Umthetho, State kanye nomthetho
Sivumelwano Isabelo phakathi izinhlangano. ISivumelwano ukunikezelwa - kuyinto ...
Inkontileka isibonelelo lwesabelo ivumela ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningana eziye lasuka ayemkweleta ukuze okweletayo. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona isikhungo ezithile zezimali ukuze amalungelo Imali ukudluliselwa esikweletini komunye umuntu. Ngokuvamile, limi liqinile wahlanganyela nokuqoqwa kwezikweletu. Njengomthetho, izindleko ukuthengiselana okunjalo kancane kunabayeni inani ufuna ukubuyela. Ngemva kwale isivumelwano nenkampani wathola ilungelo oqala ngaso ukubeka ingcindezi okweletayo by zonke izindlela ezitholakalayo (ngezinye izikhathi - kude esisemthethweni). Izinkokhelo wathola emva lokhu kuchaza inzuzo, njengoba zihlukaniswa kusukela imali eyakhokhelwa ngoba iqiniso nje ngokuthi kwakungenzeka lokhu.
Kuyini lokhu?
Isabelo sivumelwano - idokhumenti esisayinwe abantu ababili (wemvelo noma womthetho) ukuthi lezi noma amanye amalungelo ekhona ngesandla esisodwa, omunye lidlule. Ngokuvamile zivumelwano ezihlobene imisebenzi uboleka, kodwa kungenzeka wayengomunye wabo, kanye nezinye izinketho eziningi. Isiphetho sivumelwano isabelo kuhlanganisa kokubili ukudluliswa ngokwengxenye futhi ephelele amalungelo okuzokwenziwa kuchazwe kabanzi ngezansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo, izenzo ezinjalo kungase kubhekwe ukuphulwa kwalo mthetho samanje, futhi kwezinye izimo zidinga imvume wesithathu, lowo muntu othintekayo. Nakuba iningi kulo, kakhulu, nje wagqoka isaziso kanye neze - musa azise ukuthi kungabuye kubhekwe iphutha. Yiqiniso, ezimweni eziningi, inkampani kungaba isishaya indiva isidingo ukuthumela incwadi ngolwazi mayelana nokudluliswa ilungelo, kodwa hhayi uma ngokucacile ezishiwo inkontileka eziyisisekelo.
imikhawulo
Inkontileka lwesabelo se-Code Civil akusho kukhawulwe izinhlangano ezingokomthetho, kodwa abantu abavamile unamalungelo athile ezingeke idluliselwe inkampani, nesinye isakhamuzi noma ubani, isimiso, ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Phakathi izici zibala ukondla obushade naye emuva kwesehlukaniso izinkokhelo ezihlobene ne umonakalo empilweni, njalo njalo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kunoma iyiphi inkontileka, okuyinto ekuqaleni esisayinwe Ngokuzayo phakathi okweletayo kanye ayemkweleta Kungaletha isigaba, okuyinto iyakwenqabela ukudluliselwa amalungelo efomini categorical. Kungenjalo, kungasho ngemibandela ethile, uma kwenzeka ukuthi kwakungenzeka lokhu sisekhona. sivumelwano Isabelo phakathi izinhlangano ezimweni eziningi alinaso imingcele enjalo, ngoba akukwazi kubamukeli izinkokhelo ngenhla. Lokho, kulesi simo, akukho izinkinga akufanele kube, inqobo nje uma wonke amaphepha ngemvume futhi iyawakha ngokuhambisana nomthetho ofanele.
Ukuxhumana of izinhlangano ezingokomthetho
Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke ukushintsha e izikweletu, futhi kulokhu kuzodingeka ukuba bavume isimangalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambili sisebenza unika umbolekisi ilungelo ethile imali kwenye aqine. Kulesi simo, okweletayo limane akufanele abe umuntu wokuqala kanti eyesibili iba kumele. Hlola kulungile, unga, usebenzisa inkontileka lwesabelo. Kuyinto okwamanje ithuluzi elula kakhulu futhi enembile esetshenziswa izinkampani noma abantu ahlukahlukene ukuze uthumele amalungelo. Ngokuvamile, ngaphezu kwakho konke, uma umbuzo imayelana umuntu wesithathu (okweletayo efanayo, isibonelo), wambeka sesiphelo sesimiso kuthengiselana akukho isibopho. Futhi nakakhulu akazange udinga ukucela imvume yokwenza lokho (ngaphandle uma echaziwe ngenye inkontileka). Noma kunjalo, it namanje Kunconywa ukuba athumele incwadi isaziso esifanele, uma kungenjalo kungaba khona izinkinga ezihlukahlukene okuyinto kungagwenywa kalula kakhulu.
Ukuxhumana kwabantu ngabanye
Inkontileka lwesabelo phakathi kwabantu incane kakhulu ukwedlula phakathi kwezomthetho. Futhi libuye ngokuvamile ezihlobene izikweletu ezithile. Nokho, empeleni yayo, into elicacisiwe inkontileka kungase kube yimuphi umthetho. Yiqiniso, ngaphandle kwalabo ukuthi abavunyelwe ukuba kudlule nomthetho. Khumbula ukuthi le dokhumenti iyadingeka ukuba wakhiwe kuphela ngendlela efanele, ngokusho amafomu, okuyinto ingatholakala kalula nakuyi-Internet. Futhi, qiniseka ukuthi acabangele khona langempela ilungelo. Awukwazi ukudlulisela ukuthi akusiyona eyakho i Ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane. Kodwa awukwazi akhale konke, kodwa amanye amalungelo ukuthi elula ezimweni ezithile kuphela.
tesakhiwo
Kukhona omunye imfuneko eyisisekelo, babe nje kucatshangelwe ukuze siphethe kahle inkontileka lwesabelo. Code Civil kule ndaba, ukhuluma ngokucacile. Kuyadingeka ukuba amphuzise idokhumenti ifomu ngqo lapho base ekuqaleni ngemvume ke, isivumelwano sokuqala kwavela ngaphansi okuyinto ilungelo futhi. Izinketho lapha kungaba impela eningi, kodwa ngokuvamile iyafana. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona nesivumelwano sokubolekwa imali okwenziwe ukuthi ngokubhala. Uma eqinisekisiwe ngumuntu ummeli olungisa izivumelwano, futhi inkontileka lwesabelo ezikweletini akusho ukuthi zokulithwala. Kwezinye izimo, idokhumenti isizinda futhi yafuna yokubhalisa. Lokhu kwenzeka akuvamile, kodwa kwenzeka. Lokhu kudinga ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi idokhumenti ukudluliswa yabhaliswa.
isaziso
Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, akukho unesibophezelo sokubika noma yini okweletayo. Nokho, kukhona njalo kilomlayo jikelele. Ngokwesibonelo, e isivumelwano eziyisisekelo yahanjelwa into engaphansi kwalokho ayemkweleta alinalo ilungelo ukwenza lutho, ngaphandle kokwazisa obligor. Akakwazi uthinte ngqo ithuluzi ezifana isivumelwano sokuthula ukunikezelwa. Leli akulona isizathu ukuziba ingxenye yesivumelwano. Eqinisweni, ngesikhathi indlela ethile, izenzo ezinjalo kungaba ngisho labizwa ngokuthi isizathu ukuqedwa kwesivumelwano unilaterally. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezifana into kungaba ngakwesokunene yomuntu obolekisayo, ngakho-ke ayivumeli okweletayo ukwenza noma yini eyayingase kwakuyokwenza ukuba inhlangano ilungelo emsebenzini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma le ndlela engalungile ukuze inqubo ukudluliswa izikweletu, kungase futhi sina ukulimaza inkampani. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwezinye izinhlobo imibhalo kungenzeka izinto samanje ezinjalo, okusho ukuthi kungenzeka ukwenza izenzo ezinjalo kuphela futhi kuphela ngenkululeko okweletayo. Esimweni esinjalo, kungase kudingeke ngisho isivumelwano trilateral.
ukudluliselwa Okugcwele noma olungaphelele amalungelo
Sishilo kakade ukuthi kukhona ithuba ukukhokha ingxenye kuphela amalungelo. Lena ngenye yama-izici eziyinhloko, okuyinto has a isabelo inkontileka. Russia, Belarus nezinye republic musa ihluke maqondana lento komthetho. Iphuzu liwukuthi umuntu akwazi kuphela ukunikeza amalungelo akhethekile, kodwa awakwazi ukuveza sanhlobo. Isibonelo elula futhi sihlobana ohlelweni credit. Indoda ikhiphe imalimboleko yezezimali. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, lokhu inkampani isibe kudingekile ukunikeza komunye umuntu, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele, kodwa kancane kuphela. Inkontileka lwesabelo phakathi izinhlangano e okwenza kucace ukuthi wadluliselwa nento engabalulekile. Lokhu kungaba isisekelo kuthengiselana ilungiselelo ngaphambi. Ngokwesibonelo, inkampani inikeza ilungelo uthishanhloko izikweletu, kodwa iyaligodla ilungelo ukuthola inzalo. Noma okuphambene nalokho. Kungenjalo, kungaba uhlobo kusengaphambili. Okusho ukuthi, uma uhlangothi is luqoqwe ngokugcwele nezibopho zayo kuphela uma lonke amalungelo kuzodluliselwa lilonke. Futhi kwelinye icala, ukuba bavume babengenamduduzi izinhlelo, abanengxenye wokwenziwe bavumelana kusengaphambili, ngaphambi kokungena idokhumenti.
isabelo Inkontileka: Wiring
Inkinga ehlukile kuveza zonke amalungelo ezivuna eshiwo ngenhla accounting. Ukuze kube lula, isibonelo kuyoba nesimo esinjena ngokushesha nge incazelo izenzo ezidingekayo. Ngakho, kukhona inkampani ethile "M", okuyinto sekudayiswe izimpahla (kuleli cala ukuthatha imikhiqizo typographical), engamaphesenti ruble ayizigidi 251. ngaleyo ndlela-VAT zaba ruble 38 228, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza ilingana ruble ayizigidi ezingu-155. Eyokuqala July inkampani "M" udlulela inkampani izikweletu kwesokudla "T", kodwa akunjalo nje, futhi a inani elimisiwe ruble ayizigidi 210, kufaka ne-VAT - 32 034 ruble. 15 nyanga imali efika ngezithukuthuku inkampani "M". Ngezansi ithebula yezenzo okufanele enze accountant.
DT | kt | incazelo | isamba | isisekelo |
62 | 90/1 | imikhiqizo adayiswa | 251000 | waybill |
63 | 68 | VAT Charge | 38228 | waybill |
90/2 | 41 | Bhala-off izindleko | 155000 | ukubala |
90/9 | 99 | inzuzo | 57772 | waybill |
76 | 91/1 | Isabelo amalungelo | 210000 | sivumelwano |
91/2 | 68 | VAT Charge | 32034 | sivumelwano |
91/2 | 62 | izikweletu yokukhansela | 251000 | sivumelwano |
99 | 91/9 | ukulahlekelwa | 73034 | sivumelwano |
51 | 76 | Irisidi kwezimali ezivela inkampani "T" | 210000 | akhiphe |
Ngokuvamile, ngendlela efanele libonise esivumelwaneni ukunikezelwa, lapho wiring okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, akunzima kakhulu. Nokho, okokuqala kungabangela izinkinga nokungaboni ngaso linye, ngakho Kunconywa ukuba ahlaziye kahle zonke izinkinga kungenzeka futhi ukusizakala izibonelo ezinjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo kuyafaneleka ukucabangela, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa "T".
Ithebula ezimali inkampani "T"
DT | kt | incazelo | isamba | isisekelo |
58 | 60 (76) | Receivables | 210000 | sivumelwano |
58 | 60 (76) | amasevisi mabhuku | 2500 | sivumelwano |
60 (76) | 51 | Ukudluliswa izimali wenkampani "M" futhi mabhuku | 212500 | sivumelwano |
51 | 91/1 | okweletayo yokukhokha | 251000 | akhiphe |
91/2 | 58 | izindleko bhala-offs | 212500 | sivumelwano |
91/2 | 68 | VAT umehluko | 5872 | sivumelwano |
91/9 | 99 | inzuzo | 32628 | Treaty extract |
Kulokhu, izenzo ezimbalwa ezincane futhi kuyaqondakala ngaphezulu. Njengoba ubona, inkampani yokuqala "M" esikhundleni semali engenile ukulahlekelwa, kanti eyesibili - inzuzo. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi alisekho kuqonde njengoba kungase kubonakale ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ekuqaleni inkampani ingase ingakwazi ukuba zitshele kusukela imali okweletayo njengoba masinya njengoba inkampani has a "T". Ngenxa yalokho, kuba endaweni akuyona omkhulu kakhulu ukulahlekelwa abasoze bakwazi yini. Okungukuthi, izindleko kungaba okuningi ephakeme uma uphikise umphumela wokugcina.
Izici ukuqedwa kwenkontileka
Ngokuhambisana case-Umthetho okhona kuyaqabukela ngokwanele unqamule inkontileka lwesabelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ezikhathini eziningi nezidingo ukuyeka isenzo idokhumenti ivela umuntu amalungelo zidluliselwe. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona okweletayo, ilungelo loan eye enikezwe enye inhlangano. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, izikweletu ukuthi abuyiselwe, kodwa senani wawuyizinkulungwane ngokuphawulekayo esingaphansi iphawulwe kule dokhumenti. Ngokusekelwe imiphumela yokuhlolwa lwembula ukuthi ngisho nangaphambi inkontileka lwesabelo kuyinto isabelo isiqediwe, okweletayo ukhokhele iningi wesikweletu inhlangano, ngaleso sikhathi namanje wayenalo ilungelo lokwenza lezi zimali. Kodwa kule nqubo ye kucutshungulwa kuthengiselana ulwazi olufana ungenziwanga yomphakathi. Ngenxa yalokho, isikweletu isikhokhwe ngokugcwele futhi sephule inkontileka kwenza akukho mqondo. Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi kwezibopho omunye amaqembu akukakasetshenziswa ngokugcwele, kakade wenza sikwazi ukufeza yikomiti yokwahlulela yayo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, le dokhumenti ingase yahlakazeka ngu isinqumo mutual zombili izinhlangothi, ngenxa nomklamo okungafanele noma uma ngabe iyawakha ngokumelene umtsetfo lokhona. Enye oluvumelekile ekunqanyulweni kungase kusekelwe ezicashile encane lomthetho kungukuthi kunakwe eyodwa noma enye inhlangano. Lena kungase kwenzeke into eyivelakancane, ngaphezu kwalokho, akuzona zonke ummeli uzokwazi ukuzisebenzisa, ngisho noma ayengazithola.
Ngokulandela umthetho
Into №1 Article 382 Code Civil kusho lelo gunya, njengoba enjalo, kungenzeka idluliselwe komunye umuntu. Okungabalulwa nokudluliswa Sokuzivikela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Article 383 futhi wethula ukugwenywa ekusebenziseni izenzo ezinjalo ngamalungelo ukuthi zihlobene ngokuqondile lokhu ngabanye. Isibonelo salokhu kukhona ukondla obushade naye emuva kwesehlukaniso. Izihloko 365 kanye 387 abonisa kanjani futhi ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo zingenziwa amalungelo yokunivumela. Imininingwane zonke lezi amadokhumenti omthetho ethulwa impela eningi, kodwa ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi udaba, kutuswa ukufunda kubo ngokucophelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izimo, kungadinga ezinye izinhlobo imithetho, kodwa kukhona kakade okuningi kuncike isimo. Ngokwesibonelo, kuyoba ezinye izinkinga nedvizhmostyu, kuyilapho obolekisayo - awafani.
kafushane lokho
Njengoba kuyacaca kusukela ngenhla, inkontileka lwesabelo - ithuluzi ekhethekile elikuvumela ukuba ngokukhululekile bashintshisane cishe kunoma iyiphi ngokuvamile ekhona oyedwa noma omunye umuntu. Ngu Isifaniso nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo imibhalo, kungaba noma zidinga noma asidingi yokubhalisa, notarization nokunye. Ngokwemvelo, kunezinhlobo ezithile ukuthi kumelwe futhi kumelwe kugujwe. Ngokuvamile, inkontileka lwesabelo lwesabelo amalungelo ngokwemvelo elula. Ngaphezu nezidingo eziqondile okumelwe icatshangelwe, lutho ekhethekile kuye. Into esemqoka - ukuqonda isimiso esejwayelekile lo mqondo futhi uqobo zivumelwano lokho abayikho, lapho lusetshenziswa, futhi okushiwo ukudluliselwa amalungelo nabanye abantu noma izinkampani.
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