PRC Army: usayizi, isakhiwo. Yabantu Liberation Army (PLA)

Amabutho ahlomile Yabantu Republic of China zibhekwa ngobukhulu ibutho emhlabeni, kusukela ngomhla ka-2016 lapho babekhonza abantu abayizigidi ezingu-2,3. China isibe umdlali sina kwezepolitiki nezomnotho, ngakho namuhla imibuso emikhulu emhlabeni bebelokhu isithakazelo ikakhulukazi esijulile lokho owakheke ngayo nosebenza ngayo lo Chinese amabutho ahlomile (sokuqonda lokhu isifinyezo kuzwakala the Peoples Republic of China) ezinsukwini zokugcina engamashumi amabili. Kuleminyaka engamashumi amabili ezweni sihlangabezane izinguquko eziningi okungazelelwe imigomo kwezomnotho, kwezenhlalo nakwezombangazwe, izinguquko futhi kwathinta amabutho ahlomile. Phakathi neminyaka embalwa eyalandela impi sidaliwe, manje ubhekwa eyesithathu ngamandla emhlabeni.

indaba

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuze kube manje yonke idatha inombolo, isakhiwo kanye ukwakhiwa kwezikhali China ibutho ziyahlukahluka. Eminye imithombo claim kwamandla elingapheli ulaka iziphathimandla Chinese mayelana ezifisweni okuzingela LamaKhomanisi kanye neMpi eliseduze Umhlaba. amaphephandaba Ukungaphathwa wanxusa ungeqisi kungenzeka yaseChina tinika tibonelo ukwehluleka eziningi zamabutho Chinese esikhathini esidlule.

ibutho Chinese yasungulwa Agasti 1, 1927 ngesikhathi kulwiwa, lapho sekubusa amaKhomanisi, wawahlula Kuomintang umbuso. ngegama lalo lamanje - National Liberation Army (PLA) - watholela kamuva kancane, ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Ngo-1946, lo okuthiwa amayunithi lempi ezimbili kuphela, futhi kuphela kusukela ngo-1949, baqala ukusebenzisa yencazelo bonke amabutho PRC.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ibutho hhayi abangaphansi party, futhi libhekisela ababili basempini Central Commission - isimo kanye party. Ngokuvamile, bebonakala njengoba yomkhakha owodwa, bese usebenzisa igama elivamile CEC. Njengoba inhloko yalawa CEC kubaluleke kakhulu esimweni, ngakho ku-yalolucwaningo 80 XX leminyaka, wathatha Den Syaopin, empeleni wagijima kuleli zwe.

inkonzo yezempi

Kusukela ngomhla ka-2017, inani lempi Chinese unqabile kancane kusuka 2.6 million ngenhloso yokuba abayizigidi ezingu-2,3, nenqubomgomo ngamabomu iziphathimandla zaseChina nokwandisa futhi sithuthukise zamabutho empi, uhlelo ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa, naphezu ukwehla inombolo, PLA iyona enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Ngokusho umthetho Chinese, isikhalazo uyakuba necala izakhamuzi iminyaka engu-18, ngemva kokudonsa njengoba they sala esiqiwini kuze kube iminyaka engu-50. Izwe Sekuyisikhathi eside labetibambile izingcingo ngomqondo evamile bezwi, amakhulu ezinkulungwane amavolontiya ukuya impi njengoba ufisa, noma kubuthwa njalo ngonyaka. Isakhiwo yobudala inani labantu baseChina kuyinto ngempela ivumela, ngoba abantu abaningi kuleli zwe kusukela engu-15 kuya ku-60.

Izikhungo lapha kubhekwa umsebenzi ophezulu kakhulu, ngoba amasosha nezikhulu abeke izidingo esiqinile kakhulu, nabo bonke emacaleni kwezigwegwe kuthiwa bajeziswe kanzima. Namuhla, isevisi eside uyekwa, futhi esikhundleni ukuqhuba uhlelo inkontileka nenkathi eyiminyaka engu-3 kuya ku-30. I ababuthiwe ziyadingeka ukuba abuyisele ezweni iminyaka emibili.

Kuyathakazelisa, kodwa Chinese amabutho ahlomile akakwazi ukukhonza abantu emzimbeni, ngokubona ukuphathwa, lightheadedness enjalo yona isithombe yempi enamandla kakhulu. Futhi kukhona esisemthethweni somyalelo evimbela abakhonza labo ahone noma uhlushwa ukukhuluphala.

isakhiwo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ibutho Chinese kulawulwe ngokucophelela LamaKhomanisi, ithonya ngemibono wezempi eminyakeni yamuva siye sancipha kancane. Central Military Commission, ngokungafani nenkonzo yethu Defense, inamandla kakhulu, cishe zonke ukulawula ivela khona, hhayi kusukela usihlalo weqembu. Izinguquko 2016 washintsha ezinye isakhiwo control, kukhona manje izigaba nanhlanu, ngamunye okuyinto endaweni ehlukile kweso lonke kungaphansi CEC.

Kuze unyaka owedlule izinguquko yebutho China lalinabashumayeli izifunda eziyisikhombisa, kodwa ngo-2016 base ithathelwe indawo esishintshashintshayo ezinhlanu wamabutho, uhlelo okuhlelwe ngesisekelo isimiso indawo:

1. North Zone, indlunkulu lingumuzi Shenyang, amaqembu ibutho ezine lapha ukuze simelane ubudlova, kubuye kusuke eMongolia, Russia, Japan kanye North Korea.
2. South Zone: ikomkhulu Guangzhou City, yakhiwa amaqembu amathathu ibutho ezilawula komngcele Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People ne-Vietnam.
3. West Zone: Headquarters e Chengdu, elise imaphakathi ezweni imisebenzi yayo ukuthi sinikezele ngokuphepha eduze Tibet futhi Xinjiang, kanye ukuvimbela izinsongo kunokwenzeka kusukela e-Indiya.
4. zone East: indlunkulu Nanjing, ilawula komngcele Taiwan.

China sika Army (okulotshiweyo izifinyezo iye kushiwo lapha ngenhla) siqukethe amaqembu amahlanu amabutho: umhlaba, umoya, lasolwandle, amabutho ama-missile, futhi ngo-2016 kwaba khona uhlobo olusha amasosha - Amasosha zamasu.

umhlaba ibutho

Uhulumeni uchitha ngonyaka ukuvikela kusuka 50 kuya ku-80-dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane, ibhajethi ezinkulu kuphela e-United States. izinguquko ezinkulu ahloselwe iqhakambisa isakhiwo yempi, ukuguqulwa yayo ngokuhambisana nezidingo umgwaqo yesimanje geopolitical amabutho.

Land amabutho Yabantu Republic of China kuyizinto eziningi kunazo zonke emhlabeni, zihlanganisa cishe abayizigidi ezingu-1,6 abasebenzi. Uhulumeni uzimisele kakhulu ukunciphisa lokhu legatsha wenkonzo. Uma ngaphambili amabutho China wathatha indlela ukuhlukana, kucatshangwa lamabutho isakhiwo emva kabusha 2016 konyaka.

Ukwakhiwa kwezikhali kuhlanganisa phansi amabutho namathangi ambalwa ayizinkulungwane, elihamba lokulwa izimoto, armored izisebenzi zenethiwekhi, howitzers kanye nezinye izinhlobo komhlaba amagobolondo. Nokho, ibutho eyinhloko yenkinga iwukuthi imishini kakhulu paramilitary emzimbeni akusebenzi. Izinguquko 2016 isanda sibhekiswe ukulungisa ukulwa izibhamu abasemazingeni ahlukahlukene.

air force

Army Air Force China lifaka ingeyesithathu emhlabeni, isibalo eziqhutshwa nezempi (4 THS.) China kuyinto yesibili kuphela e-United States neRussia. Ngaphezu ukulwa kanye izindiza ahambisanayo, wezempi wezwe kufanele credit yayo kancane ezinophephela emhlane ezingaphezu kwekhulu, izinkulungwane anti-aircraft izibhamu iziteshi radar mayelana 500. Izisebenzi we Air Force of China, ngokusho kwabanye imithombo, kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 360 abantu, ngakolunye -. 390 ayizinkulungwane.

Air Force China ukulandelela umlando wabo kusukela 40s sekwephuzile. XX leminyaka, futhi namanje okokuqala amaShayina sasihamba ngendiza ku izindiza zokukhiqiza Soviet. Kamuva, neziphathimandla baye bazama ukumisa i ukukhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe yayo zasemoyeni, umane ukukopisha imodeli ngokuvumelana imidwebo ye-USSR noma USA. Namuhla, ukwakhiwa izindiza ezintsha, kuhlanganise fighters esiyingqayizivele, ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele e China izinhlelo hhayi kuphela ukuhlomisa ibutho lawo siqu, kodwa futhi ukuze awunikeze imishini kwamanye amazwe.

EChina, kukhona airfields engaphezu kwamakhulu amane lempi, okungathatha eziningi izingcezu ngaphezulu imishini kunekhona manje. Air China amabutho zihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana amabutho: zezindiza, emathafeni-abachithi, webhomu, ukuhlaselwa, ezokuthutha, ukuphepha kwesimo endaweni, anti-aircraft, radar kanye sisemoyeni.

Navy

Yabantu Liberation Army Navy has ezintathu: i-South, North and East Sea. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula asebenzayo zamabutho kulesi siqondiso ephawulwe kuphela ngo-1990, kuze kube yileso sikhathi, uhulumeni is hhayi kakhulu atshalwe navies yabo. Kodwa kusukela ngo-2013, lapho inhloko yabangamashumi PLA yamemezela ukuthi usongo olukhulu ukuze nomngcele waseChina, kuvela isikhala ocean, iqala enkathini entsha ukwakheka imikhumbi yesimanje ebizayo.

Okwamanje, i-Navy-Chinese yakhiwa ebusweni imikhumbi, ngwenya, waba umbhubhisi nge zezindiza asolwandle, kanye ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 230. Abasebenzi abantu.

nezinye amabutho

AmaShayina ibutho missile amabutho wathola isimo ezisemthethweni kuphela ngo-2016. Lezi amayunithi kukhona imfihlo kakhulu, zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali idatha namanje kuhlale kuyimfihlakalo. Ngakho, imibuzo eminingi evela e-United States neRussia inombolo sezikhali zenuzi. Kulinganiselwa ahlukahlukene, izinombolo isukela amacala 100 kuya ku-650, ezinye izazi ziye ngokuthi ezimbalwa. Umsebenzi oyinhloko amabutho missile - ukuphikiswa ukuba isiteleka zenuzi, kanye nisebenzela ngokunemba iziteleka kwi nenjongo yakhe kwaziwe.

Ngaphezu izizukulwane eyinhloko yempi Chinese ngo-2016 kuhlanganisa umnyango ekhethekile ekubhekaneni impi yama-computer neyama Ukuhlaselwa Ngama-computer ngxabano. ukweseka amasu amabutho, ngokusho kwabanye, zadalwa hhayi kuphela ukuba simelane nokuhlaselwa ulwazi, kodwa futhi ukuba intelligence sezabelo, kuhlanganise ku-intanethi.

amaphoyisa ahlomile

Kulinganiselwa yamuva, inani lempi Chinese kwaba abantu abangaphezu kuka-2 million, futhi cishe ingxenye yazo kufakwe amabutho yangaphakathi ye-PRC. Yabantu ahlomile Amaphoyisa siqukethe amayunithi ezilandelayo:

• abezokuphepha bangaphakathi;
• Ukuvikelwa ihlathi, ezokuthutha, amabutho umngcele ;
• ukuvikelwa yegolide;
• Amabutho zokuvikeleka komphakathi;
• neminyango umlilo.

Imisebenzi Armed Amaphoyisa kuhlanganisa ukuvikeleka ebalulekile izinto wombuso, wokulwa nobuphekula, futhi ngesikhathi impi ibambene zizabalomlandu ukusiza ibutho main.

Ukuqhuba izivivinyo

ibutho umzimba China lokuqala elikhulu lesimanje labetibambile ngo-1999 no-2001, bathunyelwa kokwehla ephelele ogwini Taiwan, kuleli zwe of China Sekuyisikhathi eside ehola ebukhali izingxabano indawo. Wacabangela aqondisa yimpumelelo kakhulu ngo-2006, lapho amasosha zezifunda ababili basempini bathunyelwa amakhilomitha ayinkulungwane, okuyinto ebonisa ukuthi maneuverability okusezingeni eliphezulu kwezinhloko zamaviyo Chinese.

Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, ngo-2009, besilokhu ngezinga elikhulu umzimba Tactical, lapho 4 aphume 7 izifunda lempi ababehilelekile. Umsebenzi oyinhloko ubekade nisebenzela izenzo ahlangene zonke izinhlobo ibutho nezempi yesimanje, zezindiza kanye namabutho asolwandle. Ukuze umbonise amandla China zempi ngalinye ebukele umhlaba wonke, ngezinsuku zokugcina amabili edlule, i-PLA isibe ibe usongo olukhulu.

impumelelo lempi

Owabe Army Chinese kokufaneleka ukuhlula okukhulu musa umxhwele nempumelelo zamasu. Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo, China has ezingaphezu kwesisodwa linqotshiwe ngu namaMongol Tangun, manchuzhurami futhi Japanese. Phakathi neminyaka Nempi YaseKorea, China ilahlekelwe amashumi ezinkulungwane bomlilo izuzwe kunqoba okukhulu. Kanye ngesikhathi ezingqubuzana eSoviet Union siqhingi Sino-Soviet, ukulahlekelwa Chinese kunalelo ukulahlekelwa isitha. Impumelelo enkulu ye PLA ukwenze ngesikhathi kulwiwa kuphela, kwamiswa lapho.

A round esisha yentuthuko Yabantu Liberation Army kwadingeka engamashumi amabili kuphela edlule, lapho imishini abampofu kanye nokuntuleka ukulungela kwabasebenzi abangu Ekugcineni ngabona uhulumeni futhi zonke izinyathelo zithathiwe ukulandela ukuguqula ibutho. Izinyathelo sokuqala kwaqala maqondana ukunciphisa usayizi ibutho ukuze ususe ubuningi ngqo ekumeleleni kwezinhloko zamaviyo. Manje Igxila imishini yezobuchwepheshe kanye ukuphinda uqeqesho kwabasebenzi.

kabusha

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, Republic People Chinese BakaJehova iye yenza eqa omkhulu wezwe kabusha analogue wayengakabi emlandweni wezwe. Cishe kusuka ekuqaleni idale ingqalasizinda enamandla sokulwa ubuchwepheshe bamuva yesimanje. Namuhla, China ikhiqiza iziqhumane amayunithi-300 izindiza, inqwaba ngwenya nokuningi. Ngokusho imishini yakamuva ye-PLA ihamba ngokushesha okuningi kunalokho ngisho NATO.

Ngo-2015, izwe emhlabeni wonke yabonisa impumelelo yabo lempi umbukiso ngesikhathi sokuphela wakhe lamashumi ayisikhombisa seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Yanikeza zimoto unmanned, imishini ngokushaya kanye anti-aircraft izinhlelo. Umphakathi alupheli angimangalele China yokukopisha oqondile eziphathelene nezempi bakwamanye amazwe. Ngakho, behlome PLA, futhi namuhla kukhona analogue of Russian SU.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Wezempi, abesifazane ukukhonza China kusukela ukwakheka PLA, kodwa ikakhulu banezikhundla ekunakekelweni kwempilo noma ulwazi neminyango. Kusukela 50s engxenyeni enhle abantu Chinese baqala ukuzama yena zezindiza kanye zasolwandle, futhi muva nje waze waba induna umkhumbi-esibhedlela.

Kuleminyaka kweminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha, amaShayina ibutho timphawu zazishintsha njalo, kanye uhlelo kwaba ngisho wakuqeda nya futhi ibuyiselwe kuphela 80-yalolucwaningo. iyunithi Modern bezigaba lempi senziwe 2009, ngokusho kwakhe, ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezilandelayo:

• Jikelele;
• ULieutenant General;
• UMajor General;
• UColonel Senior;
• uColonel;
• ULieutenant Colonel;
• Okukhulu;
• uLieutenant lokuqala;
• uLieutenant;
• ULieutenant Okwesibili;
• feldwebel kokuthoma, kwesibili, kwesithathu kokukhwehlela wesine;
• uSergeant;
• usayitsheni;
• ukhoporali;
• Private.

Njengoba singabona ohlwini zezihloko kohlelo kuyafana emasikweni Soviet amabutho ahlomile. Ifomu yesimanje yebutho Chinese yethulwa ngo-2007, iye yasungula ngokusebenzisa esigidini sama-dollar esabiwe. Ligcizelela usizo nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusisebenzisa, kanye ubuhle futhi ziyabukeka lempi Chinese.

kungenzeka ubudlova

Wonke amazwe manje iso close kakhulu emandleni elikhulayo amaShayina Yabantu Republic, kule minyaka engamashumi amabili ezweni seyenze gxuma omkhulu kuzo zonke izindawo. Namuhla, cishe yonke indawo e-China osebenza isiqalo "kakhulu": abaningi kakhulu abantu, umnotho ngobukhulu, izwe lamaKhomanisi lebutho elikhulu.

Yiqiniso, lokhu militarization of China uphakamisa ubudlova okwabangelwa ukuthi State. Ochwepheshe ungavumelani. Ezinye banamathele embonweni wokuthi e China kwakuhlale inkinga zokwanda okukhulu kwenani labantu, futhi mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo, iqembu enquma anqobe amazwe amasha. Ngu ukuntuleka indawo thereunto wayebuye ukungcola sina bemvelo, kwezinye izindawo, udaba kwemvelo sibi kakhulu (isib e-Beijing futhi Seoul). Abanye osopolitiki Russian usho Chinese ibutho umsebenzi osolisayo eduze komngcele Russia, Putin wathi ngokucacile akazange acabange China usongo ezweni lethu.

Okunye ochwepheshe bathi okuphambene, ukuthi iCommunist Party of izenzo wabizela yilo zokuvikela. Esikhathini isimo ngamazwe samanje, izwe ngalinye kufanele abe ukulungele ubudlova ngaphandle. Ngokwesibonelo, China akawuthandi NATO umsebenzi elwandle eliKhulu iPacific futhi North Korea. Sekuyisikhathi eside Enye inkinga kwaba samanje China - iyona ukubusa Taiwan, isiqhingi amashumi eminyaka abamelana ukunwetshwa wamaKhomanisi. Kodwa inhlangano ekujaheni iphendukele kokungenela ahlomile, kuba nomthelela kutemnotfo okuningi kwamanye amazwe.