudayiswa). Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izibambiso, zisenza sibe wesikhathi esisodwa noma imali njalo futhi kungenziwa labizwa ngokuthi uhlobo imali dolobha. Ngenxa yalokho, ukudluliswa kwemibhalo efana izenzo izimisele emva entry encwadini okubhalwa ekhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usungowomunye kusho ukudluliselwa wonke amalungelo kulo.

Izibambiso avame ukusetshenziswa inhlangano imisebenzi kanye nokusebenza ngempumelelo izinhlangano ezehlukene commercial. Hlukanisa credit (zezikweletu izibopho) nokukhokhwa amathuluzi (amasheke). Zonke lezi zincwadi zibizwa kunqotjhwe ngalo ukunikela ukudluliswa elula okusheshayo amalungelo indaba ezofundwa nendlela kunoma nezinye izinzuzo. Ngakho, yonke imisebenzi kwamabhange izibambiso zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• ukukhipha imibhalo yayo yalolu hlobo;
• izenzo namaklayenti izinto.

Ngemva kokuthola ilayisensi ekhethekile ngenhla izakhiwo Unelungelo ukwethemba ukuphathwa imibhalo ekhiqizwa ngokuhambisana nesivumelwano asenza zomthetho kakhulu, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukuba bafeze imisebenzi ebhange okulandelayo izibambiso: daba, ukudayiswa, ukuthenga, isitoreji kanye accounting izinto ngenhla echazwe, ezisetshenziswa njengoba imibhalo ukukhokhelwa. Lokhu kusiza ukuheha imali akhawunti banknotes kanye imali.

Ezahlukene ababolekisi unekhono afeze imisebenzi elandelayo wezimali: nomthengisi, nomdayisi, Depository kanye izibambiso ukuphathwa, ukuphathwa irejista lemihlomulo kubanikazi Yiqiniso, incazelo izibopho kwabo bobabili phakathi kwamaqembu ubambisana. Ake sidingide ikhanda ngalinye lwezinhlobo ngenhla kwemisebenzi kabanzi. Ngakho, isigaba sokuqala sihilela ikhomishini ukuthengiselana yasebhange bezentengiselwano uhlobo ngezindleko zakhe siqu futhi siqu igama layo efanayo. Sici sici yokuthi kuphela inhlangano yawo ibe esemthethweni ingaba njengesihluthulelo nomthengisi. Isigaba sesibili imisebenzi ichazwe amadili, lapho ngamabhange kukhona ummeli kuphela noma ikhomishini, futhi zonke izenzo zakhe zibangelwa isivumelwano efanele. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, umsebenzi depositary sivezwe kula amasevisi yikhomishini ukugcina izitifiketi amalungelo akhawunti. Nalapha futhi, lesi sici iyatholakala kubantu ngokomthetho kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi isiphelo sesimiso okuthiwa sivumelwano Depository ayisona ngezizathu ukudluliselwa kobunikazi.

Konke okwenziwe amabhange yentengiso izikweletu ezihlobene isigaba ukuphathwa, okuhloswe ngazo ikhomishana ithemba izibambiso oda. Kulokhu, isenzo kumele kwenziwe egameni isakhiwo amaholo ngaphambilini bavumelana isikhathi yesivumelwano esivuna umuntu asenze isivumelwano esifanayo ne ebhange. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukudluliselwa kobunikazi uyakuba necala hhayi kuphela izibambiso, kodwa futhi imali, okuzokwenza ke iyitshalwa kubo, kanye izinto okubangelwa ukuphathwa. Ekugcineni, siphawula ukuthi umsebenzi ukusula umlingisi ichaza izibopho mutual amaqembu. Kungenzeka amacala, izinguquko nokubuyisana ulwazi ukuthenga okuthile okufaka izibambiso nokulungiselelwa okwalandela kwemibhalo ahlukahlukene ezimali.

umsebenzi ngqo amaklayenti

Settlement kanye cash amasevisi - esinye isici esibalulekile amabhange, okuhilela ukusebenza nabantu nezinhlangano ezingokomthetho. umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu ukumela amaklayenti baye ziqondiswe lahlukene amasevisi. Lungase luhlanganise kokubili isitoreji nokusingatha, kanye yokubhaliswa izimali. Ngakho, amasevisi ukuphathwa cash zingahlukaniswa izigaba eziningana eziyinhloko: non-cash, ukheshi kanye exchange angaphandle ukuthengiselana, kanye ekuzuzeni. Ukuze yokuphathwa kwezimali ephumelelayo amabhange sipho amaphakheji yakhelwe. Kusukela kubo ungakhetha lowo engcono ihlangabezana nezimfuneko iklayenti nokulindelekile.

Non-cash ukuthengiselana

Izibalo ezingenhla ngokwesiko libhekene i eyiyo wonke ama-oda, isaziso esihleliwe engenayo nephumayo izimali, ukulungiselela nokuzithoba kokubili imiphumela wesikhashana wokugcina zonke inqubo. Ukulawula oda beqhuba imali ukuthengiselana yalolu hlobo Kwenziwa futhi ibhange, futhi uxhumane ikhasimende ke. Dlulisa zihambisana kanye nemiyalelo phakathi yalezi izinhlangothi ezimbili kwenzeka esebenzisa izindlela ezimbili. Eyokuqala - Classic - kuhilela ukulethwa imibhalo iphepha mathupha noma ummeleli. Indlela yesibili ngenkuthalo kuyanda phezu kule minyaka embalwa edlule. Lokhu yasebhange inthanethi. Le ndlela ukulawula kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukude usebenze izimali. Uhlelo ezihlongozwayo isivele iyasetshenziswa izinhlangano eziningi, ngoba yonke imisebenzi nezimfuneko ingathunyelwa nge-inthanethi, okuvumela ukuba ngokushesha futhi ngokushesha silandele oda.

lwemali ukuthengiselana

Inkampani ngamunye has zayo siqu akhawunti yamasheke ebhange. Ukulandisa okunjalo kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa ukwenziwa izinhlobo yokwenziwa imali, kusukela Umgomo oyinhloko ukunikeza ukufinyelela okusheshayo futhi okuthembekile Ikhredithi izimali ngemigudu oda ahlukahlukene. I-akhawunti yasebhange ingenziwa ruble futhi izimali zakwamanye amazwe. Inketho yokugcina kabanzi lisetshenziswe umcimbi ukuthi inhlangano isebenza nge imali yamaphepha angaphandle. Ezimweni ezinjalo, uzodinga ukuvula akhawunti amathathu: zamanje, zokuthutha kanye accounting. Eyokuqala kuyadingeka ukuze kulahlwe ngokushesha lwemali olukhona, irekhodi wesibili, babethola imali, kanti eyesithathu isetshenziswa ukuba alandise ngala lwemali uthenge emakethe yasekhaya. ebhange izimali zakwamanye amazwe imisebenzi akhawunti ukunikeza umnikazi walo nge zinsiza: wokutholakala ukudayiswa okwalandela amanothi ukuze ikhasimende ukuze; imisebenzi ukuguqulwa; ukudayiswa ezimakethe zangaphandle; ukudluliswa kusho ngokuvumelana waphetha yokungenisa-ukuthekelisa ukuthengiselana umnikazi.

ekuzuzeni

Behind le itholakala i term ezithakazelisayo kabanzi umsebenzi - ukukhokhelwa ikhomishini nge-credit card lapho ukhokhela izimpahla ezehlukene kanye nezinsizakalo Izitolo okudayisa. Izenzo ezinjalo zitholakala kuphela ngemuva kokuphothulwa isivumelwano esihlukile. Inhlangano ukuthi unesibopho ekunikezeni izinsizakalo ngenhla, ukubizwa ngokuthi acquirer. Eminye imithwalo yemfanelo ihlanganisa ukuhlinzeka nokufaka imishini ezifanele Izitolo okudayisa, kanye nokugcinwa yabo eyalandela, yebo, ukuqaliswa ngesikhathi esifanele zonke emisebenzini ehlobene nokusetshenziswa amakhadi epulasitiki. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amathuba afanayo ayatholakala ukuthola izinkokhelo nge-Internet. Kulezi zimo, ezikhumulweni abafundi ikhadi esikhundleni izinhlelo ezikhethekile, akha umthengi igcwalisa. Le sevisi ngokuthi Inthanethi olutholayo.

Ikheshi isandla

Njengazo zonke izinhlobo ngenhla kwemisebenzi yasebhange, kulesi sigaba kuhlanganisa nezenzo ukudweba izimali Client sika. Ngemva ukusayina inkontileka ukuze ixazululwe futhi imali nezinsiza inhlangano ithuba ukwakha ibhuku. Kuyadingeka ukuba athole imali, okungaba kamuva isebenze kuzo ukuze sikhokhele lolu imisebenzi yebhizinisi lenkampani, nokukhokhwa abanikezeli bempahla kanye nabasebenzi kwabasebenzi. Kuleli zwe lanamuhla, okunye okukhulu kubo bonke yamasheke eyaziwa kuyinto ikhadi lasebhange yenkampani. In parallel nomklamo walo kufika inqubo ukuvula i-akhawunti ozinikele, owawuthi isikhungo credit uzokwazi ukulandela yonke izenzo ezenziwe wakhe.

Bhalisa okwenziwayo ngamunye ngekhadi yasebhange kungaba ngasiphi isikhathi uthole isitatimende nazo zonke ematfuba uphinde ubale imali esele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngosizo amasevisi ngenhla, ungenza izinkokhelo nezindleko izigaba ezimbili: izindleko zebhizinisi kanye nezindleko phezulu kanye nezindleko ezihlobene ngokuqondile umsebenzi oyinhloko. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka is athathwa ukuthengwa imishini ihhovisi kanye zasehhovisi, adingekayo software zokuqeqesha. Ngu isigaba ukumelwa nalo udumo payment for services amasevisi ahlukahlukene ahlobene (ezifana yeposi noma courier). Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, uhlobo lwesibili izindleko ukuthi kungenziwa ukhokhelwe ngumuntu yenkampani credit card, kuhlanganisa izinkokhelo nabathengisi, ukuzijabulisa nezinto zokuhamba (eyayakhiwa yokubhuka kanye ukuthengwa amathikithi, ukukhokha yokuhlala amakamelo ehhotela kanye nabasebenzi iIgama, eziqashisayo izimoto). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi sigaba sihlanganisa izinkokhelo izinkontileka okungukuthi amasevisi zihlobene ngokuqondile indlela eyinhloko yomsebenzi wezomnotho. Khumbula ukuthi zonke izindleko owethulwe inkokhelo yenkampani credit card, kubalulekile ukuba kuthiwe intela accounting kuphela uma ezilungisiwe kusekelwa imibhalo efanele ngaphansi zamanje Tax Code. Ngakho, umsebenzi ngenhla echazwe inikeza inhlangano eziningi izici awusizo futhi kuyindlela yokuxazulula anhlobonhlobo izicelo. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• yokuncishiswa inqubo zokuhlala ohlelweni lwemali angaphandle;
• ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha ukuthembeka izinqubo (kwehlisa amathuba ukulahleka noma ukweba imali lokushonelwa wakhe kalula, ungakwazi ukukhiya ikhadi);
• abalulekile ukonga isikhathi (asikho isidingo emgqeni emahhovisi yasebhange);
• ukufinyelela iwashi ithuba finance (isib ukwandisa noma ukunciphisa umkhawulo ekhona);
• ukunikeza control elula okusheshayo izindlela balandise (yokuxhuma i-SMS imininingwane, kanye ukugcwaliseka izicelo sicashunwa lesitsetfwe izindleko olunemininingwane ethe xaxa);
• ukuhlinzeka kokuhlukana ukuphathwa, kuye ngokuthi imodeli yatholwa (abasebenzi ukwahlukanisa amakhadi ngemacembu noma ngibopha zonke akhawunti eyodwa, baye umkhawulo ezivamile);
• lokuthuthukiswa kwabamnyama (ukuqaliswa inombolo enkulu izinkokhelo, isamba semali izinkokhelo amanani kude okwedlula ukubaluleka etholakalayo ukubala besebenzisa imali ebhange amanothi, kanye ukuthenga nge-Internet).

Ekuphetheni

Ngokusekelwe osekushiwo, singaphetha ngokuthi imisebenzi yasebhange ahloselwe ukuxhumana eduze ne isikhungo sezezimali ebuzwa ikhasimende futhi zihlanganisa anhlobonhlobo amasevisi ahlukahlukene. Kodwa zonke izitayela eliyisisekelo elifanayo angabhekwa izinhlobo ezimbili. Kuyinto amasevisi ngesikweletu kanye nokuphathwa kwezimali. Lezi zihlanganisa ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi akhawunti asebhange, imibhalo ukukhokhelwa, ukubhalisa isheke izincwadi, ngokukhipha izitifiketi edingekayo kanye nezitatimende mayelana nesimo akhawunti yekhasimende, izinyathelo ngamakhadi plastic nokuningi.