Potassium chlorate

Isikhathi esining impela kuba into okuthiwa i-potassium chlorate usawoti, wemithi ngegama France - Berthollet, abavule chlorate potassium, ifomula zazo liqoshwe njengombhali KClO3. Berthollet ucwaningo ukuthola kwabo ulwazi ngokuhambisana isenzo chlorine e isixazululo ane-alikhali ashisa kakhulu ngesikhathi yokusabela. Ngenxa yalokho okunjena zazitholakala potassium chloride, potassium chlorate kanye nama-molecule ezintathu amanzi. Uma sihlaziya ifomula we ketshezi, kufanele sikunake lokho bertoletova usawoti ocebile kakhulu umoya-mpilo.

Ngaphandle bertoletova usawoti kuyinto zinhlayiya kungekho nto enemibala emihle lapho abe kwabantu 2.32 amagremu ngamunye isentimitha cubic ngesikhathi 356oS lokushisa uqale zigcwale amanzi futhi ngezinye 400 ° C - ukubola. I solubility we ketshezi kuyinto 3.25 amagremu ngamunye engamakhulu amagremu i isixazululo aqueous ezingeni lokushisa 0 ° C. Njengoba kwanda lokushisa solubility potassium chlorate iyakhula.

Nge eyanele Ukushisa lokushisa kulula kakhulu "Babelana" ama-athomu mpilo kungenziwa esaboniswa i equation ezifana: 2KClO3 = 2KCl + 3O2.

Ngokuvamile, i-potassium chlorate is abasabela ngayo, lapho chlorine igesi sidlulile ngaphansi ophoqelelwe umfutho womoya ngokusebenzisa isixazululo lokushisa eliphezulu potassium - hydroxide noma carbonate.

Phakathi ukuphendula hydroxides, chlorine Ukusakaza oqondiswe 30% isixazululo potassium hydroxide, futhi lapho lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi carbonates isihlungi izenzo ezinjalo bagxila ezingeni ka 45% isixazululo-potassium carbonate.

Kubalulekile ukuthi phakathi nalo msebenzi okuholela zinhlayiya izinto musa clog ngakhoke izindlela igesi aphethe kufanele ahlinzeke phakathi kwe alonzha ukuphendula.

Khona-ke, i-potassium chlorate, etholwe ngendlela zinhlayiya okufanele kuhlungwe ngokusebenzisa ingilazi uboya yomiswa kahle. Kumele kugwenywe ukusetshenziswa isihlungi ubuchwepheshe izinto iphepha ngoba bertoletova usawoti bangase basabele ne fibre eziqukethwe iphepha, futhi kubangele ukuqhuma.

Kunezindlela eziningi lapho ungathola potassium chlorate usawoti. Sichaza ezinye zazo.

Maka igabha Wurtz 5-10 amagremu permanganate, bese usebenzisa uphondo wayekade elalikade ezidingekayo ukuze ufake negabha ikhambi, ekuqhumeni mayelana 30-70 ngamamilimitha kanzulu hydrochloric acid. Kungcono ngokuvamile ukwenza ukuvuza, ngoba ngale ndlela ngokuphumelela kakhudlwana kulawulwa izinga kumiswa chlorine ngesikhathi yokusabela.

Thola i-potassium chlorate ngu-electrolysis futhi angenza. Ngenxa yale njongo isixazululo kanzulu of abavamile usawoti ukubola kagesi. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela Kwenziwa kanje. Kuthatha ethile usawoti, okungcono non-iodized futhi indawo. Izinga imishini esetshenziswa ezimbili electrode graphite, ingilazi, izintambo zikagesi, i-beaker, igabha ongagcwali Wurtz. Izintambo exhunywe kwi- isinyathelo-phansi transformer nge rectifier oguqula AC ukuba DC. Electrolysis lwenziwe ezingeni lokushisa isixazululo 70 - 80 degrees.

Ukusabela yakha potassium chloride, okuyinto encibilikayo okuningi emanzini kuka bertoletova usawoti. Ngakho-ke, ngemva Yiqiniso ukuthi bayavuma, i-potassium chlorate imali kwi ezindongeni umkhumbi i-chloride potassium siphela emanzini.

Uma wenza ucwaningo ehlukahlukene ukusabela ngalolu ketshezi kudingekile ukuba banake yokuthi Izingxube, ikakhulukazi nge izinto zokwakha eziphilayo - eziyiziqhumane kakhulu, kanye "ezibucayi" ukuphendula zonke izinhlobo punches, ukuchayeka okushisa aphakeme. Phakathi izinto eziningi asebenzayo okuyinto basabela ngokuba usawoti chlorate zihlanganisa sulphur, antimony, evamile carbon omnyama, i-phosphorus abomvu, ngisho noshukela isitashi.

A engozini oluthile potassium perchlorate - potassium Perchlorate. Le ngxube has a kuqhume esinamandla kakhulu, ngakho isetshenziswa njengophawu "aphakathi ukusebenza" e namabhomu, projectiles nezimayini. Lapho kuqhubeka isikhathi eside isitoreji nezikhathi, lokhu kwakwakhe kungaba angesabi okhela.