Kuyini odongeni emvula

Ukugcina udonga - lesi sakhiwo, injongo eyinhloko okuyinto ukugcina kusuka beya noma ukuwa afanayo phansi, esisogwini nemithambeka. Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu lutho like isakhiwo ukukhonza njengelungu leNdikimba ukwesekwa. E. It ayikuvumeli ezinhlakeni ezehlukene esisogwini indiza enalokho kuthambekela futhi phansi ngaphansi bawe noma igoqe bedle isisindo ayo adonsela phansi.

Ukugcina odongeni ongenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

• ekuvimbeleni inhlabathi ngokuhambisa;
• inhlangano kahle terracing;
• Lokuhlatiywa ukusetshenziswa ndawo;
• division zensimu yaba izingxenye.

Ezweni efana ukwakhiwa ukwesekwa izakhiwo oyakhayo ezindaweni nezinguquko ezinkulu ephakeme. E. Esikhathini amagquma, emithambekeni emaweni kanye nemihosha. Kodwa izindonga futhi esaziwa ziye isetshenziswa izakhi kwezobuciko futhi zokuhlobisa landscape design. Kusuka lapha ungakhetha ukushiyana kwezidalwa lokuqala izakhiwo ezinjalo zisekelwe injongo yabo sokusebenza.

• Okuhlobisa. Noma uluphi udonga emvula yalolu hlobo inomsebenzi we izakhi yezakhiwo kanye zokuhlobisa. Zisetshenziswa landscape design ngisho ezindaweni flat.
• Ukuqinisa. Lolu hlobo izakhiwo laliqhubela inhlabathi ezindaweni ezahlukene. Basuke kabanzi terracing ukuze sandise isikhala ephilayo. Lezi zakhiwo kudingeka ukwakha pi emthambekeni 8%.
• Kuhlanganiswe. Lolu hlobo izakhiwo futhi yenza zokuhlobisa, nemisebenzi okubuyisela.

Ukugcina udonga - sekuyinto isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. kumalungu aso angamazinyo:

• engaphansi (ingxenye komhlaba odongeni);
• umzimba (ingxenye aboveground isakhiwo);
• amanzi ezikhukhula namapayipi.

Ukwakhiwa esaziwa izindonga - kuyinto umsebenzi onzima futhi umthwalo wemfanelo. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa emklamweni. Kulesi sigaba yonke ukusebenza ibalwa ngamacebo esizayo. Ngakho, ukubala uyakucabangela isisindo ayo, umthwalo olutholwa izinto zitholakala kuso, ingcindezi inhlabathi emzimbeni futhi izindonga isisekelo, amanzi ageleza ngaphansi izimvula ezinamandla nezikhukhula, umthelela emoyeni, isithwathwa wokuphakanyiswa ngaphansi.

Amandla izici - lena inkinga kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni izindonga. Kodwa akukho kangako kufanele inikwe nokusimama. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo ekwakhiweni kwenziwe imisebenzi eminingana, costed esigabeni design:

• obumba ubuso ezingemuva tapering izindonga ngase backfill;
• okwandisa maholoholo ukwehlisa ezingemuva ingcindezi inhlabathi phezu kwawo;
• Amanzi kudivayisi uhlelo;
• ukwakha protrusion kusukela phambi kodonga.

Izinhlobo izindonga esaziwa

Ukuze ubuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa:

• Monolithic.
• Prefabricated.

Ngokudela ukujula:

• engajulile (udonga ububanzi engaqhathaniswa noma esingaphansi nokubeka ukujula);
• izisekelo ezijulile (udonga nobubanzi izikhathi 1.5 noma ngaphezulu esingaphansi ukujula).

Ukuphakama:

• ongaphakeme (ngaphansi kuka-1 imitha);
• naphakathi (1-2 metres);
• eliphezulu (ngaphezu kuka-2 amamitha).

Ngokwe massiveness:

• Massive. Lolu hlobo kuyinto izindonga impahla-esaziwa, kanye nesikhathi ukudliwa. Ukuthula ukudluliselwa futhi phuca ibangelwa isisindo ayo.
• Polumassivnye. Ukuzinza lolu hlobo ukwakhiwa ibangelwa isisindo isakhiwo ngokwaso, kanye mass backfill inhlabathi.
• Tonkoelementnye. Lolu hlobo esaziwa izindonga ngokuvamile eyakhiwe kwagcizelela enezisekelo zikakhonkolo. Ukuze umtshina uhlaliseke kulesi simo sifana inhlabathi ukugcwalisa.
• Izacile. Ukuzinza lolu hlobo izindonga inikezwa by pinching base emhlabathini.

Ngu Indawo:

• okuhlangene (ixhunyaniswe izakhiwo angomakhelwane);
• ezizimele (yama yodwa).

Indaba ukwakhiwa:

• I emvula udonga ukhonkolo. Umklamo walolu hlobo ingenye yezindawo esitebeleni kunazo. Ukuze isakhiwo sayo emigodini ukwakhiwa formwork kanye amanzi edingekayo.
• Stone. Ngo ukwakheka udonga enjalo kuyadingeka ilungiselelo isisekelo kwagcizelela eyisibambiso ngaphansi kwezinga-qhwa. Futhi emzimbeni kokuqendwa design outflow ukuvuleka ukwehlisa ingcindezi amanzi ukuze kuhlinzekwe.
• Izinkuni. Nge ukwakhiwa emvula odongeni isimiso sokukhuculula kufanele inikezwe. Zonke izici sokhuni ukwakhiwa kumele ziphathwe isinqandakuvunda.
• Brick. ubuchwepheshe Ukwakhiwa siyafana ekwakhiweni itshe izindonga.
• Metal. Udonga emvula yalolu hlobo kuphela efanelekayo nenhlabathi esitebeleni. Ngo ukwakhiwa kwalo kufanele yakha isisekelo ukhonkolo ukuze aqinise isakhiwo.
• Ukugcina udonga ngemabhuloki ekwakha. Ukwakha ubuchwepheshe kuyafana esimweni izakhiwo itshe.
• Ukugcina udonga geogrid. Lolu hlobo ukwakhiwa olungasihlomisela emithambekeni mpo. geogrids modules oxhumene by ukudla ezivamile.
• Ukugcina udonga gabions. Le nto has a isisindo okuqinile ivumela ukuthi ukudala ukwakhiwa esitebeleni ngokwanele. Walling usebenzisa gabions kungenziwa unyaka wonke. Futhi kulokhu asikho isidingo pre-ukulungiselela isisekelo noma isizinda.
• I emvula udonga izitini zikasimende. isakhiwo ukwakhiwa kwenziwa izinto kalula. Ukwakhiwa odongeni kusikisela kwesikhashana ramming isisekelo backfill imfucumfucu.