Izithombe zikaMatisse. Umculi waseFrance uHenri Matisse

Umculi owaziwayo waseFrance uMatisse waphila impilo ende, okwakudala kuyo imidwebo eminingi, imidwebo eminingi, izingoma eziqoshiwe ezivela ku-ceramics nama-panels, kufaka phakathi amasu we-decoupage. Umsebenzi wakhe wawunakwazisa abantu bakhe emhlabeni wonke, nakuba ngokuvamile izindlela zakhe ezintsha zazibangelwa izingxabano ezivuthayo.

Intsha

U-Henri Matisse wazalwa enyakatho yeFrance ngo-1869 emndenini womthengisi okusanhlamvu ocebile. Uzuze uthando lwezobuciko oluvela kunina, owayethanda ubuciko bokucweba. Nakuba, ngokweziko, kwakunguHenri (njengendodana endala) owayezohola ibhizinisi lomndeni, ngemuva kokuphothula iLyceum Henri Martin eSt. Cantin, waya enhloko-dolobha ukuyofunda umthetho eSikoleni Esidumile saseMthetho. Ngo-1888, uMatisse wathola idiploma emthethweni futhi, ebuyela edolobheni lakubo, waqala ukusebenza njengomabhalane nommeli wendawo.

Izinyathelo zokuqala zobuciko

Mhlawumbe, uMatisse wayengeke enze umsebenzi omuhle emthethweni, bekungeke kube yilelo cala. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngo-1889 le nsizwa yangena esibhedlela ngokuhlaselwa okubukhali kwe-appendicitis futhi yaphoqeleka ukuba ichithe izinyanga ezimbili ezinyangeni ze- postoperative. Ukuze amjabulise indodana yakhe, uMamame Matisse wamnika amanzi, futhi waqala ukuchitha isikhathi sokukopisha amakhadikhadi anemibala. Lo msebenzi wawukhanga le nsizwa kangangokuthi emva kokukhishwa esibhedlela watshela abazali bakhe ngenhloso yakhe eqinile yokuba ngumculi. Naphezu kokumelana kukababa wakhe, uHenri wabhalisa esikoleni sokudweba eTurks, lapho abadwebi beqeqeshwa khona ukusebenza embonini yezembatho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo waqhubeka nokusebenzisa umthetho.

Ukufunda eParis

Ngo-1892, uMatisse unquma ukuzinikela ekudwebeni. Kuze kube sekugcineni, uphinda waya eParis futhi angene eSikoleni SaseJulian, lapho eqala khona e-A. Bouguereau, bese e-School of Fine Arts e- G. Moreau. Lezi zinsuku zibikezela ikusasa elimangalisayo futhi enye yezinto zokuqala ezibonisa amasha omculi osemusha, echazwe ngenhlanganisela eqondile yemibala ehlukahlukene. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, umculi uMatisse uvame ukuchitha izinsuku zakhe eLouvre, ekopisha ubuciko bezinkosikazi zakudala nabaculi abadumile bekhulu le-19, okusho ukuthi, ngokuguga kwakhe, kwasiza kakhulu inkosi ekusebenzeni kwakhe okuqhubekayo.

Isikhathi sokucindezela

Kusukela ngo-1896, ukudweba kukaMatisse kuqale ukuboniswa ezindaweni ezidumile zaseParis, futhi uthola udumo oluthile phakathi kwabathandi bezithombe zobuParis. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, lo mculi uthonywe kakhulu yi-Impressionists nabalandeli bakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvame ukukhuluma ngezinto ezidalwe ngabakwa-post-impressionists, ochwepheshe baveza neminye yemisebenzi uMatisse eyadala: namanje-izimpilo "I-Bottle of Schema", "Izithelo neKhofi Yamakhofi", "Ihlane", "Ugwayi Nezithelo".

Eminyakeni embalwa ezayo, lo mculi uqala ukubandakanya ukudweba futhi asebenze endleleni yokuhlukanisa, okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwamachashaza ahlukene. Ngo-1905, ukuphikisana okukhulu kubangelwa indlela yokubhala umdwebo kaMatisse othi "Ukunethezeka, Ukuthula Nokufisa", lapho ahlanganisa khona ukuhlobisa ubuciko besikhathi samanje nge pointillism.

Fauvism

Uma sicabanga ngomsebenzi kaMatisse, umuntu akakwazi ukukhuluma ngomzila omusha wemidwebo, ukhokho owaba yilo mculi. Kuphathelene noFauvism. Mayelana naye njengesenzakalo esithakazelisayo kakhulu saqala ukukhuluma emva kwe-autumn Salon ka 1905. Kulo mbukiso, uMatisse wabhala imisebenzi eminingana, kuhlanganise nomdwebo odumile "Owesifazane kuGreen Hat". Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi neminyaka eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, lo mdwebi waqala ukuthatha isithakazelo esibucayi ekudwebeni kwe-Afrika, ubuciko bokuhlobisa isi-Arabhu kanye nama-woodcuts aseJapane, futhi ngokushesha izisusa zobuhlanga ziqala ukungena emdwebeni wakhe. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuvimbeli ochwepheshe ekubukeni imisebenzi yalesi sikhathi njengengxenye ebalulekile yeFauvism.

"Matisse Academy"

Ngo-1908 eParis, lo mculi wasungula isikole sangasese sokudweba. Labizwa ngokuthi "iMatisse Academy", futhi ngenkathi efundisa khona, abafundi abangu-100 abavela eFrance nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu baphumelela kulo. Ukufunda esikoleni kwakukhululekile, njengoba lo mculi akazange aphishekele imigomo yokuhweba futhi wayefuna ukuveza umbono wakhe wobuciko esizukulwaneni esincane.

Ngokufanayo nokufundisa izithombe zikaMatisse ezidwetshiwe. Ngakho, wadala amaphasela amathathu okuhlobisa indlu yaseMoscow yomqoqo odumile waseRussia uSi Shchukin. Ngokuyinhloko, umsebenzi wakhe othi "Dance", manje ongabonakala eHermitage, uthathwa njengomunye wemisebenzi edume kakhulu yomdwebi.

Ukudala phakathi kwezimpi ezimbili zezwe

Ngo-1920, lo mculi wenza imiklamo yezingubo nezendawo ze-ballet "Nightingale" I. I-Stravinsky futhi wabhala umjikelezo othi "Odalisque" ngokulingisa uRenoir. Izithombe zikaMatisse zalesi sikhathi, ikakhulukazi "iKompotnitsa nezimbali", zimlethela udumo kumabhayisikobho abathandi baseMelika. Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, lo mculi uya eTahiti, bese edala iphaneli ebonisa izibalo eziyisishiyagalombili zokudansa eB Barnes Foundation ePhiladelphia. Ngenqubo yokusebenza emidwebo yalo msebenzi omkhulu, uvame ukusebenzisa inqubo ye-decoupage. Khona-ke uyazijwayeza umthombo wakhe oyinhloko - uLydia Delektorskaya, ubudlelwane obangela ukuthi isehlukaniso kuMadame Matisse. I-Portrait ye-immigrant encane yaseRussia, lapho umculi eveza khona konke ukukhathazeka kwakhe okuphelile, manje ehlobisa iminyuziyamu engcono kunazo zonke emhlabeni, angabonakala eRussia.

Ukuphila phakathi neminyaka yokusebenza

Impi Yezwe Yesibili yaba yivivinyo elikhulu kuMatisse. Ngentando yesikhathi esizayo, uhlala e-Nice wedwa, kude nezingane, futhi induduzo yakhe kuphela nguLydia Delectorskaya. Ngenhlanhla, ukukhululwa kweFrance yi-Allies kuyasindisa indodakazi kanye nomunye waba ngumkakhe womculi kusukela ekufeni, ababoshiwe yiGestapo ngemisebenzi yokulwa ne-fascist.

"I-Chapel Yezintambo"

Ngo-1948-1953 iminyaka. Umculi usebenza ekuhlobiseni ingaphakathi lesonto lika Roser eVance. Namuhla yaziwa ngokuthi "iSahluko sobuhlalu". Kulo msebenzi wokugcina inkosi yenze konke okwakungcono emsebenzini wakhe eminyakeni eyedlule.

Izindonga zesonto ligcwele ama-slabs amhlophe, abonisa iSint Dominic ngesimo somuntu ongenawo ubuso obuyi-4.5 wamamitha phezulu noMariya oNgcwele nomntwana uJesu. Ungabona futhi izigcawu zeSahlulelo Sokugcina, esenziwa kuphela ngopende olumnyama, futhi isonto lihlotshiswe ngomfanekiso wesibhakabhaka, lapho izivuleka ziwela khona.

Izici zobuciko

Imidwebo kaMatisse yayivame ukubhalwa ngochungechunge, njengoba umculi, ezama ukuphelela, wadala izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomsebenzi ofanayo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Izingqungquthela eziyinhloko zomsebenzi zingumdanso, abelusi, izinsimbi zomculo, izitsha ezinamabhodlela amahle anezithelo ezinomsoco, izitsha zangaphandle, amakhethi kanye nemicu ehlukahlukene, kanye nemibono evela efasiteleni.

Ukudlulisela injabulo embala nasebuhleni befomu langaphandle ngumgomo oyinhloko olandelwa nguMatisse. Izithombe, ezinamagama owaziyo kakade, namuhla zihlobisa iziqoqo zangasese namamyuziyamu emhlabeni jikelele, futhi zishaya amarekhodi amanani ezitolo.

Imisebenzi iboniswe kumamyuziyamu wezwe lakithi

Ingabe unesithakazelo kumasu lapho uMatisse abhala khona? Izithombe (ngamagama, ngokwemvelo) zingabonakala eRussia. Ngokuyinhloko, imidwebo eminingi yalomculi, njenge "Blue Pot and Lemon", "Tableware etafuleni", "Buka i-Collioure", njll, iboniswe eHermitage. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eMyuziyamu. I-Pushkin yayigcina imisebenzi enjengokuthi "i-Red Fish" ne "Blue Jug".