Ithebula lokugonywa kuze kube yonyaka kubantwana. Ikhalenda lemigomo yabantwana abangaphansi konyaka owodwa

abazali Modern zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu: eyokuqala esivuna yokugoma kwezingane, abanye ukuba bamelane, kanti ezinye ezicabangela okuthile. Ngaphambi ezakhelene yimaphi amaqembu, kubalulekile ukuba baqonde umqondo "lokugoma" futhi ukujwayelana obekuxoxwa. Sizobheka zonke imigomo esemqoka unyaka (okwenza amandla futhi yiziphi uyazikhethela), kanye sibheke uhlu yokugoma kwenziwe emva kokufinyelela eminyakeni ewu unyaka owodwa.

Umlando yokugoma

Umbiko wokuqala womsebenzi usuku lokugoma emuva ekhulwini lesi-8. Nakuba odokotela Ayurveda wathola ukuthi ukugoma ngokumelene ingxibongo egomekile injalo ezinzima. Kodwa ngenxa yokuntula ulwazi mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo lesi sifo, umphumela yokugoma kwaba luvame ukubulala.

Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, ososayensi ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene ziqondiswe udaba lokuvikela isifo esebenzisa lokugoma, ucwaningo, bhala amaphepha ucwaningo. Kodwa kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 Lui Paster (immunologist French) singafika usondele ngokwanele nendlela ye kwemithi yokugoma izifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, yasungulwa yokugoma ezingaphezu kuka-100 ehlukene ukuvikela ezifweni amane kubangelwa amagciwane lenyama.

Kuyini yokugoma?

Ukugonywa (lokugoma) - is athuthukisiwe amasosha omzimba synthetically, by esasikhipha a material ekhethekile abantu ukuthuthukisa ukumelana layo ukuze yizifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo. Imijovo yokugoma abakwenzayo izinjongo zokuvimbela futhi ekwelapheni.

Izindlela yokugoma

Ukugonywa kwezingane wenziwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

1. uyijova esicutshini. Indlela kunazo ayethanda zokuphatha umgomo, ngoba kulesi simo-ke amuncwa umzimba ngokushesha, amasosha omzimba iqala ukukhiqiza ngokushesha, ngoba kunciphisa ingozi komzimba.
2. Umzila ngomlomo. Ngakho umgomo iqondiswa enterovirus izifo, okuyinto ngesimo amaconsi, ushukela noma cracker kugwinyiwe yisiguli. Ububi le ndlela wukuthi asikwazi waphawula Isikali abathembekile.
3. Intradermally. Ngale ndlela, imigomo enjalo iphathwa njengengxenye TB BCG tularemia bukhoma futhi ingxibongo.
4. Umjovo ongama. Indlela luncanyelwa eziningi inactivated neyokugoma "bukhoma" (rubella, isimungumungwana, mumps, i-yellow fever, njll).
5. Intranasal. Luhilela ukwethulwa umgomo ngokusebenzisa ekhaleni futhi inikeza indlela ukulwa nezifo lokusakaza droplet indlela.

Edingekayo futhi ozikhethela imigomo

On endaweni Russian Federation lokugoma uhlelo nonyaka kuhlanganisa imigomo edingekayo futhi ozikhethela.

lokugoma okuyimpoqo - lokugoma ngokumelene izifo ezithathelwanayo nezenhliziyo amafomu olunzima. Babuye kufakwe ikhalenda ezifundazweni imigomo izifo. lokugoma engeziwe Kwenziwa ngesicelo isiguli, isibonelo, ngaphambi uhambo.

Ngigcine ikhalenda kazwelonke ka imigomo zezingane enyakeni owodwa ubudala nangaphezulu sivunyiwe by Order of the Ministry of Health kanye WeNtuthuko 31/02/11, ngaphansi inombolo 51H "Ngo ukuvunyelwa ikhalenda kazwelonke yokugoma izifo ku ubhubhane izinkomba." Kuvunyiwe ithebula imigomo enyakeni owodwa nangaphezulu sihlinzekela nokwethulwa kwemigomo ezifweni ezinjenge eziyisisekelo ezivamile ezithathelwanayo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye ezibangelwa amagciwane, ezifana ne-hepatitis B, isifo sofuba, uvendle idiphtheria, ukukhwehlela whooping, ngqi, mumps nabanye.

ukugonywa adingekayo Izingane size sifike ngonyaka - isheduli

Ngezansi uhlu ukugoma, ngempela kwenza ingane kuze kube unyaka.

Uhlelo lokugoma unyaka kungenzeka kancane sigudluke, isibonelo, lokugoma ngokumelene sofuba izingane ngubani ngesikhathi sokuzalwa esingaphansi 2,000 amagremu, ukwenza kamuva, njengoba abe isikhumba mncane kakhulu.

imigomo eyengeziwe

Uhlu lokugoma izifo libanzi, ngakho lapha oshiwo ezivamile.

Yini imigomo ingane yakho ukwenza ngonyaka nakanjani

Ngemva lokugoma esibanzi ngesikhathi 6 izinyanga, ingane isheshe ngesikhathi unyaka 1. Kuhlanganisa lokugoma ngokumelene rubella, isimungumungwane kanye mumps.

Isimungumungwane - isifo yegciwane esakaza amaconsi indlela (ngesikhathi ingxoxo, uma ukhwehlela, sneezing, njll ...). Izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ukuba 39-40 ^C. zimpawu ezilandelayo: ukudakwa, ukuqubuka, izilonda mucosa acinene futhi amalaka (coryza, ukukhwehlela, sneezing, photophobia).

Rubella - virus ukutheleleka. Okusatshalalisiwe droplet indlela. Kunamathuba amaningi okuthi izingane kunabantu abadala ebhekana isifo. Izimpawu yilezi: hhayi imfiva eqinile, amawala, evuvukele zamanzi. Uma ingane iyagula ne-rubella esibelethweni, kukhona amathuba aphezulu ukukhubazeka kwesisu noma ukuzalwa sokuthuthuka.

Mumps - igciwane elibanga mumps isifo. Lapho efika nomzimba ngu sisemoyeni amaconsi indlela futhi ngokusebenzisa izinto angcolile, iqala ande ngokushesha e nezindlala salivary. Izimpawu: imfiva, kweNdikimba nezindlala salivary, ukucobeka, ukungakuthandi ukudla.

Kuyinto wokugoma esibanzi ngonyaka ngaphansi isiphanga. Revaccination kwenzeka eminyakeni 6. Inoculation sonyaka 1 ukhiqiza Ukuvikelwa mzimba yokulwa nesimungumungwane, mumps ne-rubella eneminyaka engu-25.

Ngokungafani isimo imigomo ikhokhwe

Eminyakeni yamuva, amacala lapho imitholampilo odokotela ukunikeza abazali benze njengoba isimo imigomo free futhi wakhokha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngamaphesenti ayikhulu ukwamukelwa ukuthi ikhokhwe wokugoma kangcono, akukho.

Ngokuvamile ikhokhwe ukuxhumelela izingane ezingaphansi konyaka kukhona nemijovo yakhiwa izingxenye eziningana ezifweni ezinjenge idiphtheria, pertussis, ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B, uvendle nesifo Umkhuhlane uhlobo B. inoculation Mahhala ungachazwa ukuthi izingxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu elingekho. Lokhu akusho ukuthi ngeke kuphumelele. Vele ukuhlela imigomo up, inikeza imigomo ngezindlela eziningi, isibonelo, lokugoma uvendle kwenziwa eceleni (hhayi intramuscularly futhi ngomlomo).

Futhi, ngenxa eliningi wokugoma emva yokugoma okhokhelwayo ukhona ingxenye amathuba okuba nemiphumela engemihle, ezingazange iqiniso inoculation ejwayelekile. Zonke ngemigomo kanye ikhokhwe isimo afakiwe ohlwini letiphakanyisiwe futhi ilayisensi yi-World Health Organisation (WHO).

Izimo yokugoma

I Izimo ezilandelayo yokugoma:

1. Yiqiniso, okungukuthi, naleyo kungase kutholakale by izifundo ezihlukahlukene futhi ezisohlwini iziqondiso olusemthethweni isiRashiya futhi ngamazwe.
2. Amanga indlela yilabo abaphikisana yokugoma.
3. Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke - kukhona Izimo kweqiniso okuyiwona lokugoma siqedwa ngokuphelele.
4. Okunemibandela (isihlobo) - kukhona Izimo kweqiniso, lapho isinqumo sokwenza uphenyo ngokuxhunyelelwa ithatha udokotela esekelwe umlando basemtholampilo ikhadi kanye ubhubhane wamanje isimo lesiguli.
5. Okwesikhashana, okungukuthi, ukuba khona isiguli ngesikhathi yokugoma zimpawu ezilandelayo: imfiva, imiphumela engamukeleki wegazi kanye nomchamo ukuhlolwa, ingaphezulu noma ngaphansi izinga yomtholampilo, ubuthakathaka, khona izinqubo ukuvuvukala.
6. Permanent - nalezo ayikwazi ukususwa ngisho ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile.
7. Izimo Private ezihlobene wokugoma ethile.

Olunye ulwazi mayelana Izimo zingatholakala ngokuhlola ethebuleni elingezansi.

Kuncike uhlu Izimo ivame ukuba wenqabe. Lokhu kungenxa ngcono yokugoma eminyakeni yamuva.

Amathiphu: ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva ngokuxhunyelelwa

Ukuze wokugoma kugcwalise injongo yawo nokuthi akazange abangele ingozi, kanti ingane akesabi le nqubo esikhathini esizayo, izincomo ezilandelayo:

• okudingeka uyenze ukuhlolwa kwegazi ne umchamo;
• ukuthola umbono wezinzwa yezingane Udokotela awe-aleji;
• musa ukondla umntwana ngaphambi yokugoma ukudla entsha ngaye;
• hhayi okwesabisa wokugoma ingane, noma ngabe ifomu yamahlaya;
• Letha ithoyizi intandokazi ukuba bagome ingane kanye inabukeni ehlanzekile noma ishidi embhedeni;
• ungakhohlwa isitifiketi yokugoma (uma ekhona);
• ukuxoxa nodokotela wakho wonke ukuthi imibuzo nokungabaza;
• ngosuku yokugoma ngokwayo, ulinganise lokushisa isidumbu sengane;
• Zama ukuthi ukhathazeke ngokwabo hhayi ukukhombisa ukukhathazeka wakhe wengane;
• uma ngesikhathi yokugoma ingane waqala ukukhala, uyakumlobela ukukhala it out, bese uvumele ingane ukuthatha ezijulile, umoya kancane.

Ngemva lokugoma, khumbula lokhu okulandelayo:

• ukuhlala emtholampilo kuze kuphele isigamu sehora ekulinganiseni isimo somntwana;
• esimweni DTP yokugoma ngenkathi ashisayo, ukunikeza antipyretic ingane;
• e lokugoma usuku ukugwema ukwelashwa amanzi ezizindeni eside.

Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukushintsha imikhuba yokudla ingane kungaba zinsuku kungekho ngaphambili kuka 3 emva yokugoma. Imiphumela engemihle lokho akusho ukuthi zenzeka ngokushesha, abanye kungenzeka noma ngosuku 5th.