I-Carbonic acid: ulwazi jikelele

I-carbonic acid (ifomula H2CO3) i-dibasic ebuthakathaka ebuthakathaka. Lapho izixazululo zishisa, zibola phakathi kwe- carbon dioxide namanzi. Le asidi ayibaluleke kakhulu kuphela izilwane, kodwa nezitshalo. Emzimbeni womuntu, i-H2SO3, kanye nama-salts ayo ayiyingxenye yezinhlelo zegazi. Ngosizo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, ukulinganisela kwe-acid-base emzimbeni kugcinwa, okudingekayo emisebenzini ebalulekile evamile. Ukuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali e-acids emkhatsini we-aqueous medium kuholela ekusungulweni kwe-anion kanye ne-cations. I-ion concentration kakhulu ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhambeni kwezinqubo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo eziphilayo ezilwaneni nezilwanyana. Kwezinye izifo, ukuphendula kwegazi okusebenzayo kushintshela ku-asidi (ngesilonda se-duodenum nesisu) noma i-alkaline (nge-sepsis, pneumonia). Nge-acidosis, ukuhlushwa kwama-i-hydrogen ions kwanda. Izinguquko ezinjalo zivusa ukuthuthukiswa kwe- coma, ekugcineni ekuphumela ekufeni kwesilwane ngokwaso. Nge-alkalosis egazini, ukuhlushwa kwama-cations kwanda, okuholela ekutheni i-tetanus nokufa kwesilwane.

I-carbonic acid isakhiwe ngesikhathi sokuxhumana kwe-CO2 ne-H2O. Abaningi abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa okumangalisayo kwezimila ezweni elidala kuhlotshaniswa nokuhlushwa okukhulu kwe-carbonic acid emkhathini. Ukukhula okunamandla kakhulu kuboniswe kulezo zitshalo ezakhula kanye nokwanda kwe-carbonic acid emkhathini (5-10%).

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izitshalo zihlanganisa isigamu sekhabhoni. I-carbonic acid iyondla isitshalo, kuyilapho ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwezinsimbi zamaminerali zenhlabathi. Ngakho-ke kulokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomhlabathi. Njengoba i-carbonic acid ivimbela ukufiphaza ama-microorganisms, inhlabathi kufanele ibe nokuhlushwa okungenani.

Ngakho-ke, ukuthola izithelo eziphezulu, kubalulekile ukulinganisa ukuhlushwa kwaleli asidi. Ososayensi baye basungula ekuhloleni kwabo ukuthi ngokusungulwa kwansuku zonke kwe-carbonic acid (400 cm3) kanye nomoya (1200 cm3) emhlabathini, kuveza izitshalo kabili kakhulu njengalezo ezingenalo lezi zinhlanganisela.

Inhlabathi yasemaphandleni ibonakala ngobuningi bomoya, ngakho-ke izinqubo ze-nitrification nokubola zikhulu kakhulu. Kuthiwa ukuthi amaqabunga ehlathini ahlalisa ngokuphelele phakathi nonyaka. I-nitrification enamandla kangaka inzeka ema-steppes. Ngesikhathi kokudilizwa kwezinto eziphilayo , kukhishwa inani elibalulekile le-carbonic acid. Lezi zinsuku ziyisikhathi esisodwa nesigamu kunzima kune-air, ngakho-ke i-carbonic acid igxila emhlabathini kunomoya, futhi inomphumela omuhle ezingxenyeni zamaminerali.

Ngokulima okujulile, izinsalela zemvelo ziwela ezindaweni ezijulile zenhlabathi lapho i-O2 engekho khona, kepha inqwaba ye-carbonic acid iyabonakala. Kulesi simo, i-nitrification ihamba kancane kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, izingxenye zamaminerali aziqedi futhi ama-nitrogen ayakhiwa. Izicucu ezinkulu zezinyosi iminyaka eminingi zilele emhlabathini, hhayi ukubola. Abanikazi bomhlaba baphoqeleka ukuba bathenge umquba wokufakelwa (cainite, superphosphate, nitrate eChilean). Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokulima inhlabathi buvumela ukwandisa isivuno sezitshalo. Lokhu kubangelwa ngokuyinhloko ukuthi lapho kusetshenziselwa ukucubungula inhlabathi ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zenhlabathi zihlale izinsalela eziphilayo. Izimo ezizwakalayo zenzelwe ukuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwezinsizakalo ezincane ezithintekayo.

I-phosphorus, esesemhlabathini, ayihlali njalo izitshalo. I-phosphoric acid e-three-base iyinkimbinkimbi engaxubeki. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi, ecebile i-phosphoric acid ihlanganiswa, iphenduka ibe engapheli.