Vula amashubhu weqoqo legazi. I-Technique ye-sampuli yegazi ngama-tubes ahlanzekile

Cishe wonke uvakashele othisha noma omunye udokotela uphela ngesidingo sokuthatha igazi. Ngokuvamile le nqubo ihambisana nenjabulo nokuzwa okungajabulisi, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho ngekhwalithi, ukuqina kwamathuluzi nokuthembeka kolwazi oluzokwenza imiphumela yocingo. Njengoba imithi kanye nomkhakha wezobuchwepheshe ungama, zonke izibhedlela zesibhedlela kanye ne-laboratory zinezinto ezifanele kanye nezinsimbi. Ikhwalithi yabo kanye nesimanjemanje bahlinzeka ngendlela engenabuhlungu futhi ekhululekile, futhi ebaluleke kakhulu, ephephile ekuhlaziyweni kwezempilo komuntu. Phakathi kwezixhobo zanamuhla zokuhlaziywa kufanele ziphawulwe amashubhu ahlanzekile we-sampling yegazi.

Ziyini lezi zilimo eziyizivivinyo zokuhlola?

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi noma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe besimanje kanye nokuyihlomisa ngama laboratories lula futhi kuphuthumise umsebenzi wabasebenzi besikhungo. Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, ekusetshenzisweni kwe-sampling ye-qualitative nokushesha kwegazi, amashubhu avamile we-laboratory ahlinzekelwe indlela yokuhlanza "abazalwane." Vula amathoyizi kukhona amabhodlela amancane angenalutho angenalutho ngesimo sephayiphu ngesisekelo esizungezile nesembozo esikhethekile se-hermetic. Amapayipi angamapayipi angamanje wokusebenza kweqoqo legazi ngokwemigomo yesenzo se-vacuum eningi, lapho inani elidingekayo nelandulelwe igazi lingenabungozi. I-tourniquet yezokwelapha, inaliti nomnikazi njalo ifika ngamabhubhu ahlanzekile.

Yiziphi izigaxa ze-vacuum zokuqoqa igazi ezenziwe?

Lezi tanks zokuhlolwa kwegazi zenziwa efektri futhi zithunyelwa ezibhedlela nasemitholampilo ngendlela efakwe uphawu. Basatshalaliswa ngokuvumelana nama-reagents nezithasiselo ezivele zikhona ngaphakathi kwazo. Ngeplastiki, ingilazi ekhethekile kanye ne-polyethylene terephthalate yizibhubhu ezingenalutho ze-sampling yegazi. Isithombe nemilayezo emaphaketheni kubonisa injongo yedivayisi ethile. I-polyethylene terephthalate yiyona nto efanelekayo kumadivayisi anjalo, ngoba i-plastiki ye-inert ye-biological. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akuthinti imiphumela yocwaningo nganoma iyiphi indlela futhi angangeni ekusebenzeni kwamakhemikhali nezithasiselo. Kunamakhono ahlukene wombala wekhava futhi unemiyalelo ecacile yokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esiyinhloko salezi zilimo eziyizigaxa senziwa isampula legazi lokucwaninga.

Izinzuzo zamathubhu we-vacuum

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zamathubhu we-vacuum yilapho inqubo yokuthatha igazi kanye nayo iyinani eliyinqaba futhi elisheshayo. Futhi, mhlawumbe iphuzu elibaluleke kunazo zonke ekusebenzeni kwamadivayisi anjalo ukuthi ekuqaleni liqukethe izinhlamvu zamakhemikhali ezidingekayo ekuhloleni nasekunqumeni inkomba ethile. Kwanele nje ukuthola ukuthi iyiphi inkomba ofuna ukuyifumana, khetha ithubhu ekhonjiswe ngokumaketha ehambisana nesilinganiso sezwe, futhi wenze isampula segazi ngosizo lomsebenzi wezokwelapha. Ngenxa yokuthi inqubo ye-sampling yegazi ne-tubu vacuum ayifaki ukuxhumana ngqo negazi, le nqubo ibhekwa ngokuphelele ephephile. Ukuthatha ukwaziswa ukuhlaziywa kufana nhlobo neyesilasi, okwenzeka ngosizo lwesirinji nenaliti.

Indlela yokusebenzisa lawa madivayisi ngendlela efanele?

Igazi lithathwa kanjani ngamatayipi avulekile? I-algorithm yesenzo ngento yokuqala ikhetha ukhetho olufanele lwedivayisi ngokuhlaziywa kokumaka okuhambisanayo. Ngemuva kokunquma ukuqokwa kwedivayisi, umhlengikazi ebhokisithriyitha uyayifaka iphakheji ngalo, uhlanganisa inaliti elahlwe ngecala elilodwa kumnikazi we-tube yokuhlola, kanti nangomunye umkhawulo uyenza i-puncture in the vein. Okuqakathekileko kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-tourniquet yezokwelapha engalweni engaphezulu kwehlangothini bese uphatha indawo yemifino nge-sterizer. Emva kokufakwa kwenaliti, kuyadingeka ukulinda igazi elibi kakhulu elizoqoqwa ngqo ngama-tubes ahlanzekile oklanyelwe noma yikuphi ukutadisha. I-tube yenzelwe ngendlela yokuthi iyoyithatha kuphela leso silinganiso segazi esidingekayo ekuhloleni okuthile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphandle kokususa inaliti kusuka emthanjeni, umhlengikazi unqamula isitsha egazini. Ukuphathwa okunjalo akusizi ngalutho futhi akushiyi izivunguvungu namabala egazi. Ngemuva kokugcizelela isitsha nge-fluid biological, indawo yokuphumula iphathwa nge-antiseptic. Le nqubo yeqoqo legazi ingabhekwa njengokuphelele.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-serum kusetshenziswa lezi zilimo eziyi-tubes zokuhlola kanye nama-excipients ahlukahlukene

Kuye ngokumaka umbala, isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sezakhi zamakhemikhali sehlukahluka yiziphi izilimo eziyizigaxa ezivuthayo zokuhlunga igazi. Lokhu kugcwaliswa kukuvumela ukuba ubone kalula inkomba ethile.

Isibonelo, ama-tubes wokuhlola we-serum anemibala ebomvu. Zigcwele izinto ezomile ezivuselela ukwakheka kwegazi, ngaleyo ndlela ziphuthumise inqubo yokuvala. Ukuzivumelanisa okunjalo kusetshenziselwa ukuzivivinya umzimba, i-microbiology kanye ne-chemistry yezokwelapha.

Kungani usebenzisa amashubhu ngaphandle kokugcwalisa?

Phakathi kwama-tubes vacuum vacuum kukhona okukhiqizwa ngaphandle kokugcwalisa. Vula amathole weqoqo legazi ngaphandle kwanoma yikuphi ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha uketshezi lwezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, akukhipha eceleni ukhetho lwe-sampuli yegazi ngamadivayisi angenalutho. Ingaphakathi labo liphathwa ngezinto ezivimbela ukwakheka kwe-hemolysis noma inqubo yokunamathela. Ama-tubes wokuhlola anjalo ane-cap ebomvu.

Indlela yokuphenya nge-ESR ngosizo lwabo?

Izibhamu zokutadisha i-ESR egazini - isethi yeziqukathi ezine-solution sodium citrate ngaphakathi. Igazi liqoqwe bese lihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezine. Ama-tubes wokuhlola negazi kufanele agxiliswe kahle ukuze agcwalise uketshezi lwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okungaphakathi, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi zokubhekana nalo okusiza ukucacisa izinga le-sedimentation ye-erythrocyte. Isimiso sokusebenza kwamatayipi anjalo sifana nendlela kaWestergren.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamatayipi ahlanzekile ekutholeni izingane

Vula amathoyizi we-sampuli yegazi ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuhlinzeka ngezingane. Zinezinhlanganisela eziningana zamakhemikhali, ezihloswe ngokuyinhloko ukugcina uketshezi lwezinto eziphilayo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi noma yimuphi udokotela angasebenzisa ithubhu yokuhlola enjalo. Kuyinto ngokuphelele imishini futhi ephephile. Ngemuva kwesampuli segazi, inaliti ihamba ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphakathi kwiphubhu, ingashiyi ithuba lokuzibamba ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ngomntwana, inqubo yokuthatha uketshezi oluphilayo ibuhlungu kakhulu kunokusebenzisa inaliti nemivimbo engavamile (ngaphandle kwe-silicone). Lokhu kuququgquzela ukuxhaphazwa, njengoba izingane ziziphatha ngokuqinile.

Zisetshenziswa kanjani ekusebenzeni kwezilwane?

Kwezokwelapha, lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa zivivinywa kakhulu, njengoba kubalulekile ukuhlola izinkomo nezinye izilwane zasekhaya njalo ngenkathi. Vula amathole weqoqo legazi lezilwane anezigaba ezilandelayo:

• I-tube yokuphumula ene-lid;
• I-needle holder;
• Inaliti emaceleni amabili.

Uhlelo olunjalo lwe-sampuli yegazi lunamaphuzu amaningana amahle awenza umsebenzi wezilwane zezilwane.

1. Ngosizo lwezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinjalo, igazi elisuka emsila womsila lingasetshenziswa. Lokhu kuvumela ochwepheshe ukuthi baqoqe izinto zokuhlaziywa kwelabhoratri ngaphandle kokubandakanya abasizi.
2. Isikhathi sokuqoqa asidluli amasekhondi angu-30, okuvumela udokotela ukuba ahlolisise izilwane eziningi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulu entwasahlobo nasekwindla.
3. Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kwesilwane. Akudingeki ukuba ulungise ngokuphoqelela, ngaleyo ndlela ulimaze isikhumba saso.
4. Uhlelo ngokwayo lwenziwa ngendlela yokuthi isilwane siseduze asizwa ubuhlungu (ngenxa yoconsi enaliti) futhi akukho ukushayeka lapho kuthatha igazi.
5. Emgodini we-vacuum, igazi alihlangene nemvelo: lingena lapho ngaphansi kwezimo ezingenabumba (esimweni sobuciko nge-syringe cishe ukuthi ama-microbes angena emzimbeni wezinto eziphilayo), athunyelwa esibhedlela sezilwane, aqhutshwe futhi ahlolwe ngaphandle kokuvula ipulaki. Lokhu kusivumela ukuba sithole imiphumela enokwethenjelwa.