Prince Yury eMoscow: Biography, umlando, nokubusa kanye nenqubomgomo

Yury eMoscow (1281-1325) kwaba eyizibulo Prince uDaniyeli eMoscow Alexandrovich futhi umzukulu olukhulu Aleksandra Nevskogo. Ekuqaleni ebusa Pereslavl, bese e Moscow, nge 1303 Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe wayengumuntu kuyimpi nge Tver ngoba ubunye Russia asesandleni sakhe.

Ukushikashikekela yokudlondlobala

Nakuba isihloko Grand Prince uVladimir wanikeza umnikazi walo amandla cishe angenamkhawulo endaweni kwamazwe North-Eastern Russian. imoto yakhe kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso umbusi ephezulu kanye wayenalo ilungelo lokwenza bachithe ngokubona kwayo, wonke amabutho empi etholakalayo nganoma akhonze yayo, futhi ongahlulela kubo futhi iqoqe intela isihloko umhlaba kuye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba khona omunye ilungelo: naphezu ukulahlekelwa wokubusa omkhulu, it is ngokugcwele lalilokhu siqu emazweni yokhokho.

Khans, esikhundleni salokho, kufanele izithakazelo zabo lapha. Ukunika ilebula phezu uVladimir ubukhulu, safuna ukuthi isicelo inkonzo yakhe ngokungathandabuzi ehlangene nezithakazelo zoMbusi Golden zidlamlilo. Yingakho ababusi obuphakeme emazweni Russian musa njalo babe izikhulu ezinamandla kakhulu, njengoba khans wazama ahlale phezu kwalindawo yokwenziwa futhi sibalalele umbusi wabo. Kodwa ngisho ezandleni athembeke kakhulu kuya zidlamlilo izinqamuleli Grand Duke ayihlalanga isikhathi eside. Khans kulokhu babe inqubomgomo eye njalo kwaholela internecine umzabalazo abamele eziningana amagatsha ezahlukene Rurik. Ngo 1304 kule ukuphikisa langena isikhulu Yuriy Danilovich Moskovsky.

A esigabeni esisha izimpi zombango

I imbangi eyinhloko waseMoscow laqala Tver kumuntu Prince Mihaila Yaroslavicha, okuyinto eyabangela umzala umalume bonke abafowabo Danilovich. ubukhulu bakhe ngaleso sikhathi kubhekwe enamandla kakhulu, futhi balokhu kukhona intuthuko eziningi ezihunyushwe kubo okuqhubekayo internecine emzabalazweni. By the way, isikhathi eMoscow, kanye nakwamanye amazwe Russian North-Eastern, wanikeza indlela cishe kuyo yonke indawo.

A round esisha internecine ukuxabana kwaqala ngo 1304, ngemva kokufa Grand Prince Andrei Alexandrovich. Uma umfowabo, Prince Daniel eMoscow, bafa phambi akwenzayo, kule ndawo kwakuyothatha eyizibulo Yuri. Kodwa kulesi simo wazithola umzukulu Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, Mikhail Yaroslavich Abakwazi Abakwenzayo, owaba ngowokuqala kubabusi lasendulo, wathola ilebula kusukela Khan. Ukuze le nkosana waya zidlamlilo abanethemba ukuthola isihloko, futhi nalo, futhi Pereslavl.

Isixazululo Khan Uzbek

Ngesizathu esifanayo ngemva Mikhail ka Tver futhi kwalandelwa Grand Duke. Kodwa, ngendlela, owesibili wabo ithuba cishe wayengekho. Iqiniso lokuthi Daniil Moskovsky akazange unelebuli ku nokubusa okukhulu, ngakho namadodana akhe ayikwazanga abathi isihloko esiphakeme kangaka. Phela, lokhu okubekwe ngayo ngokucacile ezishiwo ngakwesokudla bese patrimonial. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, Mihail Abakwazi Abakwenzayo wangabaza ukuqhudelana iNkosana abasha eMoscow, ngakho wathumela abantu bakhe ukuba zimbophe Suzdal.

Njengoba kulotshiwe encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla, kwaba phezu kweqiniso lokuthi e-1305 namanje Mihail Yaroslavich ithole ilebula Khan ku nokubusa okukhulu Vladimir. Ngakho, kukhethwa zidlamlilo Golden yawa phezu kwezinsizwa ngingowokuqala umndeni, kodwa angizange ngisithole igunya maqondana Pereslavl. Lokhu ukungaqiniseki kuye kwaholela kwesinye kokugqashuka ubutha phakathi Mikhail ka Tver futhi eMoscow Yuri.

Ilebuli ku nokubusa okukhulu

Ngo 1315 zidlamlilo Khan, ephendula izikhalo eziningi Mihaila Tverskogo, wabiza iSikhulu eMoscow. Yury eMoscow kwakukhona iminyaka engaba mibili futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi wakwazi ukunqoba trust futhi bakhetha Uzbek ukuze e 1317 umbusi wakhetha ukunika kuye ukushada udadewabo Konchak ukuthi isitayela Orthodox waqala ukubiza Agafia. Isipho lomshado kwaba ilebula kwabasha, ayibeka Prince Yuri. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Mihail Yaroslavich walahlekelwa isikhundla sayo sokuba Grand Duke uVladimir.

Ngawo lowo nyaka likaSarayi Berke Yury eMoscow nomkakhe kanye Tartar ibutho iphansi kwesandla sika-Kavgadaya wahamba emuva. Ukwahlulela ukuthi kwabe sekwenzekani, amandla ubanzi kakhulu zanikwa isikhulu esanda kwenziwa Vladimir. Mangisho ukuthi Mihailu Tverskomu akazange ukuba ahlukane amandla, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wayesaba nanoma yiziphi izinkinga e elala zidlamlilo. Ngakho-ke, ngemva izingxoxo emfushane, isikhulu yangaphambili uVladimir waphoqeleka ukuba ayeke isihloko bese ubuyela emazweni lakubo lendabuko.

Impi nge Tver

Ukubusa Yuri Danilovich waqala neqiniso lokuthi, naphezu kwakho konke isandla kaMikayeli, wayesalokhu waya empini Tver. Ngo 1318, wabutha yonke impi yakhe, ne ukusekela zidlamlilo Kavgadaya wasondela acishe amasango omuzi. Kwakuthinta babecabanga ukuthi Tver ibhekane ukuhlaselwa kanyekanye kusukela izinhlangothi ezimbili: kusukela eningizimu-mpumalanga kuyothiwa behlaselwa Yuri Danilovich, wayala Suzdal futhi eMoscow Ratiu, futhi kusukela enyakatho-ntshonalanga isiteleka Novgorod. Kodwa icebo ayizange kwenziwe. Iqiniso ukuthi abantu Novgorod ongafikanga ngesikhathi, futhi kamuva zonke enza ukuthula no-Michael, waphenduka amabutho akhe emuva. Ukubona lesi simo, Kavgaday Suzdal futhi wayefuna ukubamba futhi ubuyele.

Leyo misebenzi Yury Danilovich futhi zidlamlilo akhe sizana kwaholela yokuthi isikhulu eMoscow kwesokunxele omunye ne Tver Ratiu. Emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke kulesi senzakalo wathi uma kwakukhona "ngokuceka okukhulu". Njengoba kungase kulindeleke, Yuri elahlekile le mpi, futhi izinsalela yempi yakhe wabaleka, Mihail Yaroslavich ethumba amaqhawe amaningi, kanye nomkakhe Agafia (Konchak), okuyinto kungakabiphi bafa besekuthunjweni. ukwaziswa okunembile izimbangela zokufa kwakhe lapho. Ngemva kwalokho, ngokuvumelana nemigomo ye-isivumelwano sokuthula, kokubili isikhulu kwadingeka ukuya zidlamlilo.

Ukubulawa Mihaila Tverskogo

Zisuka nje kwaba sobala ukuthi nangobudlova enjalo Khan Prince tando cha thethelela. Mihail Yaroslavich wazama buyisana nembangi yakhe isitha ukwazi indawo zidlamlilo. Wazithumela eMoscow, Ambassador Oleksa Marković ngemiyalo yezikhulu Yuri Danilovich wabulawa, ngemva kwalokho isikhulu nge Kavgadaem waphuthuma waya Khan. Lapho befika kule ndawo, asola Michael lokuzama ukuvukela uMbuso, esikhoselweni intela futhi ukufa Princess Agafya. enkantolo Khan wamthola futhi isigwebo sokufa ngokungafanele. Novemba 22, 1318 walethwa ukusebenza.

Onga idokhumenti - "Tver indaba" eyabhalwa ongokomoya ka Prince uMichael. It uhlobo wesigodlo Alexander ubiza eMoscow Yuri ithuluzi ezandleni Khan. Uthi isikhulu empeleni lasetshenziswa inkantolo njengoba umshushisi Mikhail Yaroslavich. Mangisho ukuthi abantu abafileyo njalo baye ohlonishwa njengomholi yiqhawe, ngakho wayesesangweni 1549 isinqumo YaseMoscow Cathedral sesibili abagcotshwa.

nesimo esisha

Ngemva ukubulawa kwabo isikhulu Tver wokubusa Yuri Danilovich kwaba kuqhathaniswa ethule iminyaka emibili ngaphezulu. Ngo 1321, kwaba sobala ukuthi yezinkinga ezinkulu kungagwenywa cha. Iqiniso lokuthi aphume lokupheleliswa kokulalela kwakhe amaningi aqala ukulishiya leli bakwa-Michael, ngingowokuqala bani, Dmitriy Abakwazi Abakwenzayo, waqala baveze izimangalo zabo isihloko ephakeme. Lokhu ukungqubuzana phakathi izikhulu ezimbili kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi amaTatar futhi wahamba wayokulwa Russia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakudingeka ukuqoqa intela khan. Ukukhombisa ukuphikisana nalokhu, e Rostov rose kuvukela samanje, ngakho Yuri Danilovich wawudinga ukuba asebenzise i ibutho lempi.

Ekugcineni umtselo okwamanje eqoqwe, kodwa ngasizathu simbe, isikhulu wakhe futhi ayizange iphumelele ezandleni Kavgadaya. Kunalokho, yena nabo bonke abantwana okungokwakhe ebusika 1321 waya Novgorod umfowabo omncane. Emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke ayikho incazelo Senzo kokwesikhulu. Izazi-mlando ucabange ukuthi lokhu kwakwenziwa uyaqaphela, futhi ingxenye izimali eziqoqiwe sasetshenziswa impi yokulwa abaseSweden. Ngasohlangothini lwalo le zidlamlilo kubhekwe ukugodla inkokhiso ubugebengu obukhulu kunabo bonke. isikhundla Wadala ngokushesha wathatha Dmitriy Mihaylovich Abakwazi Abakwenzayo, wethiwa amehlo esongelayo, futhi ekwindla ka 1322 i-Uzbek wamnika ilebula, kanjalo wayencisha uhulumeni wangaphambili lakhe-umthetho.

Futhi isikhulu moskovskiy Yuriy Danilovich futhi

Chaza kafushane okuphila kwakhe kwesikhathi esizayo kungaba kanje: okokuqala waphoqeleka ukuba abalekele, njengoba amandla aphelele manje wayenezitha yayo embi kakhulu - amadodana Mihaila Yaroslavicha Tverskogo. Ekuqaleni ayecashe Pskov, Novgorod bese, lapho ayehlala khona 1322 i 1324.

Yury inqubomgomo laseMoscow babezizwe ngokucacile kwabonisa bonke ukuthi akazange aqaphele kokubusa Dmitriya Tverskogo, uye wahlanganyela ngenkuthalo zonke ezindabeni zamazwe ngamazwe, futhi wayelokhu akubona Grand Duke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nguye owalwa nge abaseSweden, bazenzela okubizwa ngokuthi Orekhovets Treaty, sona sasungula amanye nomngcele ophakathi Sweden kanye Novgorod. Futhi ngomyalo wakhe esizeni uMfula iNeva aphume Lake Ladoga Fortress Oreshek lakhiwa-ke, lapho yinto ebaluleke ukuzivikela futhi izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ukulondolozwa ezweni Russian osongweni ekuthatheni abahlaseli yayo angaphandle eminyakeni ezayo.

Ngokuvamile, Yuri Danilovich kwaba inqubomgomo angaphandle ukuba nokuthula, njengoba ezama ukuzenza athandeke kubantu abahlala emhlabeni njengoba abaseSweden, futhi Golden zidlamlilo. Nokho, uma kudingeka, akwazi ukuthwala futhi yimpumelelo isinyathelo sezempi. Isibonelo salokhu kungaba ukukhonza njengendlela umkhankaso yakhe Ustyug. Lapha wavikela izithakazelo abantu Novgorod, owayehlushwa eziningi forays ustyuzhan.

Ukubulawa Yuri Danilovich

Dmitriy Abakwazi Abakwenzayo, ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi kwemashi Ustyug Prince waya zidlamlilo, wamlandela kuye. Wayezitshela ukuthi Yuri Danilovich okleveschet njengoba nje ubaba. Bobabili izikhulu kwadingeka impela isikhathi eside ukuze uhlale e-zidlamlilo, elinde isinqumo uKhan. Ngokushesha kwangena umfowabo Dmitriya Tverskogo, u-Alexander. Kusolwa ukuthi ayeze esikweletini kwaseSaransk zababolekisa ngemali ukuze athathe kuzo ukubolekisa entsha.

Ngo-1325, okungukuthi, ngo-November 22, kwaba ncamashi iminyaka eyisikhombisa kuya osukwini bafela ezweni we zidlamlilo Mihail Abakwazi Abakwenzayo, Dmitry nobaba baka-Alexander. Abazalwane, lolu suku abamnyama lalingekho kuphela ngosuku yenkumbulo nokulila, kodwa lwempindiselo. Iqiniso lokuthi ngosuku olwandulela umhlangano sezitha ezimbili ezingahlangani - Dmitry esongelayo amehlo futhi Yuri Danilovich. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bekusuke engozini ebulalayo futhi kwaba zonke iqhinga, akwaziwa. Kuphela Nikon Chronicle ithi Dmitry Mikhailovich wabulala Yuri Danilovich, ethemba ukuthi uzothola inhlonipho umusa senkosi yase Uzbek nefa izindawo namaholo kwesikhulu oshonile. Esinye isazi-mlando esaziwayo Russian V N. Tatischev, owayephila ngesikhathi sokutjhuguluka XVII XVIII eminyaka, emibhalweni yakhe wenza ngoba kucatshangwa ukuthi kwaba lutho ngaphandle ukuziphindiselela uyise Svoge.

NGAPHAKATHI reckoning

Dmitry Mikhailovich, Esenze lynching, kunethemba lokuthi Khan uyamthethelela iqhinga ezinjalo, njengoba kuyaziwa ukuthi ngesikhathi Prince Yury eMoscow Kwase kuyisikhathi eside ngilithanda aphume nasemseni umbusi zidlamlilo. Namkha kunjalo, njengawo umashiqela kweqiniso, Uzbeks akwazi ukuthethelela izikhonzi zakhe eziningi, kodwa hhayi nangobudlova. Ngakho into yokuqala watshela ukuthumela komzimba Prince wabulala eMoscow ezweni lakubo, futhi yayala ukuboshwa umbulali.

Umusho Khan kwadingeka alinde Ngenxa yokuqhuma cishe unyaka. Ngenxa yalokho, Dmitriy Abakwazi Abakwenzayo, enikwa isigwebo sokufa. Kungakhathaliseki ngumuntu ukuqondana ongaziwa, noma bethanda we Uzbek Khan, kuphela Prince bancishwa ukuphila ngosuku lokuzalwa kwakhe - Septhemba 15, 1326, lapho eneminyaka engu-28 kuphela ubudala. Njengoba Chronicle, naye babulawa nomunye isikhulu Russian - Aleksandra Novosilskogo. Cishe, base labangani asondelene nabo kanye ndawonye okulungiselelwe lokubulala Yuri Danilovich.

Ukuqinisa Grand Duchy of Moscow

Efingqa ebhodini, singasho ukuthi Yuri Danilovich, inqubomgomo yangaphakathi okwakubekelwa ngokuphelele wagxila yinye kanye kudalwa amandla eqinile, akalilahlile yimiphi amazwe etholakale kanye ifa kuyise. Kunalokho, waze wakwazi ukwandisa kubo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1303, wahlanganyela ubukhulu Mozhaisk, ngemva kweminyaka emibili, Pereslavl, futhi 1311 futhi Nizhny Novgorod, lapho kamuva obuswa umfowabo Boris. Ngo 1320 Yuriy Moskovsky walwa le Ryazan Prince Ivan Yaroslavich ukunamathisela impahla yayo kakhulu futhi Kolomna.