Ubani owabulala u-Alexander 2 futhi kungani? Lapho u-Alexander wabulawa 2?

UMbusi wehlela emlandweni ne epithet 'umkhululi', bafeza eminyaka ubudala iphupho abantu ukuqedwa serfdom, waba yisisulu abantu bantu, kuya ukuhleleka kuka zokuphila wasifaka umzamo kangaka. Ukufa kwakhe kuphakamisa imibuzo eminingi phakathi mlando. Siyazi igama amaphekula wajikijela ibhomu, futhi, nokho, umbuzo othi "Kungani babulele Alexander 2? 'Futhi has impendulo ecacile kube yilolu suku.

Izinguquko nemiphumela yako

umsebenzi State u-Alexander 2 zingaba enomfanekiso isaga odumile "uphahlwe zinezinhloso ezinhle umgwaqo esihogweni." Esihlalweni sobukhosi eneminyaka engu-engamashumi amathathu nesithupha, wenza uchungechunge kugucuka olukhulu. Wakwazi ukuqeda oyinhlekelele Russia iMpi YaseCrimea, ehluleka ngendlela engenathemba uyise - UNicholas I. Kukhanseliwe serfdom. izinsizwa Aqine, owethulwa uhulumeni wendawo wenze kabusha zokwahlulela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakwazi ukunciphisa ukucwaninga izici lula travel phesheya.

Nokho, umphumela wazo zonke iziqalo bakhe okuhle, kufakwe umlando Russia njengoba "kwekuhlela kabusha enkulu", kwaba phansi we abalimi, akhululwa ebugqilini, kodwa engalali umthombo wabo oyinhloko yokuziphilisa - umhlaba; Ukuwohloka zabanikazi wangaphambili - nezicukuthwane; inkohlakalo, esehlanganise yonke imikhakha kahulumeni; uchungechunge amaphutha ngeshwa e inqubomgomo angaphandle. Ngokusobala, ngo inhlanganisela yazo zonke lezi zinto futhi kufanele sifune impendulo yombuzo kungani wabulawa Alexander 2.

Ukuqala umucu ukuhlaselwa

Emlandweni Russian wayengeyena umbusi, okwakuyoholela njalo futhi laqonda wazama ukubulala. Alexander 2 senziwa imizamo eziyisithupha, eyokugcina eyabonakala inhlekelele kuye. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba "Narodnaya Volya" - inhlangano owabulala u-Alexander 2 - wamemezela ngokugcwele ukhona, uhlu kwamaphekula wavula olulodwa Dmitry Karakozov. April 4, 1866 (zonke izinsuku banikwa esihlokweni, isitayela esisha), wacibishela kuKesari, ephuma esangweni engadini Summer ku iNeva yashayisa unqenqema. Wadubula akuphumelelanga, ukuthi kwasindisa ukuphila Alexander.

Umzamo esilandelayo senziwa Meyi 25, 1867 ku Paris basemazweni okufika Polish Anton Berezovsky. Lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi kuhambele uMbusi ngesikhathi Fair Wezwe. I Bhalobhasha aphuthelwe. isenzo sakhe kamuva wachazela labo aphindisele nkosi Russian nokucindezela onegazi kwavukelwa isiPolish 1863.

Lokhu kwalandela kuhlasela April 14, 1879, wenza umhlala zekhotho Collegiate Aleksandrom Solovovym, ingxenye yenhlangano "Land and Freedom". Wakwazi ubuka uMbusi ngesikhathi Palace Square ngesikhatsi ukuhamba kwakhe evamile, okuyinto ayezenza wedwa futhi ngaphandle ukuvikelwa. Umhlaseli lona udlule ukwenze amashothi amahlanu, kodwa konke lokho akusizi.

Aseqala of the People

1 kuZibandlela ngonyaka ofanayo, emzamweni wakhe wokuqala kwenziwa Abantu eyabulala Alexander 2 ngemva kweminyaka emibili. Bazama kuqhunyiswa isitimela wasebukhosini phakathi umzila wakhe eMoscow. Kuvikelwe ukuqaphela amacebo ethu bug ngenxa okuyinto yasha akulona ukwakheka uMbusi wahlala bengenamiyocu kulesi sigameko.

Futhi, ekugcineni, uchungechunge imizamo kuhlulekile uqeda ukuqhuma waduma Februwari 17, 1880 phansi lokuqala Winter Palace. Kungenze ilungu lenhlangano "Yabantu Will" UStepan Khalturin. Lokhu kwakunjalo zokugcina, lapho isiphetho uMbusi nokusindisa izimpilo. Kulokhu u-Alexander 2 ukulondolozwa ekufeni ilitshe selishonile ilanga eyodla, futhi umshini Infernal wasebenza engekho. Kakade umsebenzi okhethekile kahulumeni waqokwa ngesonto yokulwa nobuphekula nokugcina ukuhleleka ezweni.

Igazi yashayisa unqenqema canal

Ephukile kuKesari kwaba Mashi 13, 1881. Ngalolu suku, yena, njengenjwayelo, ebuya amabutho yesehlukaniso e Mikhailovsky Manege. Ngemva kokuvakashela endleleni Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna, u-Alexander waqhubeka nendlela yabo, baya yashayisa unqenqema we Catherine Canal, lapho alinda khona ngoba amaphekula.

Igama Indoda eyabulala Alexander 2, manje eyaziwa kahle kubo bonke. Lena Pole, umfundi Petersburg Polytechnic Institute Ignatius Grinevitsky. Wayiphosa ibhomu kulandele umngane wakhe Nikolaem Rysakovym futhi metnuvshy umshini Infernal, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Lapho ukuqhuma kokuqala ezilimele kuKesari ephumile ikalishi, Grinevitsky bayiphonsa ibhomu ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakhe. Olimele umbusi eyayilimele wayiswa Winter Palace, nalapho afike ashonela khona ngaphandle ngiphaphama.

ukuphikiswa enkantolo

Nokho, ngo-1881, lapho wabulawa Alexander 2, umsebenzi walo myalo isimo, nakuba ngaphandle nibonakala wanikeza umbono womsebenzi okunomkhuhlane, kwakubonakala engajwayelekile. Izazi-mlando unesizathu sokukholwa ukuthi kokufa kuka-Alexander kwaba umphumela uzungu elite enkantolo, okokuqala kunakho konke, engajabule nezinguquko ovulekile olwenziwa yilo mbusi, futhi okwesibili, besaba nokuthi bangase umthethosisekelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhla izicukuthwane eliphakeme kuhlanganisiwe abaninimhlaba elalahlekelwa yiyo serfs zabo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela baye balahlekelwa kakhulu. Kwakungumsebenzi isizathu esicacile uyayizonda umbusi. Uma sicabangela le ndaba le engela, kungase kucace ukuthi kungani wabulala u-Alexander 2.

A ukungenzi ongaziwa UMnyango Wamaphoyisa

UMnyango Amaphoyisa nezenzo zabo kubangela ukudideka zomthetho. Kuyaziwa ukuthi eyaziwa esikhathini esingaphambili lokubulala imibiko eminingana kusondela ukuhlasela, ngisho wabonisa indawo kungenzeka utholiwe. Nokho, ayikho impendulo kulo ingalandelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho onogada yomthetho kwabikwa ukuthi ku Malaya Sadovaya - luseduze endaweni lapho u-Alexander wabulala 2 - misela indlela iziqondiso zalo kungenzeka, bona yayiba kuphela ukuhlolwa ngokudlulisa amehlo izakhiwo ezisetshenziselwa Umhubhe lwenziwe.

Lutho eqaphela (noma angatholi kunesidingo ukuqaphela), i-Amaphoyisa baye bavumela abashokobezi ukuqhubeka ukulungiselela kuhlasela. Kwakubonakala sengathi othile likwazi ukuboshwa nokuqaqwa ngamabomu ezandleni izigebengu ngokufuna ukusebenzisa ukuba afeze amacebo abo. I izinsolo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lapho wehlelwa usizi eyenzekile, futhi umbusi, owayeboshiwe esigodlweni nokuba yiqembu eliphikisayo elinamandla limukile, bonke abahlanganyeli kokubulawa baboshwa rapidity ezimangalisayo. Akungabazeki ukuthi Amaphoyisa lakwazi kahle okufanele inhlangano wabulala u-Alexander 2.

izinkinga of ngokulandelana

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbuzo owabulala u-Alexander 2 (noma ngokunembe kakhudlwana, kwaba umhleli wangempela ukubulala), ukucabangela futhi obumbi dynastic oqubuke esigodlweni. Indodana yakhe indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi, Ngokuzayo mbusi Alexander III, waba nazo zonke izizathu banovalo ngekusasa yabo. Iqiniso lokuthi ekuqaleni kwalowo nyaka, lapho wabulawa Alexander 2, uMbusi, okumenza ukumelana edingekayo izinsuku ezingamashumi amane ngemva kokushona komkayo semthethweni Maria Alexandrovna, washada ne inkosazana eyithandayo Ekaterinoy Dolgorukovoy.

Njengoba sazi ukuthi uyise ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa ngaphambi waveza isifiso sawo sokuba asuse kuye kusukela esigodlweni Aleksandr Aleksandrovich angaphetha kalula ngokuthi umqhele ayehlele ungadluli kuye kodwa zanikeza umntwana ozelwe umshado entsha. Ukuvimbela lokhu can kuphela ukufa ngokuzumayo, futhi banikezwe kumzamo wangaphambili, wayezoba akekho asole.

Eyokuqala emlandweni wanamuhla nhlangano amaphekula

Noma ubani wabulala Tsar Alexander 2 (amaphekula Ignatius Grinevitsky), wayeyilungu inyunyana komhlaba, "Narodnaya Volya". Kukholakala ukuthi kwaba wokuqala emlandweni wanamuhla wenhlangano amaphekula. Useke ezikhethekile kuphela ngamacala okubulawa kosopolitiki, obonile kuphela indlela ukushintsha isimiso esasikhona.

It sakhiwa abantu ababengabendlu imikhakha ahlukahlukene umphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, Sofia Perovskaya, ngqo baqondisa umzamo kokubulawa on the Catherine Canal, kwaba noblewoman, ngisho indodakazi umbusi Petersburg, futhi uzakwabo emzabalazweni, futhi enhliziyweni yomuntu ngamunye Zhelyabov - livela emkhayeni serfs.

umusho yinkosi

Njengoba ukhethe indlela yokwesaba ukuba afinyelele imigomo yezombusazwe, asendleleni umhlangano wabo wokuqala, aphethwe ngo-1879, lapho Enesikhathi isigwebo sentambo ngo-Alexander 2 futhi eminyakeni elandelayo wahlanganyela ukuqaliswa isinqumo salo. Kubo kwakubalulekile ukuba abhubhise autocrat, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzeka futhi kulokho ngonyaka. Kushone 2 Alexander sezinhlanya, hhayi schadivshie for nakancane imibono wamavukelambuso futhi ukuphila kwabo, abantu abangabazi ingasaphathwa.

Nokho, entwasahlobo ill-fated babenesizathu esihle ukushesha. I amaphekula ukwazi ukuthi mhlaka-14 Mashi okunikezwe ukwamukelwa nomthethosisekelo nokuthi ungase ukuvumele lokho, ngoba, ngokusho izibalo zabo, ukwamukelwa kwenkolelo-idokhumenti kangako emlandweni kungaba ukunciphisa izinga ukungezwani social ezweni futhi wawubaphuca emzabalazweni ukwesekwa kazwelonke. Kwanqunywa ukuthi yini okwakudingeka ukuba asuse inkosi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Kuhlolwe amaqiniso zomlando

Indaba isibe igama Indoda eyabulala Alexander 2, kusale izinyawo zakhe umshini Infernal, kodwa neze mlando uzokwazi ukufakazela ubuqiniso noma ukwehluleka okusolakala ukuthi abathintekayo kulolo zungu emibuthano enkantolo futhi indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi. Imibhalo ezisikhanyisela ngale ndaba, akukho. Kukholakala ukuthi initiators kokubulawa nabadubuli zawo zazilotshiwe intsha, amalungu enyunyana komhlaba "Narodnaya Volya".

Phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet zonke izinhlangano ukuthi walwa autocracy, touted njengoba abakhulumeli lweqiniso zomlando. Izenzo zabo senalungisiswa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungakanani futhi abagazi labo lachitheka. Kodwa uma umbuzo ukubuza namuhla: "Bobani Abantu eyabulala Alexander 2 - izigebengu noma cha," ezimweni eziningi impendulo inguyebo.

Isikhumbuzo kuya Tsar umkhululi

Umlando ikufakazele ukuthi umgomo ngaso sonke isikhathi bathethelele indlela, futhi ngezinye izikhathi wabalwela imbangela nje liphakathi izigebengu. Ngakho-ke, umuntu owabulala u-Alexander 2, akazange abe ukuziqhenya Russia. Igama lakhe bengabizwanga emigwaqweni yomuzi futhi izikwele wayengabhekiseli esakhiwe izikhumbuzo. On umbuzo ukuthi, kulokho ngonyaka wabulawa Alexander 2, uyophendula eziningi, kodwa ukuqamba igama umbulali sika kunzima.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwi ukufa indawo ye wabulala uMbusi-umkhululi wakha ithempeli elihle, edume ngokuthi uMsindisi Yegazi ezichithekile, waba lesikhumbuzo okuphakade. Phakathi neminyaka obscurantism yizwe elingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ke wazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukungethusa ukuze sehlise, kodwa isikhathi ngasinye amandla isandla engabonakali izigangi angazibulali. Call Ingabe kwakudaliwe, kungaba ngomunwe kaNkulunkulu, kodwa inkumbulo ka-Alexander 2, ukunqamula amaketango serfdom, futhi manje kukhanya igolide domes, nababulali bakhe wake waya ebumnyameni yomlando.