Amabhuku ezentsha: for and against

Ngitshele ukuthi ngubani umngane wakho, futhi ngizokutshela ukuthi ungubani

Ukuxhumana nezincwadi ngokucacile akusilo elilodwa: umuntu ngokuziphendulela ngokujulile uhumusha le ncwadi, futhi le ncwadi, yona, ihumusha umuntu, iwuqede, njengokungathi kusuka kwendwangu yamatshe, izingcezu zokungabaza ngazo zonke izinto ezikhona futhi ezizungezile. Ngenxa yalokhu kusebenzisana kanye nobungane, kubonakala sengathi umuntu oyedwa uhlukile - umuntu ofunda nokucabanga, homo sapiens sapiens nge plus.

Kungashiwo ngenye indlela. Incwadi, uma uthanda, ingenye izwe lonke. Ngemuva kokungenelela lapho, umuntu onengqondo akanakwenzeka ukuba azishiye ithuba lokuhamba phambili ezindleleni zakhe ezihlukumezayo. Kodwa, uma kungenjalo, leli zwe liyingqayizivele. Zonke izithombe ezingokoqobo kakhulu, uma uzwa ngisho ne-rustle utshani nephunga, zonke izinhlamvu eziyiqiniso kakhulu ziyizindla zokuphila kwangempela kuphela. Into emangalisa kakhulu ukuthi ukucabanga kubathinta umhlaba weqiniso, ukulungisa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuwuguqula kunoma iyiphi indlela.

Kwenzekani ezincwadini zanamuhla zezingane? Yiziphi izincwadi ezenza izingane zifunde futhi kungani?

Njengoba ujwayele izinhlu ezimbalwa eziphezulu zezincwadi ezisencane, kuyacaca ukuthi izincwadi ezithandwayo ziyizinhlobo eziningi ze "fantasy" ezisebenzayo: ezivela ejwayelekile futhi ezithokozile "uHarry Potter" nomndeni onobungane wezintandokazi zothando ezingenakucabangeki, izinkolelo futhi akekho owaziyo ukuthi ubani. Lezi "ezingaziwa-" ezishintsha ngokuphepha ezocansi, zithola imizwa engaqondakali, okungesizathu esithile ngokulandelana kwezinto, ukufundela ezikoleni zokubhuka emilingo; Ukulwa okuhle ngokumelene nobubi, okubi ngokuhle nokunye. Kwenzenjani? Ukungenelela kwelinye izwe - incwadi - sigijimela ngisho nangaphezulu - singene kwisendlalelo esilandelayo - umcabango, uma ngingasho kanjalo, womlobi. Khona-ke kukhona umbuzo wemvelo: ingabe siqinisekile ngempela ngezinhloso zenhliziyo yomlobi we-crystal-pure, izimfanelo zakhe zokuziphatha ezingenakwenzeka, ulwazi oluhle kakhulu lwezinganekwane, lapho uhlobo oluthile lwefantasy lusekelwe khona? Ingabe umdali ohlonishwayo ukhuluma ngaphandle kwamanye amazwe asungulwe ngokungenangqondo, abalingiswa abathi, ngisho nangokweqile, abakwazi ukubonisa imibono namagugu amanga, izigaba ezihlanekeziwe nesimo sengqondo esiphambene naso? Ingabe udideka umfundi omncane ongokomoya, okulungele ngenhliziyo yakhe yonke ukwamukela izwe lakhe eliyinkimbinkimbi? Ifasitela kumaphupho - njalo njalo ku-ad infinitum. Ingabe kushisa kakhulu ngenxa yokuqonda kwentsha encane?

Isinyathelo esilandelayo esigabeni esithi "Izincwadi ezithakazelisayo kunazo zonke" zithathwa yiziveli zanamuhla. Lezi yizinto eziyinhloko zezincwadi ezisezingeni eliphezulu "kubantu abadala." Bane "konke" okudingekayo kwentombazane eneminyaka engu-13 kuya ku-16 ubudala: imali, ubulili, izidakamizwa, ukungalingani kwezenhlalakahle, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu - ukunambitheka kokuphila "kwangempela", okwenziwe ngokungahloniphi iqiniso nokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzwelo. Ngokuvamile, uma uvuma ngokuthembeka, izincwadi zanamuhla zanamuhla, ezithandwa ngabantu abasha, kakhulu, kakhulu kakhulu.

Noma kunjalo, uyini le mqondo - izincwadi ezinganeni? Ingabe lezo ezingeke zifundwe ngumuntu omdala noma lezo zakudala kakhulu ukuze zifunde ingane? Esikhathini sokuqala: kungani behlehliselwa abafundi abaphakathi naphakathi, kunokuba bahluke kubafundi noma abafundi abaphothule? Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umbono wabo uphenduliwe ohlangothini lwe-altare, imizwa yabo yingokoqobo, ayikwazi ukufihla noma ihlwitha, futhi isipiliyoni sabo sincane. Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi intombazane iyakwazi ukukhetha umtapo wayo. Futhi akukho ziphakamiso ezivela kubazali nabafundisi besikole ezingathinta kakhulu ukukhetha kwakhe. Kudingekile ukuqala ukululekwa kusukela eminyakeni encane kunazo zonke, ukubeka ngobumnene imidwebo yamamerica ejwayelekile yaseMelika ngezintando ezinomusa nezijulile, nemidlalo yekhompiyutha kanye nemiboniso ye-TV - ngezindaba ezijabulisayo nezisuka enhliziyweni.

Izincwadi ezinhle zentsha yilabo abafundiswa ngenjabulo ngumuntu omdala kunoma yimuphi ubudala.

Imisebenzi ka-Erich Maria Remarque ingaba yisinqumo esihle kakhulu. Akekho ofundela ukuziphatha lapha, ngoba iningi labalingiswa liyizingane ngokwabo, noma zisanda kubantwana, noma zihlala njalo phakathi kwazo. Bazwa imizwa ejulile, zama ukuqonda izwe elibazungezile, balwe, balwe, baphuze kakhulu, bafa ngokudabukisayo futhi bahlale phakade enhliziyweni yomfundi. Ngemuva kokufunda i-Remarque kunomzwelo ocacile futhi ocacile wokudabuka nokuhlanzwa okuncane. Yilezi zincwadi zentsha ezibeka umqondo wokuthembeka, ubulungiswa, ubungane beqiniso, uthando nesibindi.

Izindaba ezimfushane zika-Arkady Averchenko zigcwele ubuhle obuhle obuhle futhi bubucayi. Futhi vumela isenzo senzeke ekhulwini lokugcina - okuthakazelisayo kakhulu ukudweba ukufana futhi ngokumangala uzibonele wena, abangane bakho nezitha kumaqhawe anamnandi alo mlobi omuhle.

Izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zentsha zakhiwe ngabalobi baseSoviet uZoshchenko, u-Aleksin, uGaidar. Akukhona ukuthi bazibophezele emibonweni yeSoviet. Kuningi okuhle, okulungile nokungathembeki. Isakhiwo sobuciko bayo asiphansi kwababethi banamuhla.

Mhlawumbe okweqile kakhulu, okwenza kube "okudabukisayo" umsebenzi womlobi waseMelika uJerome David Salinger. Abalingiswa bakhe banobucayi, kakhulu ukuhambisana nensizwa futhi kuyiqiniso kangangokuthi ngezinye izikhathi umfundi uyesaba - umhlaba oqanjiwe uhlangana nezwe langempela.

Izingane ziyabantu abazwelayo, bayoqonda ngokushesha ukuthi yikuphi

Ithonya elingaphansi kwezezindaba - futhi intsha ngokwabo izothola izincwadi ezisebenzisekayo ngempela, lapho kukhona khona ingxenye encane yokuphila, kanye neyodwa efakwe ngothando ngombhali.