Ukudweba "Ukulinganisa Okukhulu": incazelo yomdwebo

Ngokuvamile, lesi sithombe singokwenhlobo yasekhaya, kunalokho sikhuluma ngobubi besakhiwo, kunokuba senze izinto ezihlekisayo, kodwa uPavel Fedotov wadala umdwebo wakhe kwezobuciko baseRussia, lapho ahlanganisela khona umdwebo wohlobo, ukugcinwa kwakhe kanye nobufakazi bakhe.

Umdwebo othi "Ukukhwabanisa Okuyinhloko" umtholile isihloko se-academician, ukuqashelwa umphakathi kanye nokuthanda umphakathi. I-Fedotov yayibekwe eceleni ngalezi zithombe zezenhlalo njengo-Ivan Krylov, u-Nikolai Gogol no-Alexander Ostrovsky. Abacwaningi nabahlaziyi bezobuciko bathi isitayela sakhe akuyona nje imidwebo yansuku zonke, kodwa uthando olubucayi noma ubuciko obuhle.

Uhlobo lomndeni ekudwebeni

Imidwebo yasendlini iyinhlobo yemidwebo ebonisa usuku nosuku, izenzo ezivamile noma izikhathi zokuphila, ukuveza isigaba esithile sabantu kanye nokwaziswa kwamasiko.

Imidwebo yokuqala yansuku zonke ingabhekwa njengezici ze- rock art, ebonisa izigcawu zokuzingela noma impilo yansuku zonke yabantu basendulo. Kamuva, izithombe ze-papyri zaseGibhithe namaFresco aseGreece zalandelwa, zibonisa indlela yokuphila zalezi zizwe. Kodwa-ke, njengohlobo oluhlukile lomdwebo, imidwebo yansuku zonke yaqala ukuqala ngesikhathi se-feudalism sekusasa kanye nezikhathi zanamuhla.

Njengoba ukukhula kwemikhuba yentando yeningi nokuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila, uhlobo lwekhaya lwasekhaya lwaqala ukuthola ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabaculi. Ngisho nase- Renaissance Yurophu, izithombe ezihlokweni zansuku zonke zaqala ukuphuma ebhokisini likaGiotto, uVan Eyck no-El Greco, bese kuqhutshwa phambili iBruegel, Vermeer, Rubens noVelasquez.

Umdwebo wohlobo lwaseRussia kanye nezihloko zansuku zonke zabaculi baseRussia

Uhlobo lwaseRussia lwalusetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi nekhulu le-XIX. Abaculi bagcizelela impilo yansuku zonke yabalimi kanye nokucindezelwa kwabo kobudlova. Ukuphila klasini lomthengisi kanye ne-gentry kwaba yinto encane kangako indaba yesithombe. Isikhathi esibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni uhlobo lwemibala yaseRussia kwakuyisikhathi samaWanderers.

Ezobuciko baseRussia, abameleli abavelele bezinhlobo zasekhaya - i-Repin, iSerov, i-Vereshchagin ne-Venetsianov. UPavel Fedotov wathola isitayela esisha hhayi kuphela emidwebo waseRussia ngokujwayelekile, kodwa futhi nangokwezinhlobo zansuku zonke ngobuqotho. Indlela yakhe yamahlaya yemidwebo yansuku zonke eyenza iFototov ibe yintandokazi yomphakathi, futhi isithombe "Ukulinganisa uMkhulu" saba ipharasi lombukiso wezemfundo ka-1848.

Umbhali Biography

UVavel Fedotov uvela kumeluleki womndeni ohluphekile. Waqala ukudweba e-Cadet Corps, futhi ngenkathi umsebenzi wezempi kuBugcini Bokuphila waqala ukuthatha izifundo zokudweba e-Academy of Arts.

I-Fedotov yayinehlo elibukhali, eliqaphele izici ezicashile zabantu kanye nezici zokuziphatha kwabo, ngakho-ke ama-portraits akhe ayengafani nje kuphela, kepha futhi futhi uhlamvu oluyingqayizivele. Phakathi nesevisi, ukudweba kwe-Fedotov kwahlala kuyintandokazi, kodwa ngenxa yezimo ezilinganiselwe zezezimali ayikwazanga ukuyeka inkonzo yakhe futhi izinikezele kwezobuciko.

Ukuguquka kokuphila komculi kwakuwumhlangano noGrand Duke Mikhail futhi kamuva nomfowabo, u-Emperor Nicholas I, owayemangala ngethalente le-young officer futhi wamnika ilungelo lokukhishwa ngokuzithandela emsebenzini nokugcinwa, ukuze i-Fedotov ihlanganyele ngokujulile ekudwebeni.

Umlando womdwebo

Umculi osanda kuqalwa ucatshangwa ukuba abe ngumholi wezinhlanzi, ngoba ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaNicholas I izigcawu zempi zaphumelela kakhulu kwezohwebo. Imidwebo yokuqala yiFedotov ekhombisa izigcawu zezimpi, ukuhlasela kanye nezindawo zokuhlala.

Naphezu kokukhethwa okwenziwe, lo mculi waqhubeka nokudweba ukubuka kwakhe kwansuku zonke futhi abhale ama-comic amahlaya. Eminye yale midwebo yabhalwa ngokusekelwe ezindabeni ze-Ivan Krylov. Lapho ebona, lo mdwebi ucele uFototov ukuba atadishe umdwebo wohlobo olulodwa, ahloniphe ngokukhethekile ubuciko bomculi, ngokunemba nobuchwepheshe. Ngemuva kwama-eulogies ka-Krylov, i-Fedotov yabhala izindaba ezimbili zansuku zonke- "Umkhwenyana we-Picky" (emlandweni we-fable ka-Krylov) ne-"Fresh Cavalier".

I-Fedotov nayo iphinde idwebe imiklamo eminingi, okunye okuhloswe kuyo ukuba umdwebo "Ukulinganisa Okukhulu." Incazelo yesithombe "I-Picky Bride" isivele isungula idumela lomqambi womculi, kodwa ukuthuthukiswa komsebenzi kaFedotov ngemuva kokuzijwayeza noBryullov.

Ngemva kokubona izithombe eseziqedile kakade , uKarl Bryullov wanxusa uMkhandlu we-Academy ukuba wakhethe i-Fedotov isihloko se-academician futhi amnike okuqukethwe. Embukisweni ngo-1848 lo mculi wabonisa ingubo yakhe entsha. "Ukukhwabanisa Omkhulu" - isithombe esakhangela uboya obungalindelekile futhi sagubha izithameli eziqinile zasePetersburg, ziphoqeleka ukugubha ngokuhleka. Ngokomphumela wombukiso, umkhandlu wanikeza u-Fedotov unyaka wesihloko we-academician.

Incazelo yomdwebo uP. Fedotov "Ukulinganisa Omkhulu"

Isembatho "Ukulinganisa Omkhulu" ngokucacile okucacile kubonisa futhi ihleka usulu izifiso zomthengisi kanye nokubonisa okungahle kwenzeke. Ngombono wakhe oqhamukayo, i-Fedotov ibonisa izinhlamvu ezijwayelekile zesenzo futhi zinikeza izici ezicacile, ngenkathi zingabonakali nhlobo.

Ngenxa yalokho, umbukeli ubona ifreyimu ebusweni beklasi lomthengisi: igumbi lokufundela, itafula elihlanganisiwe ngokushesha, elingagqoke endaweni yowesifazane, futhi umninindlu uhlazekile yijazi entsha, kuyilapho umdali womkhosi ephikisa umgubho womkhosi-umkhwenyana.

Ngaphambi kombukiso, u-Fedotov wabhala inkondlo edlalwayo mayelana nomsebenzi womsebenzi othi "Ukulinganisa uMkhulu." Incazelo yomdwebo evesini ifomu lisho zonke izinhlamvu zendwangu futhi ichaza isimo sengqondo nokuziphatha kwabo. Ngokususelwa kulotshiwe nguFedotov, owakhuphuka esikhundleni se-nobleman nomhlalaphansi, oyinhloko ufuna umshado onenzuzo, ngoba impesheni incane kakhulu.

Umndeni womlobokazi yizimeleli eziqhamukayo zeklasi labahwebi abacebileyo, abalwela ukungena emphakathini ohloniphekile ngawo wonke amandla abo. Kubonakala sengathi kukhona ukuncintisana okuncane kule simo, kodwa umbhali wakwazi ukufundisa izinhlobo zezinhlamvu ukuze isithombe sigcwale ukuhleka nokuhleka usulu.

Ama-comedy of comedy

Umphakathi wayethande isithombe esithi "Ukuqoqa Ukuqhathanisa" ngobuhlakani obuqilileyo futhi ngokucacile wabona ukungaboni kahle okuncane, phakathi kwabo:

1. Ukungakulungi komkhwenyana nokungazi kwakhe okusobala kwemigomo emihle.
2. Ukulungiswa ngokweqile komndeni womthengisi kanye nemizamo yabo engafanele yokuhlangabezana nalezi zindinganiso.

Incazelo yesithombe iFototov "Ukuqoqa Umkhulu" iveza umbukeli kumphathi omkhulu osetshentshwe umhlalaphansi, owathola isihloko se-nobleman futhi efuna ukukhanya okucebile, kodwa egazini elilula, elichaphazela ukulungiswa kwamakethe omakoti:

• Ukumaketha kwenzeka ngosuku olusheshayo, ukwahlulela ngetafula elihlanganisiwe kanye nesitsha esinalo;
• Umkhulu wabonakala ngaphandle kwesihlahla somlobokazi;
• Oyinhloko ukhethe lo mdlalo ovela kubantu abavamile, ekwahlulela nge-muffler yakhe yokumisa.

Isifiso sokungena emphakathini ohloniphekile kwakuyisici sabathengisi abaningi abacebile nabanethonya, lokhu kuchaza ukulingisa okungenakuqhathaniswa nemikhuba yokuziphatha enkantolo. Umdwebo othi "The Matchmaking of the Major" ubonisa umndeni osomthengi uzama ukushada nendodakazi kumuntu ohlonishwayo, kanti igumbi nabathengisi ngokwabo kubheka ngokuhlekisa kakhulu:

• Ikamelo lapho isenzo senzeke khona ngaphambili, hhayi igumbi lokuphumula noma igumbi lokudlela, elingavumelani nesitifiketi;
• Indwangu yendwangu lapho itafula lenziwa khona akuhloselwe ukudla, kodwa kufanele lenze umsebenzi wokuhlobisa emakhandini noma e-boudoir;
• Ithebula lincane kakhulu ekudleni okuningi;
• Ngaphambili kunezinhlamvu eziningi ezingenakuqhathaniswa - umpheki, okusheshayo omboza itafula, i-sitter kanye ne-prizhivalka, ongenayo indawo ekamelweni;
• Izambatho zangokuhlwa zomfazi womthengisi nendodakazi azihambisani nesikhathi, noma isikhathi sosuku;
• Izesekeli zokugqoka amakhanda namantombazane (ama-scarves) azikhethwa ngokulandela isitifiketi.

Naphezu kokuhleka okubukhali umculi abhala abalingiswa bakhe, umdwebo we-Fedotov "Ukufanisa uMaritz" akusho ukuthi umonakalo uhlezi futhi uhlekwa usulu. Kunalokho, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuqinisekisa ababukeli ukuthi bathole amaqhawe njengabo.

Isithombe P. Fedotov "Ukukhwabanisa Okukhulu": ukuhlaziywa kusuka kumbono womlando

Inqubo yokulungisa isithombe ithathe isikhathi eside kakhulu. UPavel Fedotov isikhathi eside wayefuna igumbi elifanele nabalingiswa abalungile. Abaningi ababephila ngesikhathi esifanayo nabagxekayo baphawula ukunemba komlando kwesithombe nokusebenza kwesikhathi saso.

U-Fedotov wachitha amasonto amaningi efuna igumbi, ecela izindlu zomthengisi, waze wafumana phambili efanelekayo kwelinye lamagumbi okugaya. Khona-ke usesho olunzima lwe-sidelites elungile kanye ne-prizhivalki lasetshenziswa. Ngomsebenzi omkhulu, lo mculi wamemela omunye wabalingani bakhe, futhi wabopha isibalo sikayise izikhathi eziningana ukuze abonise ijazi elingavamile uma eqhathaniswa ne-Armenia.

"Ukulinganisa Omkhulu" - isithombe, imizamo kaFedotov eyenziwe ngokusemthethweni. Igumbi ngokwayo, abalingiswa, izesekeli, ngisho nemidwebo nama-portrats ezindongeni ziyiqiniso, ziyiqiniso ngokomlando futhi ziveza ngokugcwele uhlobo lwesigaba somthengisi kanye nokusebenza kokumaketha.