I-Hemoglobin ekuhlolweni kwegazi: ukubizwa. Ukunquma ukuhlolwa kwegazi

Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokuxilongwa yi-hemoglobin ekuhloleni kwegazi. Ukuqokwa kuzoxoxwa kulokhu kulesi sihloko. Izinkomba zezinga layo zingasiza ekuqaphelisweni kwezifo eziningi.

Ukufaneleka kokwelashwa okunqunyiwe, inkambo yenqubo kanye nomphumela wokugcina ngokuxhomeke ngokuqondile ekuqineni kwesifo sokuhlonza. Kungenxa yale njongo ukuthi indlela yokuhlaziya izimpawu zegazi isetshenziswa.

Ingqikithi ye-hemoglobin equkethe igazi ingabonwa ngokuhlaziywa komtholampilo jikelele. Emihlalweni yansuku zonke, ukuhlaziywa ngezinga lenkomba akukwenziwa ngokuhlukile, kodwa kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi ukwehluka emithethweni kusiza hhayi kuphela ukuqala ukwelashwa ngesikhathi, kodwa futhi nokugwema imiphumela eminingi emibi yalesi sifo.

Izindinganiso ezingezansi kwezimiso ezisungulwe zikhombisa ukuguquka kwezifo eziningana ezingeni ngezinga lokungafinyeleli. Cabanga ngokuningiliziwe kwe-hemoglobin ekuhlolweni kwegazi, ukubizwa kuzophinde kunikezwe.

Iyini i-blood hemoglobin?

Ngokwemigomo elula, i-hemoglobin egazini lomuntu iyinhlobo ekhethekile yamaprotheni esekelwe amaprotheni ne-iron compound. Itholakala kumaseli abomvu wegazi, kwamanye amangqamuzana amanani we-hemoglobin ayengekho. Okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni anesisindo e-erythrocytes athatha amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye wamangqamuzana; ngokwezibalo zawo zamakhemikhali, afakwe eqenjini lama-chromopeptide ngenxa yokuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi nezinsimbi ezingezona amaprotheni.

Igama lesiLatini lezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko ezaba yisisekelo segama elithi "hemoglobin": "heme" yiqembu eliqukethe izinsimbi futhi "globin" iyisisekelo seprotheyini. Isakhiwo se-molecule sinesimo 4 kuya ku-1 ngokuqondene nensimbi kuya amaprotheni. Konke lokhu kuyi-hemoglobin ekuhlaziyweni kwegazi. Igama layo liyaziwa abaningi.

Ngezinhlobo zomzimba womuntu, amahlelo alandelayo alesi sakhi ayahlukaniswa:

• Imvelo;
• I-pathological.

Izinkomba zemiqondo zikhonjiswe ekuhlaziyweni njengeHGB.

I-RBC iyinkomba yenani lamaseli abomvu obomvu. Zivame ukuhlangana.

Igama le-pathological linikezwe ezakhiweni eziphambene nezakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, futhi ukubonakaliswa kwazo kubangelwa ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa emzimbeni womuntu.

I-hemoglobin ene-glycated, yini ebonisa? Ake sicabangele le nkinga ngezansi.

Indima ye-hemoglobin yomzimba womuntu

Ukubaluleka kokusebenza okuyinhloko kunqunywa ikhono lokudluliselwa kwe-oksijeni kuzo zonke izitho namaseli wesakhiwo somzimba womuntu nokukhululwa kwe-carbon dioxide engaphezu kwemingcele yayo. Eqinisweni, unesibopho sayo sonke isimiso sokuphefumula, ukulawulwa kwesisombululo se-acid-base yamaseli egazi.

Ukulungisa i-oksijeni etholakala endaweni yangaphandle, kuyithwala kuzo zonke izicubu, izitho nezinhlelo zomzimba ezisekelweni zegazi, zisekela imetabolism kanye nokubuyiswa kwezinto ezikhathele emvelweni. Izinqubo zokuhamba ziqhubeka.

Ukuqokwa kuhlaziya

Indlela yokuthola i-hemoglobin ekuhloleni kwegazi. Igama layo liye laxoxwa ngenhla.

Lezi yizinhlamvu zesiLatini uHb noma i-HGB.

Izinkomba ezijwayelekile zezinga lokuqukethwe

Izinga le-hemoglobin egazini labantu lixhomeke ezinkomba eziningana zomzimba, ezifaka izindinganiso ezilandelayo:

1. Ubulili:

• Ngaphansi kokujwayelekile kubantu besilisa, kuvamile ukuba uthathe amanani amanani kusukela ku 130 kuya ku-170 amagremu ngalinye ilitha;
• Kwabesifazane imingcele ivela ku-120 kuya ku-150 amagremu ngalinye ilitha;
• Ezinganeni kuze kube seminyaka emibili, izinga eliphezulu le-hemoglobin yesisu liyisici, lokhu kwenzeka ngokujwayelekile.

Izici ezibalulekile zendlela yokuthola imiphumela yokuhlaziywa.

Ukuphendula umbuzo - i-hemoglobin eglycated, ebonisa, singasho lokhu okulandelayo. Ukuhlukahluka kwezinto ezinokwemvelo kuleso sifundo kubonisa ukuhlukaniswa kwenani kumaprotheni ase-hydrolyzed and fetal.

Izindinganiso ezijwayelekile ezivunyelwe ezivela kumaphesenti amane kuya kwanguyisithupha okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni ase-hydrolyzed kanye namaphesenti owodwa wezinga lomntwana. Kuvamile ukuqala kulezi zindinganiso uma uthola izindinganiso ezitholakalayo, ngaphezu kwazo zibonisa ukuthi kukhona izifo ezibi kakhulu.

3. Ukukhulelwa. Abesifazane abakule ndawo, kuvamile ukunciphisa izinga kuya kwamagremu ayikhulu neshumi ngelitha ngalinye. Lesi silinganiso sikwanele ekuthuthukiseni i-fetus. Kodwa ukudla kowesifazane okhulelwe kufanele kube ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuqinile ukulondoloza. Izindleko ezincishisiwe ezingaphansi kwalesi sizinga zingaholela e-oksijeni indlala yesisu.

Yilokho i-hemoglobin ebalulekile ekuhlolweni kwegazi. Igama layo livame ukutholakala kumafomu ezempilo.

Izindlela zokunquma izinga kanye nezibalo zalo

Incazelo yezinkomba kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa komtholampilo jikelele kwegazi ngaphansi kwezimo zama laboratories akhethekile. Kulapho lapho zonke izinkomba zihlungwa khona. Izindlela ezilandelayo zisetshenziselwa ukuzithola.

1. Indlela ye-Colorimetric.
2. Inqubo ye-gasometric.
3. Ukuzimisela kwamakhemikhali yenani lensimbi emkhathini.

Idatha enembile kakhulu iyatholakala ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezimbili zokugcina.

Okuqukethwe kuthathwe kusukela ekubalweni ngetitha elilodwa legazi lomuntu ngokulinganisa amaprotheni nensimbi equkethe amaseli obomvu egazi.

Imithetho yokudlula ukuhlaziywa

• Ukuhlaziywa kuthathwa ekuseni ngesisu esingenalutho.
• Ngaphambi kokwenza ukuhlaziywa, ukuzikhandla okukhulu ngokomzimba akumukeleki.
• Ukuhlala isikhathi eside emgwaqweni kungashintsha izinga phezulu.

Inqubo yokumemezela

Ama-indices atholakalayo abonisa ukuba khona kwezinga elikhuphukile noma elinciphile lokuqukethwe kumaseli egazi we-hemoglobin.

Ukunciphisa izinga kuqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu unesimo esibi sempilo kanye nezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Isimo sokucindezeleka nokulala;
• Ukuba khona kombala ophaphathekile esikhumbeni nasemibuthaneni emnyama ngaphansi kwamehlo;
• Inqubo yokuqalisa okusheshayo yokukhathala okujwayelekile;
• Ezinganeni, izinga lokuthuthukiswa liphuze.

I-average mch content mch iyinani elibalulekile lala maprotheni ema-erythrocyte, ibonisa ubukhulu be-hemoglobin e-erythrocyte enamandla futhi ibalwa ngumbomvu olandelayo:

MCH = Hb (g / l) / inombolo yama-erthrocyte x 10 ^-12.

Ku-MCH evamile kubantu - 24-34 pg. Uma kungabonakali okungajwayelekile, lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi kukhona ukukhubazeka.

Ukwandisa izinga lixwayisa mayelana nokuba khona kwezinkinga zempilo kulezi zindlela ezilandelayo zomzimba womuntu:

• Ukukhubazeka kwesistimu ye-excretory nezinso;
• Ukuba khona kwezinguquko ezingenakuguquka ohlelweni lwe-pulmonary and cardiovascular.

Isiphetho

Kuncike ekuhloliseni izinkomba, ukwelashwa nokuqoqwa kwe-anamnesis eyengeziwe yesifo kunqunywe. Sihlolisise izincazelo eziyisisekelo zokukhomba zegazi.