UGalileo Omkhulu: isimiso wokuhlobana kwezinto kanye ukuguqulwa mechanical

Isikhova i-great usosayensi wase-Italy futhi usosayensi uGalileo Galilei kwadingeka laphakade umthelela zomlando on ukuthuthukisa hhayi kuphela wesayensi ethize: physics, omakhenikha, ukufunda izinkanyezi, kodwa futhi ithuthukiswe zezimiso eziyisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa isayensi bebonke, Lesimiso sokuhlobana uGalileo, ukuguqulwa kaGalileo liye laba nethonya abalulekile kwi ukwakheka esithombeni zanamuhla emhlabeni.

Scientific okutholakele isisusa uGalileo kwezinto isimiso ephenywa zokuhambisana amafomula sibonakalisa ukusheshisa motion zemizimba. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngokungabi bikho yokusheshisa isihlobo ukunyakaza uhlelo ezinye inkomba uhlelo, ukusheshisa umzimba maqondana zombili lezi zinhlelo kuyoba njalo eyaziwa.

Njengoba ngaphambili, ngokuvumelana nomthetho Newton, masisho ukuthi kuba main ukusheshisa ipharamitha echaza kinematics komzimba (umthetho 2 Newton), futhi amabutho kungenzeka engaphansi kuphela isikhundla kanye nosayizi velocities umzimba. UGalileo wangabaza lokhu kwencika phansi ukuthi kuleli cala, zonke zibalo ka Mechanics kuzothatha ifomu efanayo kunoma yiziphi izinhlelo inkomba. Isitatimende sokuthi ubeka uGalileo, isimiso wokuhlobana kwezinto uthi imithetho Mechanics abakwazi zincike lapho ohlelweni bahlolisisa kithi. Lesi simiso kungaba ngaphezulu kulula ukucabanga esenzweni kanje.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma ngiqhube ucwaningo kanyekanye kumagumbi amabili lapho omunye ihamba isihlobo komunye nomunye, umphumela lokuhlolwa yethu kuyoba kokubili amakamelo okufanayo.

Izimfuneko owasungulwa uGalileo, isimiso wokuhlobana kwezinto, ziye waqonda njengendlela postulate. Bekanye imithetho Newton, uGalileo, lokhu okutholakele, kanye kokuguquka kwakhe, waba elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni Mechanics njengoba isayensi.

ukuguqulwa waseGalile emkhakheni Mechanics futhi cishe washintsha eziningi ezazikhona imibono ngaphambili mayelana izinqubo lokukhanda. Ikakhulukazi, imithetho Ukudidiyela kugucuka ezenzeka aphuma ifreyimu eyodwa kuya kwenye, zidinga isikhathi esilinganayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho yelula welithi "isikhathi ngokuphelele". Kulokhu, ukuthi imangalelwe uGalileo, isimiso wokuhlobana kwezinto, ke uba kunjalo okhethekile umqondo Lorentz futhi kusebenza kuphela Isivinini esincane (Isivinini isihlobo yokukhanya, vele).

Kumele wathi ngaphambi physics kaGalileo cishe emhlabeni wafunda imisebenzi ka-Aristotle, okuyinto zavunyelwa e akhulelwe elifanayo ezintweni eziphilayo bemvelo indoda. Endabeni ezithile physics, u-Aristotle, isibonelo, wagomela ngokuthi ngesilinganiso ukuwa umzimba ithunzi elehlayo isisindo sayo nokuthi noma yikuphi ukunyakaza kwenzeka kuphela uma nje echayeke "umfutho". UGalileo waphika le miphumela futhi washayelwa izinqubo ezifanele ezembula kwesifo kweqiniso nesivinini kuncike esisindo ngesikhathi ukuhamba kwayo.

Okushiwo mechanical kwezinto waseGalile isimiso sayo saqale ezihlongozwayo encwadini yakhe "Dialogue Ngokuphathelene nokuba ababili Chief Umhlaba Systems." Ngo imigomo kakhulu elula kuba: izinto ukuhambisa efanayo, lokhu kuhamba akuthinti kuphela labo izinto awahlanganyeli bale nhlangano. Lesi sitatimende wamvumela ekuphikiseni ngokuphelele ezinye postulates heliocentrism Astronomical othi yokuthi Ukujikeleza eMhlabeni kuthinta inkambo izenzakalo ezenzeka kuyo.

Iqiniso lokuthi uGalileo wagomela, isimiso wokuhlobana kwezinto, ukuguqulwa yayo mechanistic yokuqagela kwezazi zefilosofi yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo kokutholakala imithetho eminingi physics ngemva kokufa usosayensi omkhulu. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, imithetho nokongiwa amandla, imithetho ka jika pendulum futhi imvamisa ukwabiwa, ebikezela, futhi waqamba ngisho umqondo ngokomzimba eliyisisekelo, njengoba isikhashana force.