Red asemaqeleni zohlobo izinkomo: izici, izithombe, ikakhulukazi yokuzalanisa

Red asemaqeleni zohlobo avalele izinkomo isiqondiso kuchazwa njengoba omunye the best in the ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union. Pets ngokuphelele bazivumelanisa ezomile zone asemaqeleni. Njengoba isibalo imfuyo zohlobo emhlabeni futhi engxenyeni yesibili endaweni Ukraine neRussia. Izinkomo zalolu hlobo ingatholakala Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, eCaucasus.

indaba

umlando Breeding kuhlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-18 kuze kube manje. Nakuba enkulu emaqeleni enkulu kokudla izilwane ukuba eziqinile kakhulu, kodwa umkhiqizo ongaphakeme. Ayisebenzi - kuyinto ezifundazweni eziseningizimu ye-Ukraine, ngokunembile, endaweni Zaporozhye. Kuyinto esingokomfanekiso lokhu zohlobo wazalwa loMfula imifula ubisi.

Ukuze kwandiswe ezithela edingekayo waphonsa-high blood izilwane ngibekezele. Red asemaqeleni zohlobo izinkomo (isithombe embhalweni) zivelaphi impikiswano. Ochwepheshe ngazwilinye eyodwa kuphela - ekudalweni iqhaza izinkomo ecdemic. Kunemibono eminingana ngokuphathelene nemvelaphi:

• indlela lasetshenziswa futhi kancane eheha ingqondo engu- zokuzala Omkhulu zinhlobo Ukrainian nesibabule (kokubili sendawo) izinkomo obomvu German;
• kuyinto Ukuvezwa wendawo bomdabu, eyasungulwa engu-150 edlule futhi ngokuthi "kolonistskoy abomvu" noma "Red German", igama esivela yakhe - abanikazi bamakoloni German;
• kuba isiphambano phakathi izinkomo Swiss kanye Franconian;
• kuba isiphambano phakathi kwezinye izilwane - futhi tronderskoy angelnskoy;
• isakhiwo beyizalaniselana izinkomo wendawo grey Ukrainian nge ostfrizslyandskoy obomvu kuqala, bese omunye nge angelnskoy, vilstermarshskoy namanye izinhlobo European.

I kwaphumela kwekhulu le-19 kuya ekuqaleni afanayo ngokwanele labantu eyohlobo buhlanjululwe "a". Breed yabhaliswa ngo-1923, kube olwaqala amapulazi zizalela ezwe elaliyi-USSR. Red asemaqeleni zohlobo izinkomo eKazakhstan, Ukraine, eRussia, Belarus, inani imfuyo awehleli ngezansi indawo yesithathu.

zizalela

Ukudalwa ukuqhubeka izinhlobo kokusebenza kanzima imini yonke. It is atehlukaniseki ukuze intuthuko yezenhlalo nezomnotho umbuso, futhi wadlala indima ezingokomlando ezibalulekile. Iyathinteka futhi abomvu asemaqeleni izinkomo zohlobo. Ikakhulukazi ukuzalela ngesikhathi izigaba zokuqala zazimi kanje:

• abakhethelwa ukukhiqizwa ubisi;
• ezikhethwe ngokucophelela izilwane ngezizathu zomthethosisekelo;
• esezele amathole ngokushesha uthathile futhi razdaivali izinkomo ngaphandle izinyane;
• Izifiki aqinisekiswa uhlobene eduze umkhiqizo kanye suit (kwakucatshangwa ukuthi izinkomo umbala obomvu kanye abomvu ansundu ukunikeza ezithela elikhulu), futhi akhethiwe izinkomo ngisho ngesisekelo salokhu.

Umphumela eside (eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-100) ukukhetha izimo ezithile zezulu bekulokhu ukudalwa zohlobo iqembu asemaqeleni izinkomo eziqinile yobisi obomvu isudi ne Ingaphandle isici kanye umkhiqizo kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu.

IMisa nokukhanda zizosengwa izinqubo afunekako ukwenza ngcono ukubambana lezifuyo ngenhlobo nenqubo ye-ukuma umbele futhi ukwandisa ubisi isivuno. Esikhathini 60s kwekhulu lamashumi amabili abomvu asemaqeleni izinkomo abangu esehlanganise izinkunzi Angler. Kukhethwa lezi zilwane akuyona ngephutha:

• Okokuqala, amadwala babe zofuzo umndeni;
• okwesibili, abe uhlobo olufanayo lokugayeka kokudla;
• nowesithathu, banayo indlela efanayo umkhiqizo;
• yesine, Angler abantu babe ubisi okusezingeni eliphezulu, iphesenti elikhulu lokuqukethwe fat ubisi, isisindo somzimba ngaphezulu, futhi okubaluleke - kangcono ingashintshwa ukuze umshini zizosengwa.

Esikhathini esizayo, amatshe eyenziwa ngegazi ezinikwe Danish. Esikhathini 90 nzalo emithathu lozalo wanika ezithela ezine nengxenye ayizinkulungwane amalitha ubisi nge okuqukethwe amanoni 3,82%. Hhayi indima wokugcina kumiswa ukubukeka wanamuhla izilwane kudlalwa Holsteins. zohlobo ngalunye zashiya izibazi:

• Red asemaqeleni izinkomo - ukukhuthazela nokuvumelana nezimo ukuze izimo etilongweni;
• Angler - nezimo of umbele futhi iphesenti eliphezulu lokucuketfwe fat;
• "Danes" - ukusetshenziswa eside futhi ezithela eliphezulu;
• Holsteins - isisindo umzimba esikhulu, ngcono umbele ukuma ingashintshwa ukuze umshini zizosengwa.

sici

Kuze kube manje, izilwane kuphela zingezinye zezibhedlela ezihamba e-Ukraine, eRussia kanye Kazakhstan. Uyini Red asemaqeleni zohlobo izinkomo? Isici:

• ezifuywa ekhulwini 18-19 e-Ukraine;
• ukukhiqiza uhlobo - ubisi;
• zingumzimba ezomile, umthethosisekelo eqinile;
• izinkunzi baphile isisindo - 900 kg, izinkomo - 400-500 kg;
• isisindo esibaya lokuzalwa: Dima - 27-30 kg, kwakunikelwa ngezinkunzi ezingu - 35-40 kg;
• isivuno isilinganiso rock - 3 500-4 000 kg (Plemreproductor - 4 500-6 000 kg), nge okuqukethwe amanoni 3.5%;
• ukusetshenziswa kwezomnotho - 4,74 lactation;
• ifinyelela zizalela yobudala amaphuphu ezinyangeni ezingu-18, kanye isisindo bukhoma 320-350 kg.

umkhiqizo

Red asemaqeleni zohlobo izinkomo ubisi isivuno kubhekwa okuhle. Ubangela isilinganiso ubisi isivuno amabanga kusuka 3500 kuya 4000 kg ubisi. amapulazi Ngokuzalanisa anezinga eliphakeme: kuyadingeka ngokwesilinganiso kusuka 4000 kuya 5000 kg, rekordistki bayakwazi kuze kufinyelele amalitha abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nambili ubisi, okuqukethwe amafutha lingafika ku-5%.

Nothile Kuveza incike izinga amadlelo isikhathi sonyaka ziklabe khona. Imiphumela engcono kakhulu ukufeza ezonini asemaqeleni. Izilwane ezifuywayo evundile iminyaka emithathu eyensikazi olulodwa ungathola inzalo ezine. I break ephakathi ngokuzala amankonyane okuncane ngaphezu konyaka (izinsuku 380). Ukuvimbela inhlamvu esuka Dima 40 ukuze izinsuku ezingu-60.

Inyama izinga zohlobo ziphansi, hlaba isivuno ingeqi 50%. Lapho okubhekiswe fattening amathole Inkomba anda inyama isivuno, kodwa kancane kakhulu. izilwane Skeleton engasindi, imisipha kabi athuthukile. Ukuze zikhule inyama yezinkomo akuyona inzuzo kwezomnotho.

Ingaphandle

Ejwayelekile izici zangaphandle nobuntu izilwane yobisi has obomvu asemaqeleni zohlobo izinkomo. Incazelo Ingaphandle:

• libunise ukuphakama - 127-132 cm;
• esifubeni girth -183-190 cm;
• Ubude etshekile - 154-160 cm;
• metacarpus - 18-19 cm;
• umbala kusuka okubomvu okukhanyayo cherry amnyama, mshini ezimhlophe zivunyelwe;
• imisipha ampofu;
• umzimba emincane, side;
• intamo ezomile, eliwumngcingo;
• ikhanda ukukhanya, kancane side;
• ngemuva lide futhi bushelelezi;
• izinyawo eziqinile, ezomile;
• esifubeni ewumngcingo, obunzima, walala;
• umbele naphakathi yezindlala.

ukunakekelwa

Red asemaqeleni zohlobo izinkomo kuyinto mazombezombe ezahlukene kanye lithathelwe ngokushesha zezemvelo. Izilwane ezifuywayo:

• Unyaka isikhathi. Inketho engcono - ziklabe khulula e amadlelo. Indawo - ngaphakathi 2 ukusuka epulazini. Bakuhlonyiselwe nge canopies futhi ukuthambisa. Ngokuvamile ukuqhuba ekamu ehlobo, ne amaphuzu zizosengwa.
• Winter-Itafula isikhathi. Izilwane agcinwa stanchion izinqolobane noma izindlu okuxekethile. Imibandela kufanele athobele zoogigieny.
• Ukondla. Emadlelweni edingekayo ukuze ubone ukuthi izilwane zihlale zinokudla okwanele, uma kunesidingo, wapha impande izitshalo nezilwane okuphakelayo. Winter isabelo isisekelo - hay, feed sengezwe, notshani elisetshenziswa silage (akukho ngaphezu kuka-25% we ukudla), izimpande, futhi ngempela zihlanganisa Izithako amaminerali ifolishi njengoba namanzi.
• Nokuvimbela izifo. Ukugonywa ekulweni nezifo ezithathelwanayo.
• Uyakukhathalela. Ngezikhathi isuswe okunobuthi isilwane uvolo, kuwo wonke umbele zisengwa kahle wageza ngaphambi ziklabe isikhathi kwenziwa izimpondo izihlahla futhi izinselo.

Izici

Izilwane zalolu hlobo futhi uqukethe farmsteads siqu esikhaleni elaliyiSoviet. Kuyinto ethandwa ikakhulukazi izingxenye asemaqeleni Ukraine naseKazakhstan ku-Altai, eningizimu yeRussia. Red asemaqeleni zohlobo izinkomo (ukubuyekezwa abanikazi ziwulalelisise) is kakhulu nezinhlobo eziqinile ezakha kahle ngendlela ezovumelana nezimo ezahlukahlukene zezulu. Ngokuphepha ukubekezelela ehlobo ezomile futhi kushisa.

ukugcizelela izici zohlobo:

• amasosha omzimba enamandla silondoloza izilwane kulesi sishayo baba avalele ukulima - wegazi;
• acclimatization okusheshayo;
• inkimbinkimbi kokuqukethwe;
• ukukhuthazela okukhulu;
• Ukuphendula Good ukwenza ngcono kwezindlu kanye yokudla;
• okusezingeni eliphezulu lwethu lokudla okunempilo kanye ukunambitheka ubisi.

Kusukela amagama ubudala, ekhona namuhla edwaleni, ungakwazi ahlulele degree of ukuthandwa zohlobo: Ukrainian Kuban, Kazakh, West laseSiberia, kulundayskoe (Altai).

amarekhodi

Ngo ezimbalwa nje amashumi-rekordistok izinkomo babhaliswa eminyakeni engamashumi lokugcina izinkomba:

• lactation kuka-10 000 kg -14 imigomo ngayinye;
• 9000-9999 kg lactation ngalinye - 32 ikhanda.

lokucuketfwe fat Ubisi akuyona esingaphansi 3,69%. Kwenqwaba izitshalo nemfuyo zizalela esekhulile e-Ukraine naseKazakhstan. Evamile ezifana imizi emhlambini izinkomo ubisi isivuno ezingeni 6000 kg. Red asemaqeleni izinkomo zohlobo inama rekordistkami emangalisayo:

• Storm 6070:

- isivuno - 10 170 kg;

- amafutha okuqukethwe - 4.0%;

- Ezolimo - ipulazi "fighter yesigaba sabasebenzi", endaweni Zaporozhye, Ukraine.

• Murashka 8890:

- isivuno - 10 497 kg;

- amafutha okuqukethwe - 4,05%;

- Ezolimo - Plant zizalela. Kirov, Kherson esifundeni, Ukraine.

• Isicelo 1910

- isivuno - 11 kuya ku-100 kg;

- amafutha okuqukethwe - 4,02%;

- ukulima - zizalela isitshalo "North-Lubinsky", Omsk Region, eRussia.

• Cloudberry 201:

- ukuthela -12.426 kg;

- amafutha okuqukethwe - 3,82%;

- Ezolimo - Plant zizalela "Karaganda", Karaganda esifundeni, Kazakhstan.