Stage ekukhuleni komphakathi, ngokuvumelana Marx no Toffler

Ezweni lanamuhla esiphila kulo namuhla, sidalwe phakathi nezinkulungwane zeminyaka kwakungelamuntu kuphela hhayi kakhulu ngenxa emisha technical. Futhi ngokulinganayo ku lasungulwa okuye kwathinta yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle. Ngamunye isikhathi emlandweni impucuko womuntu uqobo inezici isici. Esikhathini umcabango setepolitiki kanye nezomnotho emakhulwini okugcina, kwakukhona ukubukwa eziningi ezahlukene kakhulu futhi lisondela ukwahlukana yenqubo zomlando ngesikhathi zokukhula ezihlukene komphakathi wesintu. Namuhla, ngezigaba ethandwa iningi futurologist American Alvin Toffler. Kugcine ngamnyama esigabeni esilandelayo yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle emlandweni:

• umphakathi kokuLima. Lalimelela labantu cishe ngokuphelele ongumlimi. Kuyinto ukulima bezinga nemvelo bestovarny zokukhiqiza ephawula ukuthi le nkathi yokulindela ukuthuthukiswa.
• umphakathi Industrial. Yasungulwa ngenxa emisha okukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe ezikhathini zanamuhla: esikhundleni umsebenzi wezandla ukuze umshini kanye nentuthuko kwezezimboni. Lezi zinqubo ziye zaba nethonya elinamandla yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle, okwabangela ukuqubuka le ukwanda ubudlelwane kosozimali futhi babhekane nezinga elikhulu emphakathini.
• umphakathi Post-ezimbonini. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi esigabeni yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle akuyona nombala basakaza kuwo wonke amagumbi planethi. Inani lamazwe we "yezwe yesithathu" namuhla neze othola kwezimboni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uthi abaningi bamazwe aseNtshonalanga baye sivele sidlulile kulesi sigaba, engena esiteji ulwazi. umphakathi Post-zezimboni libhekene yokuthi iningi labantu kulo Akasekho wahlanganyela emsebenzini wokukhiqiza izinto ezibonakalayo. Lezi izinqubo ezenzakalelayo. Manje, inani labantu wahlanganyela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomsebenzi bokusungula.

buka kaMarx esigabeni yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle

Izinhlobo izinkampani Ngokombono ongokomlando, mhlawumbe ngisho ngokujulile futhi ngokugcwele liphenywa usosayensi German Karlom Marksom. Kamuva eziningi abalandeli bakhe. Empeleni, kungalesi sikhathi lapho indlela okokuqala futhi sicelwa ukuba sibheke umphakathi ngenxa ubudlelwano zokukhiqiza. Futhi le ndlela okwamanje eziphambili kakhulu futhi ethandwa (hhayi kuphela lamaKhomanisi noma imiqondo sezenhlalo). Stage ekukhuleni komphakathi kaMarx lahlukaniswa laba zokwakheka ezinhlanu eziyinhloko.

• imiphakathi lwasekuqaleni. Kulesigaba inkampani ayenzi noma yimuphi umkhiqizo ngokweqile. Zonke-ke washisa ngokushesha ngaphandle ezisalayo. Ngakho, akunakwenzeka ukuba babhekane nezinga elikhulu impahla.
• Slaveholding. Inhlalakahle zomphakathi ngokuyinhloko waphumula ophoqelelwe izigqila.
• Izinduna, lapho kwakukhona khona yokwehlayo ethize kakhulu akhonze futhi overlords. Ukukhukhuleka isakhiwo somphakathi onjalo kuyisisekelo sokuphila kwayo. An sici kumiswa ezibalulekile izinduna kuyinto nokudlanga zemvelo, bestovarnogo ukuphathwa. Ngokuthakazelisayo, esigabeni yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle abangu evezwe umsebenzi kaMarx ngesisekelo isipiliyoni European. Theorists bakholelwa ukuthi kwanda komlando jikelele. Nokho, kwacaca ukuthi, akusiyo. EMpumalanga, kwakukhona ehluke ngokuphelele, politarny imodi zokukhiqiza. Kube awuzange waphawula ibuphi ubuhlobo ngaphansi kwesizwe-suzerain noma yangasese (okubaluleke nakakhulu). Ngakho, feudalism wazibonakalisa mkhuba ngokuqinile European.
• Uhlelo lwe-capitalism. Ngokusho Marx, capitalism kwaba esikhundleni feudalism, lapho izindlela zobudlova yokuphoqelela abantu esenzweni esithile esikhundleni izindlela kwezomnotho, kukhona umqondo yebhizinisi, amakilasi ezintsha, njll
• kumiswa wamaKhomanisi. Nokho, ne-capitalism ivame ukuba ukuxhashazwa anda abasebenzi kanye Ukuwohloka njalo besimo sabo. Ngokusho Marxists, lesi simo yayizophela ngokushesha noma kamuva inguquko nokumiswa umphakathi okulinganayo emhlabeni. Lezi imibono baye baba nethonya elikhulu emlandweni iplanethi yethu XX. Nokho, okuhlangenwe nakho, njalo, yenze izinguquko eziphawulekayo ekuhloleni ukusebenza wobukhomanisi kanye nokuthuthukiswa lithi zama-Capitalist.