Martin Gardner: Biography nesithombe. Izibalo Puzzle Martina Gardnera

Martin Gardner - sezibalo eyaziwa, owazalwa ngo-Melika. Ngaphandle uthando lwakhe lo isayensi, yena ubuye umbhali oye eshicilelwe izincwadi eziningi. Gardner eye yazibonakalisa njengenhlangano ezivelele futhi indoda isebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi, i-Amasimu impilo yonke umlutha ehlukahlukene yesayensi.

biography

Martin Gardner wazalwa ngo-October 21, 1914 e-United States, e isimo Oklahoma. Ngemva kokuphothula umatikuletsheni, uMartin wayelele phansi ekolishi, okuyinto yasungulwa yi-University of Chicago,. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi Martin Gardner wafundiswa. Ngemva ekolishi, wayesenalo kakade iziqu ze-bachelor ngendlela isayensi, ifilosofi.

neminyaka yempi

Lapho seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, Martin ngokuthi ngaphambili. Ngathola sezibalo e-US Navy yaseNdiya, lapho yahlala khona iminyaka eminingana e isikhundla uNobhala umkhumbi - Yeoman. Umkhumbi wakhonza Martin Gardner kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso wokugada ngumbhubhisi. Lapho ikhipha ekupheleni kwempi futhi yokubuyiswa Japan, umkhumbi wawusengozini amanzi Atlantic Ocean.

Lapho kuzwakala ukuthi impi isiphelile, umlobi kwakungomunye emangalisayo happy, ngoba manje ubengenakwenza izinto nesithakazelo kuye kusukela ebuntwaneni, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isevisi owawuse Akunzima ngakho ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuphela impi

Ngemva impi yayisiphelile, Martin wabuyela ezweni lakubo. Lapho, futhi waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe futhi waqhubeka eyunivesithi. Kwaphela unyaka wonke kungenzeki ukutadisha Martin Gardner ukuthola iziqu zeMasters, kodwa ukuvikela umsebenzi wami, ukuze uthole degree ephakeme, akazange aphumelele ukubuyisana nomkakhe.

imisebenzi etemibhalo

Ngokusho kweminye imithombo it is ukuthi eyaziwa sekungamashumi amaningi eminyaka, Martin Gardner wayehlala nomkhaya wakubo, eyayihlanganisa umkakhe amthandayo nezingane ezimbili Hastings-on-Hudson. Kwakulapho lover sezibalo basungula emkhakheni etemibhalo.

Ukuze umndeni kwaba ngisho imali encane kodwa esigculisayo, Martin kwadingeka isikhathi eside ukusebenza phezu okuqoshiwe, yena-ke ishicilelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Gardner futhi wabhala eziningi kakhulu izihloko ezincane omagazini futhi iphephandaba abamemezeli.

Omunye walabo magazini yanyatheliswa hlobo Humpty Dumpty, okuyinto evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "Murzilka" Melika. Lokho-ke ishicilelwe Tindzaba Gardner. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlobi kwakungomunye futhi nombhali eziningi tindzaba letimfisha kanye izindaba abangu senzelwe nezilaleli kwezingane. Martin Gardner puzzle bamlethela udumo phakathi abasakhulayo of America.

Isiqongo ukuthandwa

Inani eliphakeme labamemezeli ukuthandwa umlobi lapho waba nesithakazelo ukudalwa ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi kanye puzzle, ezazingekho kuphela zezibalo, kodwa futhi okunengqondo. Omunye iqoqo ezifana puzzle Martina Gardnera baba umsebenzi we Sphinx. Ngenxa imfihlakalo Sphinx babungaqondakali ezaziwayo, kwakukhona imibuzo, izimpendulo okungase woza kuphela ngokusebenzisa ngokuhlangana okunengqondo iziphetho ngokuhamba ukuxazulula ezingxenyeni ezithile izimfihlakalo.

Lokhu kwaba usizo izingane, ngoba, uphendula imibuzo futhi wanezela izimpendulo, bafunda indlela yokucabanga enengqondo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi zangisiza ekwenzeni iziphetho mayelana imiphumela. ezicacisiwe yokwenza ovamile okukhipha uhlelo elibukeka njenga leli: "Uma kunjalo, futhi lokhu, kuvela ukuthi kwakunjalo." Kuyinto lezi zinselele futhi waletha udumo kekulukulu kufika umbhali.

Izibalo Izindida Ezokuzijabulisa Martin Gardner

Ngaphezu imisebenzi yayo, Martin futhi kwaba umdali kanye neziningi ezinye puzzle imidlalo. Izibalo Puzzle Martina Gardnera Kwakujabulisa kakhulu, futhi lokhu iwine ukuqashelwa omphakathi. Umsebenzi wakhe phezu imidlalo kanye mathematics bezijabulisa yaziwa umhlaba wonke. Ukuze umbhali igama elithi "bezijabulisa 'wayesho into efanayo" okuthakazelisayo, "" fun ngolwazi.' Nokho, Martin yena uyaphika ukuthi kukhona ngokuqondene nesifundo lokuzijabulisa ezingenalutho bezijabulisa ethi uphenyo izinto ngokungathi sína, le miqondo emibili neze efana nomunye futhi eziningi kuzo zingamaphayona bomcondvophika ngokuphelele, omqondofana kuka ezikude.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba bafundise izingane ukufuna izixazululo izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, umlobi wabhala incwadi ehlukile eyayikhuluma mayelana nendlela kahle wazimisela inkinga bese ubheka indlela ukuze uyixazulule. Incwadi Martina Gardnera "Kukhona umbono" baqala ukuthola impumelelo ububanzi, kwacaca ukuthi, hhayi nje phakathi izingane kodwa futhi phakathi izethameli zabantu abadala. ngezinye izikhathi Math puzzle bekhungathekile ngisho abadala, kodwa bantu abangezwa ayikwazanga ukuhoxisa ngaphandle ukuze athole impendulo.

imisebenzi ebhaliwe

Lodumo alizanga kuphela ngenxa puzzle zezibalo Martina Gardnera, kodwa ngenxa ithalente lakhe ezincwadini. Umlobi futhi uyakuthanda imihlola Paranormal ezenzeka emhlabeni. izincwadi eziningana wezibalo besishumayela lesi sihloko. Asinakusho ukuthi Paranormal babé main theme emsebenzini umbhali, nakuba imisebenzi eminingi ebhalwe ezimayelana ukubonakaliswa ongaziwa bolunye uhlanga ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Kulezi imisebenzi ekutshela ngekubona kwakhe siqu nokucwaninga, iziphetho lapho Martin weza. Incwadi yakhe mayelana nokuba khona kwamakamu bolunye uhlanga, futhi ukuphila kwakuwukukhanya engengaphansi babemazi abafundi.

eqanjiwe

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Martin kuphinde ebhaliwe nemisebenzi yobuciko. Ngokwesibonelo, "Isiqhingi eminye imibala emihlanu" zingatholakala emashalofini ezitolo ezidayisa namuhla. Ukuba izincwadi ezibhaliwe eziningana art Martin, kwakheka isitayela ehlukile yekubhala. Futhi eqinisweni, ukufunda okungenani umsebenzi owodwa ngumuntu umbhali, ungabona ukuthi ulimi, lobeka umbhali, alinazo izimfanelo ulimi yakudala olulodwa American. Namuhla, lesi sitayela ithole ngisho igama ekhethekile - "Gardner", it libhekene indaba ethakazelisayo futhi acacile kolwazi, ukunemba amaqiniso, kucacile futhi ilunga elula. Ngokuvamile e Martin usebenza ungakwazi uqaphela ezinye izinto eziphikisanayo, ukwahlulela entsha kakhulu futhi zanamuhla, lapho umlobi ezitholakala amaphepha ehlukahlukene yesayensi namajenali.

Isici art Martina Gardnera umsunguli cha phendla anything entsha umfundi, wavele bamphushela ukuhlola into entsha futhi kuze kube manje ayaziwa. Nge umsebenzi wakhe, nombhali ukuphoqelelwa ukuba ngifunde umuntu bebodwa lokufeza ucwaningo, ahlaziye ulwazi, ukwenza eziphethweni zayo. Lezi imisebenzi iye yasiza abantu baqonde kangcono indaba bahlolisisa. ucwaningo njalo, isiphetho ezimele - kwaba uhlobo self-yokufunda kanye self-imfundo.

umbhali incwadi

• "Leli lungelo, washiya izwe" (1967).
• "Izibalo Puzzle futhi Ezokuzijabulisa" (1971).
• "Mathematical ezokungcebeleka» (1972).
• "Inoveli Mathematical" (1974).
• "Mathematical izimangaliso nemikarisomraro" (1977).
• "Umbono we-Relativity izigidi" (1979).
• "Mina unombono!" (1982).
• "Wozani, ukuqagela!" (1984).
• 'Tic Tac-Toe' (1988).
• "Time Travel" (1990), kanye nokunye.

ukuphila Siqu

Wahlangana nenkosikazi yakhe, Martin wayazi ngokushesha ukuthi - ke lona wesifazane abazokwazi ukwakhela kulo lonke ekuphileni. imizwa Mutual eziye nengxabano, engaholela ekutholeni union eqinile iminyaka eminingi ezayo. Ukuqonda, basekelane - uyinto ngaphandle kulo umshado engenakwenzeka. Phakathi Martin futhi Charlotte kwakukhona obuqinile.

Ngemva komshado, lo mbhangqwana uvele nezingane ezimbili ezinhle - labafana zikhula, wazibonakalisa guys smart futhi behlakaniphile. Indodana endala ize ithole imfundo ephakeme futhi waqokwa uprofesa wesayensi pedagogy e-University of Oklahoma. unkosikazi kukaMartin, Charlotte, washona ngo-2000. Kwaba ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ukuze Gardner, ngubani, ayesekhule kakhulu, wachitha iminyaka yakhe kakhulu ubudala wedwa.

Sunset indlela yokuphila

Ngo-2002, umlobi wanquma ukuphindela ezweni lawo - e Oklahoma. Isizathu salokhu kwaba umsebenzi nendodana yakhe waba uprofesa e-University of Oklahoma. Indodana wakhululeka at ukufika kuyise, yena wayeyedwa vó e North Carolina, lapho wafa nomkakhe. Ukuqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe tetemibhalo, Martin Gardner wahlala e Oklahoma kuze kube yilapho owokugcina izinsuku zakhe. Kodwa ngisho ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe umbhali baqhubeka ukudala. Izibalo Puzzle Martina Gardnera, eyayimtshelile ukuqashelwa nothando phakathi izingane, yaqhubeka inyatheliswa, kodwa ngenxa wezibalo baqhubeka baziqambela into entsha.

Umlobi wafa Meyi 22, 2010 ekusimo sakhe ekhaya kweminyaka eyi-95. Kule minyaka engu-amahora ambalwa aseleyo ukuba Martin, indodana kaJakobe sonke isikhathi wayengumuntu eduze uyise. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umlobi wayephila ukuphila egqamile futhi ezithakazelisayo, ukushona kwakhe nokulahlekelwa okukhulu hhayi kuphela Melika kodwa ukuba izwe, ngenxa yomsebenzi wakho futhi incwadi Martina Gardnera lavuselelwa ububanzi.

A amazwi ambalwa esiphethweni

Martin Gardner kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Wazama isandla sakhe izindlela ezihlukahlukene isayensi, wabhala imisebenzi eminingi (angaphezu kuka-70) ukuthi wathola, waziwa ngokuthi umsunguli we imidlalo zezingane kwezemfundo. ayekufezile, naphezu isikhundla esiphansi, akakwazi ngokuthi oluvelele. Le ndoda yabonisa ukukhuthazela, ithalente kanye isifiso okukhulelwa impilo entsha lonke. Wabonisa ulwazi emikhakheni eminingi yesayensi, ngakho-ke kumele kuphetfwe kwekutsi, kuze kufike umbhali nesazi sezibalo, waba enezici okuthandwa yibo. Ukukhuthazela nokulangazelela bafinyelele ezingeni elisha self-ukuthuthukiswa - yilokho Martin Gardner uchaza njengomuntu. Kwaba sibonga kuye ukuthi abantu abaningi aye aqaphela isayensi, ukuthola kuyo i isibalo esingapheliyo izindawo ezintsha ukuthi babe engajulile ifundelwe. Kuyinto imisebenzi esibalulekile Martin steel abantu abaningi babe nogqozi yokuzithiba ngcono.