Morphological zinhlobo umbandela

Ngokuhamba umsebenzi womuntu esisebenzayo savela nomqondo fomu. Ngo incazelo izilwane ngumqondo usefake isicelo Aristotle. Nokho, isikhathi ngokwanele eside, yencazelo "kwezinhlobo" awuzange abanalo okuqukethwe kwesayensi futhi lisetshenziswa njengendlela eside okunengqondo. Isimo ngezigaba iyunithi uhlola umqondo usezuze ngokuhamba taxonomy. Dzhon Rey (semvelo ngesiNgisi) bahlakulele umqondo yefomu njengoba isakhi taxonomy. Kulokhu, izici ososayensi ezintathu ezibalulekile kule yunithi kwabelwe. Ngakho, bheka, ngokuvumelana Ray, kuyinto ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo, izimpawu umsuka ezivamile. Le yunithi ehlelekile ehlanganisa izici ezifanayo morphological bokuphila umzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena uhlelo eliziphindaphindayo.

Umsuka Rey kubhekwe inkomba main. Ngokwesibonelo, olunye uhlobo semvelo kuchasiselwe izitshalo ezifanayo ukuthi ukukhiqiza kabusha kusuka imbewu ngezinhlobo zawo siqu.

Ukusatshalaliswa abalulekile umqondo zinhlobo, kanye ushona yayo kwenzeke ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi Onomusa, owabonisa ukuthi zilwane iyunithi yangempela aphansi oqine bemvelo, sihlukanisiwe nezinye izinhlobo. Lo mqondo ibilokhu isetshenziswa njengoba main Ukwahlukaniswa izilwane nezitshalo. Nokho, uma sicabangela isikhathi uthathwa njengoba phetho isenzo zokudala.

Lamarck limenyezelwe emibhalweni yakhe isikhundla ukuthi ngokwemvelo kukhona amayunithi njalo taxonomic zezitshalo nezilwane. Amafomu njalo siguqula, ukushintsha, aguqule zibe ezinye izinhlobo. Kule ndaba, ngokuvumelana Lamarck, ubunye ubudala ehlelekile ayikwazi uhlukane entsha. Ngakho, isazi semvelo French baphetha ngokuthi nokunqatshelwa ngokoqobo kwezinhlobo, bethi umbono wentuthuko.

imfundiso kaDarwin esekelwe kwenye indawo. Leli lungiselelo liye ngokwesayensi kugomela. Ngokuhambisana ivela uhlobo yangempela ngenxa ekuthuthukiseni zomlando bedle kwemvelo. Ocwaningweni olunzulu amayunithi ehlelekile kwenziwa ngokuvumelana imfundiso kaDarwin. Ngakho, isifundo sasiqhutshwa izinhlobo morphological ngemibandela kanye zokuhlola, cwaningo kwezakhi isakhiwo kanye ezindleleni lasungulwa. Lemisebenti bebelokhu ebalulekile ulunge kangakanani aspect labantu ubunye ehlelekile njengoba ifomu eyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa kanye khona kwezwe organic iyonke.

Namuhla, kunenkolelo yokuthi medium organic kuhlanganisa ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo. Ngesikhathi "kwezinhlobo" efanayo iyisici jikelele ukuyona yonke imvelo. Kubhekwe iyunithi ehlelekile kwakhiwa eduze izinguquko yokuziphendukela kwemvelo okubangelwa ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokho, kuba isigaba esithile (isixhumanisi) ukuthuthukiswa eziphilayo futhi ifomu oyinhloko ukuphila emhlabeni.

Olunye uhlobo kuhlukile nomunye iqoqo ngezici ezivame - zindlela. Zizonke, lezi zici akhiwa ngokoqobo amayunithi ehlelekile.

Morphological sokunquma zinhlobo esekelwe phambi kwabo bonke abantu elilodwa zezintaka ngezici ezithile njengefa. Abantu ngaphakathi kweyunithi efanayo ehlelekile, ngamanye amazwi, kufanele efanayo isakhiwo ngaphakathi kanye nabangaphandle. Morphological umbandela uhlobo ubhekwa uphawu ngempela elula futhi okulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu taxonomists isici ngaphambili isicelo kanye nezinye izimpawu phakathi nenkathi ethile kwaba eziyisisekelo. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi morphological umbandela uhlobo isihlobo ngempela. Lesi sici kuyinto edingekayo kodwa ayanele. Uhlobo morphological test ayikuvumeli ukuhlukanisa phakathi amayunithi ehlelekile kokuba ukufana okukhulu isakhiwo, kodwa musa ngikubhastelise nomunye. Ngokwesibonelo, ehlelekile iyunithi-kabili. Ngakho, igama elithi "anopheles" kuhlanganisa mayelana nanhlanu zinhlobo izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana ngokubukeka, kodwa ngaphambili kubhekwe olulodwa lwento ephilayo. Litholakala ukuthi babalelwa ku-5% we wonke amayunithi kukhona nozakwabo ehlelekile. Ngakho, le zilwane morphologic nenqubo kungase kungabi kuphela okubonisa umehluko.