Ukugcina izindonga sasakhiwe ngokhonkolo: ubuchwepheshe nedivayisi

Akuwona wonke umnikazi womhlaba akho ku-sezwe enhle flat, okuyindawo kumele baphetha ngokuthi udonga emvula ngokhonkolo, okuyinto ukwakhiwa ubuchwepheshe uzobe echazwe esihlokweni, ngokuvamile i-elementi esisemqoka, elikwaziyo ukwenza njenge imihlobiso engadini kanye nezakhiwo, ukukucaza kube esishintshashintshayo . Ukwakhiwa isakhiwo esinjalo sasingenakuba kubhekwe inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhamba kungaba nokuqalisa ezahlukene fantasy landscape design.

kudivayisi odongeni

Udonga emvula ngokhonkolo, ukwakhiwa ubuchwepheshe okumele abona othile ewunikela ngesikhathi enza umsebenzi wakho, kungase kudingeke isakhiwo ethile, ebheka umsebenzi walo. Ngenxa yalokho, abanye ukuhlobisa odongeni, kuyilapho abanye - baqinise. Ngalinye yakhelwe ukuchayeka yayo futhi inezigaba eziyisisekelo, kuhlanganise: base, umzimba, amanzi ezikhukhula namapayipi. Isisekelo liyingxenye komhlaba kanye yakhelwe ukuthi singamelana nokucindezela inhlabathi gravity. Ground Ingxenye umzimba, ohlangothini bangaphakathi nabo enhlabathini bese livimbezele egqumeni endaweni. Kwangaphandle, front ivuliwe futhi kungaba ukubukeka bushelelezi noma beveled. Ukuvikelwa nokuxhumana Izipikha amanzi ezikhukhula namapayipi. Inqubo design kudingekile ukunikeza izindlela zokususa umswakama ngokweqile, okuyinto bayozibuthela ngaphakathi.

Amapharamitha belinganisa izindonga ukumelana

I-apharathasi ngokhonkolo izindonga kumele sifake ekhatsi loku khona ngayinye izakhi ngenhla. Okuwukuphela kwendlela uthole umklamo esiphezulu esimeme futhi kuyoba ikhono sikhuthazele umfutho ophakeme. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukubala izinto ezithinta amandla. Udonga zizothinteka amandla obuthile emzimbeni, okungukuthi, isisindo ayo, amandla ukungezwani adhesion emhlabathini, ingcindezi inhlabathi, kanye ezengeziwe izakhi isisindo. Lesi sakamuva singabangela ukukhwezwa obondeni.

Umthelela on the wall

Kubalulekile acabangele izenzakalo iyothonya design, njenge: ukuvuvukala inhlabathi ubusika, vibration (uma kukhona wabeka ujantshi), lakhukhula amanzi imvula, umoya kanye izenzakalo zokuzamazama komhlaba. Uma ucabangela isici yokugcina, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi udonga emvula ngokhonkolo (ukuphakama 2 kwamamitha noma ngaphezulu) bayothola umoya imithwalo.

ubuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa

ukwakhiwa kuchazwe isakhiwo ubunjiniyela eyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho lapho kudingeka acabangele leli lungiselelo ethize zezici kuzoncika nokwethenjelwa, amandla nokuqina kwayo. Ukuze uqale ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ingaba on nenhlabathi esitebeleni eziqukethe zobumba, amatshe, loam futhi amatshe. Ukuze kokuphothula umsebenzi kuyadingeka ukuze ukhumbule ukuthi ezingeni inhlabathi okokuqandisa akumele kube ngaphezu kuka 1.5 m ebusweni.

Amanzi asemhlabathini kufanele kube 1 imitha, njengoba samuntu elikhulu wenza isilinganiso angamamitha angu-1.5 kusukela emhlabathini. Uma ngokwakho unqumile ukuba sifeze ukwakhiwa, ingxenye eliwumhlaba odongeni akufanele futhi iyophakama kuno-1.4 amamitha. Uma udinga udonga emvula ngokhonkolo (ukuphakama 3 m), kungcono ukuba baphendukele ochwepheshe, njengoba le kudingeka izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi inake ingcindezi kwenhlabathi futhi ukuhamba alo.

Izincomo ukuze kwakhiwe isisekelo

Ukugcina odongeni sasakhiwe ngokhonkolo, isithombe ongawabona esihlokweni kumele abe isisekelo, zinokwethenjelwa, uma isakhiwo has a ukuphakama angaphezu kuka-30 amasentimitha. Ngakho kubalulekile ukuba landela lo mthetho, okuyinto esekelwe izici isisekelo nenhlabathi ejulile. I engazinzile futhi kulula inhlabathi, kujula kubalulekile ukubeka isisekelo. Uma umhlabathi kwabantu ezahlukene, isilinganiso ukujula ukuphakama ingxenye phansi phansi kumele luhambisane isilinganiso 1 kuya ku-4 uzobe Uma ukusebenza umhlabathi naphakathi Looseness, base ukujula kufanele sifinyelele 1/3 ye ukuphakama ukwesekwa. Uma umhlabathi ngempela esithambile futhi okuxekethile, ukuklanywa base ukujula kufanele alingane 1/2 obude. Njengengxenye isisekelo kufanele kube ukhonkolo, amatshe ochotshoziwe, kanye ubude usimende esindayo noma iphulwe.

Ungangenisi amanzi, amanzi ezikhukhula namapayipi

Ukugcina odongeni sasakhiwe ngokhonkolo, ubuchwepheshe kanye idivayisi okuyinto ungafunda kanye nokuqalisa bebodwa, kuzomele sifake khona amanzi futhi ungangenisi amanzi izinhlelo ezizoqinisekisa nokwethenjelwa ngokuqina. Akwanele ukwakha isisekelo esihle futhi ufake ukwakhiwa udonga kumele bavikelwe umswakama, kungadala umonakalo. Kuyadingeka ukuba seal ingaphakathi ukusekelwa.

Amanzi ehlukaniswe ngesikhathi longitudinal, transverse futhi kuhlanganiswe. Yokusetshenziswa kusho izimbobo obandayo ngamunye irowu wesibili nowesithathu, ubukhulu babo kumele kube mayelana eziyishumi ngamasentimitha. Tube kungenziwa wabeka obliquely ke amanzi ngeke ngokushesha sizoya-site. Uma unquma ukwakha amanzi longitudinal, it is wahlela ngabambelela odongeni ngihamba ngaphansi phansi ezingeni isisekelo. Ngenxa yalesi embondelene lukathayela, asbestos usimende noma tube Ceramic ne ububanzi 10 amasentimitha. Elements ujike geotextile, okuzokwenza amunca umswakama ewela ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ezincane. Ukuze uvimbele Ukungena zamanzi zibe isakhiwo wokwakha, okuyinto at okushisa aphansi engakwenza ukubhujiswa odongeni kudingekile ukunikeza khona cornice amabhlogo noma visor nge eyehlelayo kancane.

Ukubeka amanzi ungqimba eliphakathi kodonga futhi inhlabathi

Uma udinga udonga emvula sasakhiwe ngokhonkolo, ubuchwepheshe kanye idivayisi ngezandla yakho udinga ukuba zihlolwe futhi akhiwe okwesikhathi ubuchwepheshe ethize. Le nqubo ihilela ilungiselelo ungqimba nkinga esemgwaqweni phakathi komhlaba, isakhiwo ngokwaso. Ngemva kokuphothulwa odongeni umhlangano uyaqala ukugcwalisa isikhala ezakhiwe udonga futhi eyehlelayo. Ungasebenzisa inhlabathi indawo ngohlobo itshana ngohlalwane nesihlabathi indawo. Ukuze wenze lokhu brickbats ngempela livame ukusetshenziswa futhi isakhiwo okulahlwayo.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amatshe ngeke bakucindezele ezinye ekusekelweni, kodwa uyokwenza njengoba ungqimba amanzi. Ingxube kufanele ugcwalise amanzi izingqimba, ngamunye ungqimba ngabanye ukuba uphawu. Ekhethwayo kubhekwe nenhlabathi indawo esekhuhla ethathwe loam sandy. Udonga emvula ngokhonkolo, okuyinto ilungiselelo amasu kuchazwa isihloko Kufanele ube ingxenye engenhla ungqimba kubekwa, okungase aqukethe yemifino inhlabathi. Ngemva ramming ungqimba wokugcina kudingeka ukushiya konke njengoba kufana kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokugqoka ebusweni imithwalo. Ukugxilisa izinto ngokusebenzisa le bayothola nezici zabo. Ngemva kokuphela yonke le misebenzi usungaqala kuhlomisa ithala.

Izici kokwakhiwa odongeni

Bathele dwala wenziwa ku formwork, okuyinto uyokwenza njengokungathi izihlangu ukucushwa zikanhlangothiningi. Izingxenye ngamunye ziyaqiniswa ngaphandle zasesiteji ukuze formwork wakwazi ukumelana ingcindezi ngokhonkolo. Ngaphakathi kukhona efakwe yokugcizelela anezikhala chungechunge, okuyinto aqukethe metal izinduku kanye ucezu ipayipi. Phakathi kwabo, kufanele olunezintambo. Ezingeni ukuphakama 5 amasentimitha lisemhlabathini ukuba amashubhu plastic embondelene ezizohlinzeka amanzi sokuhoxisa lokuqoqa. Ibanga phakathi kwabo kufanele kube ngu-1 imitha.

Ukuze uthole surface bushelelezi yangaphandle Unamekwe ngaphakathi formwork ipulangwe noma ukufulela impahla. Uma udinga udonga emvula sasakhiwe ngokhonkolo, ubuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa okuyinto echazwe esihlokweni, bese ungakwazi ukwakha ke kusukela ukhonkolo imfucumfucu, kungekho isidingo sokunyathelisa ukuqinisa. Kuvele apharathasi lokhu design konga usimende, njengoba isamba esikhulu lemali amatshe.

Umugqa wokuqala ezomile lamapulangwe kufanele ugcwalise imigodi ezakhiwe amatshe futhi uthele isixazululo. Nakulokhu futhi izinhlobo eziningi zala matshe lamapulangwe kufanele ziminze isixazululo, ngokuqhubeka ukusebenza njengoba nje formwork is hhayi bayosuthiswa. Njengoba esimweni izindonga Monolithic, ukhonkolo kufanele iqukathe amashubhu ngoba amanzi ezikhukhula namapayipi.

Ukubalwa ukhonkolo ukuze kwakhiwe udonga

Ukugcina odongeni sasakhiwe ngokhonkolo, ukubala zazo ungenza ngokwakho, ukuze igcwaliswe ngaphandle kweziphazamiso omkhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho akukho lutho olungeke lwenzeke ukugwema ukwakheka yaseZimbabwe. Ukuze ukubala malini ukhonkolo ukuthenga, kuzomele ichaze ivolumu yangaphakathi odongeni esizayo. Ngenxa yale njongo-ke, ekuqaleni kunqunywa ndawo, bese ukubaluleka iyanda yi odongeni ukujula. Lokhu kuzokusiza uqonde kangakanani yesixazululo kufanele ngaphambilini kusukela embonini. Kodwa uma lokhu kungeke kwenzeke, kungcono ukuqasha semende.