Romanovs. Omele lokuqala Romanov lwamakhosi ohlanga esihlalweni sobukhosi Russian

Romanovs - kuyinto umndeni lasendulo ezihloniphekayo, elimalungu alo egqoka lelo gama kusukela maphakathi nekhulu le-16. Ngemva kwesikhashana, ukuthi babé yinto lwamakhosi yonke ka tsars Russian nababusi. Omele lokuqala Romanov lwamakhosi ohlanga esihlalweni sobukhosi Russian - Michael Fedorovich owaphana 1613 futhi sekuyinto. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa izenzo ezinkulu le Tsar wokuqala Russian we Romanov lwamakhosi.

I ekuqaleni kwenkathi we Romanovs

ukubusa Russian sobukhosi

Ikusasa omele lokuqala Romanov lwamakhosi ohlanga esihlalweni sobukhosi isiRashiya, wazalwa uNkulunkulu 1596 (12 Julayi). esengumntwana yayenza emzaneni Domnin (Kostroma fiefdom Romanovs). Abazali bakhe - Fyodor futhi Xenia - babeboshelwe ukushushiswa ngaphansi Boris Godunov. Bona ngenkani tonsured njengoba indela futhi begqunywa ejele e ephathelene nokuphatha izindela. Ubaba Filaret waziwa khona, futhi unina - UMarta. Kamuva Mikhail Fedorovich ukhombe uyise Umbhishobhi omkhulu eMoscow All Russia.

Lutho neze Mikhail Fedorovich engu-16 ubudala, njengoba Zemsky Sobor, eyayihlanganisa abameleli cishe zonke kwezakhi yezenhlalakahle yezwe, akhethwe abe yinkosi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1613.

kuthula

Phakathi Russia nase Poland kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kwaba nobuhlobo oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngo 1617 Polish amabutho wasondela eMoscow. Phakathi kwala maqembu womabili aqala izingxoxo okwaphela i ukuxolelana. Ngenxa yalokho yasePoland, ezinye Seversk umhlaba wanikwa, kanye Smolensk esifundeni. IRussia ngo ukubuya ithole ikhefu kancane kusukela ubudlova njalo yasePoland.

Umhlangano we ubaba nendodana

Ngemva konyaka lo nabasePoland kuthula wakhululwa ekuthunjweni, Metropolitan Filaret - uyise inkosi. Omele lokuqala Romanov lwamakhosi uyise omzalayo naye ngo 1619 kwi emfuleni Presnya.

"Owesibili umbusi"

Ngokushesha Filaret waqokwa Umbhishobhi omkhulu Zonke Russia. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe lapho empeleni ngokwayo imithetho isimo. Michael Inkosi yayingafuni lutho izinqumo ngaphandle kwemvume kayise. Le nzalamizi yanikezwa ilungelo lokuzikhethela igunya sesonto, ukuzibandakanya ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezihlukahlukene Zemsky. ulaka lwakhe "kwaba opalchiv futhi osolisayo." Kwakuthiwa ngisho nenkosi uqobo - wokuqala Romanov lwamakhosi - wamesaba!

diarchy

Ubaba nendodana ndawonye sicabangisisa ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto, luwathathe isixazululo jikelele. Bakhandwa ethola amanxusa akwamanye amazwe, wahlanganyela umklomelo ka-diploma double nezipho double. Ngakho wayefuna omele lokuqala Romanov lwamakhosi. Phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi Russian empeleni eNgophezukonke ezimbili, singabali le Boyar Duma kanye Zemsky Sobor.

umsebenzi State

• Ekuqaleni, indima yokuba Zemsky Sobor ikhule kakhulu, kodwa umzimba kudala njengoba 1622 uhulumeni baqala obize irregularly futhi njalo.
• Lapho iRussia yasayina isivumelwano sokusungula zezivumelwano zokuthula nge -Commonwealth neSweden, ngoba kuye kuba isikhathi sokuthula nokuzola.
• Ngaphansi Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich abathengisi athola amalungelo akhethekile. Ngokushesha kwabonakala sengathi eRussia ifektri sokuqala ngqa - izimboni ephethwe.
• Tsar Mikhail isikhipha umyalo abuyiselwe ukunyatheliswa (Esikhathini Nezinkinga Ukuphrinta Indlu imishini ukuphrinta yayishiswa).
• Umbusi wokuqala Romanov lwamakhosi owethulwa inqwaba emisha lobuchwepheshe kanye ithalente ezisunguliwe, kuhlanganise iwashi yesiteleka, esisogwini ezibiyele sika Spassky Tower.
• Lapho kwenziwa ukwakhiwa asebenzayo imibhoshongo, amasonto, ukukhanda senziwa izindonga ezibiyele, enwetshiwe egcekeni zezinzalamizi, ngokufaka endaweni Kremlin.
• Russia athuthukise eSiberia. Nakho kulele imizi Krasnoyarsk, Yakutsk, Yeniseysk, ejele ahambisanayo namaklabhu lakhiwa.

Nkulunkulu Londoloza Tsar!

Ubaba Mikhail Fedorovich wafa ngo-1633. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, boyars wazama ngandlela-thile ukuthonya inkosi, kodwa wamelana naso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, washayiswa ukugula engathí sina, kamuva kwacaca sokuvuvuka. Ngemva kokufa engu-12 yena omele lokuqala Romanov lwamakhosi ohlanga esihlalweni sobukhosi Russian. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1645 (13 Julayi). Wembelwa Ingelosi Eyinhloko Cathedral (eMoscow ezibiyele).