Abangane Petru 1: uhlu. abangane abaseduze kaPetru 1

zonke Russian uPetru waziwa ngokuthi transformer esikhulu, esikhonza leliya lizwe kusukela 1689 kuya 1725. kwekuhlela kabusha kwakhe kwenziwe ngekota yokuqala ka ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili, ngokusho kwezazi-mlando, uye eyayimfuqa izwe ku emakhulwini amabili nanhlanu phambili. Ngokwesibonelo, Shcherbatov kunenkolelo ukuthi ngaphandle uPetru Russia ngabe kwadlula ngale ndlela iminyaka engamakhulu amabili, Karamzin babekholelwa ukuthi le nkosi yayiyisazi engamashumi amabili nanhlanu wenzé lokho abanye ungenzanga, futhi emakhulwini eminyaka eziyisithupha. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akekho umuntu noma enye mlando kwadingeka ukukuthanda ekhethekile kokubusa uPeter Omkhulu, kodwa simphika ukubaluleka kabusha igxathu elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni yezwe Bangawuthola cha.

Inkosi uqobo lwayo kwakhiwa retinue yakhe

Autocrat wayesehlala esihlalweni sobukhosi isiRashiya, yayaziwa ukuthuthukiswa yakhe enemisebenzi ukuthi ushiye isinyathelo esibalulekile kuwo Yaba yini abangane uPetru 1. Ukuze kukuhle enkosini, nawe kwadingeka ukuba umuntu onekhono, ehlakaniphile, abazikhandlayo njengoba umbusi yena. Futhi uPetru Okokuqala, mangisho, waba nenhlanhla ozakwabo, okuyinto wasidalula wakhetha phakathi izingxenye ezahlukene sabantu futhi wasebenzisa amakhono abo ukuze kuzuze isimo Russian.

Phakathi abasekeli autocrat babe abomdabu of serfs

Abanye beqembu kaPetru 1, uhlu okuyinto eside, bakhula nenkosi ndawonye kusukela zisencane. Kuyaziwa ukuthi u-Alexander Danilovich Menshikov wayevela umkhaya ovamile futhi wasebenza pirozhenschikom e neminyaka yakhe yakudala, lapho ehlangana ne ingozi lapho namanje inkosi abasha ezaziwayo. umfana Nesibindi njengoPetru futhi Aleksashka (njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi) owaba isosha sikanye indlalifa ezihlekisayo nangenhlelo. Ngo 1697 Menshikov wayiswa ukuqeqeshwa shipbuilding phesheya, lapho eseneminyaka nolimi esivela enkosini. Phakathi nale minyaka engu umfana wabonisa izimfanelo wafuna ukubonisa yinkosi yabo. Wayezinikele, ezikhuthele qaphani. Awu bamukela indlela okunengqondo ukucabanga enkosi yayo, ukusebenza eliphezulu futhi usuqala ukubusa nokuzinikezela egcwele. Menshikov wazibonisa njengoba umbusi Shlisselburg kanye ezempi ngaphansi umphathi ngesikhathi Noteburg.

Owabe pirozhenschik Menshikov ngempumelelo wayala regiments

Waziveza umuntu owayejwayelene kakhulu Petru 1 nakwamanye Arenas. Kuyaziwa ukuthi nguye ihlelwe ucinge imikhando we Baltic isitshalo lapho kudingeka ukuze usakaze inganono ezaziwayo. Ngo-1703, kanye uPetru Menshikov kwaba ukuhlakulela uhlelo ukuhlanza emlonyeni uMfula iNeva kusukela isitha. I 1704th Alexander Danilovich wahlinzwa brilliant ukuthatha Narva, futhi ngalesi sikhathi akabange inceku, umngani uzakwabo kombusi omkhulu Russian. kokufaneleka kwakhe zaziphawuleka autocrat e 1706, lapho pirozhenschik wangaphambili wathola isihloko iSikhulu njengombusi woMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma. Grand Duke manje, Nokho, azishintshile uyisififane, Nomfutho, umuntu entsha uqobo iqhaza kwezinye izimpi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi Perevolognoy dragoons yakhe ethumba 16.2 ayizinkulungwane lesitha.

Alexander Menshikov, umngane oseduze Petru 1, wahileleka kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwaleli dolobha enyakatho, futhi ngo-1712 wayala amasosha Russian e Pomerania, okuyinto won omunye ukunqoba. Ngemva kwalokho, intandokazi ezempi yenkosi akazange iqhaza ngenxa wamaphaphu okungenampilo. Esikhathini umphakathi, waba yini kangako ekwenzeni imisebenzi umbusi inhlokodolobha umhlaba, yilungu lephalamende kanye nomongameli Military Collegium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Menshikov wakhonza eziningi siqu ngithunyiwe autocrat, kuhlanganise ngokuqondene nabantwana yenkosi.

Kuvele isiko Russian ubudala: bona ukweba konke!

I ozithandayo, ngubani, kulinganiselwa ukuthi, kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe wayengakwazi ukufunda, akuhlukile kunaloyo lotfolwa ngibo bonkhe nabangane Petru 1, bahlanganyela ukuphenywa kokuphulwa endabeni Tsarevich Alexei futhi uqobo uhlu yabantu wasayina umusho isikhulu ukufa. Ngemva kwalezi zinto, Menshikov kwakuthandeka ikakhulukazi noPetru, ababengakholelwa amjezise kakhulu kabi izimali (inani intshontshiwe yayinkulu - ruble 1,581,519). Ngaphansi uPetru Menshikov Okwesibili yawela ihlazo, wakhunyulwa yazo zonke ezingeni futhi izihloko nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi Ranienburg ke e-birch, lapho afela khona ngo 1729, Esedabulile inkosi yabo iminyaka emine. Kodwa kungakenzeki lokho, kusukela 1725 kuze 1727 th, phakathi nokubusa Catherine, unkosikazi yenkosi ngasekupheleni, empeleni waba ngumbusi uncrowned kwemibuso ezinonileyo isikhathi.

swineherds Lithuanian iSigele

Ezinye izinhlamvu ngisho mlando ubheke abalandeli Petru 1? Lolu hlu ungaqala nesikhulu Romodanovsky. Futhi, ungakwazi zihlanganisa Prince Golitsyn, amagrafu Golovin, Prince Dolgoruky J., uBaron P. P. Shafirova, uBaron Osterman, B. K. Miniha, Tatishchev, Neplyuev, Lefort, Gordon, T. Streshneva, A. Makarov, YV Bruce P. M. Apraksina, B. Sheremetev, P. UTolstoy. Wabathanda kakhulu lab 'abantu uPeter wayemi ukuthola yonke indawo futhi kufakwe nethimba lakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, kukholelwa ukuthi isikhulu samaphoyisa jikelele Petersburg, Devier esengumfana gumbi emkhunjini isiPutukezi, Yaguzhinskii, njengoba kuboniswa amanye amaqiniso ngaphambi prime kwenkonzo yakhe sokuba umbusi-jikelele iSigele kwaba swineherd eLithuania. Kurbatov, umsunguli we iphepha isitembu kanti Usekela-Governor Arkhangelsk, waphuma serfs, nokunye. Futhi konke lokhu "Motley" inkampani, okulingana i abakanye Petru 1, wasusa namandla boyars ubudala.

Ukungqubuzana phakathi yinkosi kahle ozalwa nabasizi rootless babe

Nakuba phakathi omkhulu autocrat abasizi babe abantu abangaphezu kuka-lozalo oluvelele. Ngokwesibonelo, uBoris Petrovich Sheremetev kwaba umndeni ezihloniphekayo, wakhonza stolnik wathola isihloko ahlukile futhi wasebenza ehhovisi lenxusa ngesikhathi Princess UZandile. Ngemva kokugumbuqelwa yayo, wayengumuntu iminyaka eminingi ukhohlwe. Nokho, ngesikhathi Azov nemikhankaso kwakudingeka inkosi ithalente Sheremeteva njengoba umholi wamasosha, futhi Boris ewunikwe bathethelele amathemba. Ngemva kwalokho Sheremetev umsebenzi ababulawa kahle e-Austria futhi Polish-Lithuanian Commonweath kuhle like inkosi yabantwana ezinhle futhi ngokushesha ukufunda ukuphila kwaseNtshonalanga kokuthanda ingubo nokuziphatha.

Abalandeli bakaJesu abaningi Petru 1 nengxenye imikhankaso yezempi wenkosi yabo. Hhayi lisinde kulokhu ukudalelwa futhi Boris Sheremetev. ukuhola kwakhe ithalente wazibonakalisa 1701, lapho wanqoba abaseSweden behlukanisa zabantu 21 000, kuyilapho Russian efile elahlekile amadoda ayisishiyagalolunye kuphela. Ngo-1702 Sheremetev athumba empumalanga Livonia, e-1703 wathatha nut castle, futhi ukuthi ukunqoba kwakhe futhi ukusondela ukuba yinkosi iphelile, njengoba Sheremetev uPetru kubhekwe too slow, futhi kubalwa, kodwa siqaphela ukuthi abantu abayize ekufeni ngeke kuthumele. Sheremetev nje njengomuntu Aristocrat ozalwa, becikekile ukuziphatha okulula inkosi kanye nabo bonke abanye inkampani, izintandokazi nerodovityh. Ngakho-ke, ubuhlobo kwenkosi Field Marshal ezazithe esisemthethweni.

A ayeyinzalo ka amakhosi England enkonzweni sikaPeter Omkhulu

uthando Special phakathi kwamadoda asebukhosini isiRashiya, futhi phakathi kwabantu abavamile, futhi kubantu abavela kwamanye amazwe ka nethimba yenkosi owafika waseScotland wazakhela abakanye uPetru 1. Gordon Patrick (eRussia - Peter Ivanovich), kwakungelona elula uhlobo, umugqa oqondile zezakhi zofuzo akhe enyukela inkosi England, kaCharles II. Waqeda Datsigskuyu Brausborskuyu ekolishi, waba yisosha Swedish, lathunjwa nabasePoland, lapho, kubonakala ngokuthi inxusa ukuba Leontiev Warsaw, washintshelwa akhonze eRussia, okuyinto eye yaphumelela kahle impi ukhushuliwe uLieutenant jikelele, wamiswa esikhundleni esiphezulu sokuphatha eKiev.

Khona-ke Gordon wazibangela ulaka Prince Golitsyn futhi zehliswa ezikhundleni, kodwa kamuva wabuyiselwa isikhundla laqokwa induna Butyrka Regiment. Ngo 1687 Peter abasha olwenziwa kubukezwa Abezempi futhi lagcwala uzwela abezinye izizwe abaye aqiniswa 1689, ngesikhathi izenzakalo ezaholela ukuxoshwa UZandile ebhodini. Ngemva ukushaywa jikelele zintathu, abakanye Petru 1, Patrick Gordon baba umfundisi autocrat ezindabeni ezempi. Akenzi amnike imfundo umnyuziki theory, kodwa okuningi izingxoxo, kusekelwa isinyathelo esiwusizo. Ngo 1695-1696 GG. Gordon ezimpini ukuvinjezelwa Azov, e 1696 ngosizo ukuyiveza kuvukela Musketeers. Washona lo muntu ngesikhathi lakhe 1699, kuthe bengasifumani izinguquko ezinkulu ebuthweni Russian. Yazi ukuthi izinga Field Marshal lapho uPetru ayekucabanga kwakungeyona enjalo ayebambisene njengoba Ya. V. Bryus, A. D. Menshikov, B. K. Minih, BP Sheremetev.

Wasungula esifundeni yesimanje eMoscow

Admiral, abakanye Petru 1, Franz Lefort, lapha emhlabeni ukuzosifela njengomhlatshelo Gordon, e 1699, ukuphila oneminyaka engu-43. Yena uvela emndenini ocebile, yazalwa ngo-Geneva. ERussia, wafika ngo-1675, ngoba lapha wathembisa elisezingeni likakaputeni. Lefort wokuziphilisa omuhle lula umshado umzala nenkosikazi yakhe yokuqala P. Gordon. Waba khona izimpi kanye AmaTatar phezu Little Russian e-Ukraine, kokubili imikhankaso YaseCrimea, phakathi nokubusa UZandile ngajabulela indawo Prince Golitsyn. Kusukela 1690 Lefort, njengoba indoda ebukekayo, ingqondo ebukhali, lapho isibindi, wabonwa sikaPeter Omkhulu futhi waba umngane omuhle kuye, ukuthuthukisa eRussia phakathi isiko European. E-Moscow, wamisa Lefortovo Sloboda, baphelezela inkosi e White Sea Uhambo Pereyaslavskoe echibini. Wabuye iqhaza umqondo oqukethwe Elikhulu Embassy of Russia e kwemibuso yaseYurophu, okuyinto iholwa.

UGrigory Potemkin wayengalokothi umhlobo sikaPeter Omkhulu

Ezinye izakhamuzi ukukholelwa ukuthi umuntu kumhlobo kaPetru 1, Potemkin Grigoriy Aleksandrovich, wenza umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni isimo Russian. On indima Potemkin kule nqubo, umuntu angabona phikisana isikhathi eside, kodwa khumbula ukuthi wayengathembekile umhlobo sikaPeter Omkhulu emisebenzini yakhe, ngakho wazalwa ngo-1739, sekudlule iminyaka elitshumi lane ngemva kokufa le nkosi enkulu. Ngakho-ke imisebenzi Potemkin zaba phakathi nokubusa uCatherine II, intandokazi okwakukhona lokhu sikahulumeni.