Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin: Biography, wemiqondo eyisisekelo

Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin ingenye kakhulu zefilosofi abadumile kwekhulu le-19. Wayephethe elikhulu kumiswa anarchism yesimanje. Imisebenzi yakhe ziye zahunyushelwa ezilimini eziningi ezihambelana kuze kube yilolu suku. Isazi sefilosofi nayo yayaziwa Panslavist. ngokuvamile wabasekeli Modern ubheke imisebenzi Mikhail Alexandrovich.

imibono yakhe bakhangwa abahlanganyeli abaningi we Okthoba Revolution, ezashintsha emhlabeni kuze kube phakade. Kuyinto nakanjani omunye nosaziwayo kakhulu phakathi ongqondongqondo Russian.

Esakhula

Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin wazalwa-May 30, 1814 esifundazweni Tver. Umndeni wakhe bacebe ngokwanele. Umama nobaba babengamaphayona abaninimhlaba emikhulu nge isihloko yezikhulu. Ngaphezu womndeni kaMichael zaba nabantwana abaningi 9. okuqukethwe kwabo edingekayo izimali omkhulu ukuthi kakade likhuluma nokwanela Bakunin. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, uMichael wafunda ekhaya. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-15, wathunyelwa enkonzweni yezempi. Petersburg, wadlula i ukuqeqeshwa wezikhali. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-19 iya esikoleni for izikhulu. Nokho, ngonyaka ofanayo abaxoshwa ngoba yokwedelela olukhulunywa wesikhulu esiphakeme. Bakunin kweminyaka emibili abasha wachitha empini.

Ngo-1835 washiya isevisi futhi zayiswa eMoscow. Kube bajwayelane Umbhali odumile Stankevich. Ngalesi sikhathi, it ithumba nefilosofi-German. Buqala ngenkuthalo ukuhlola umlando kanye kwabantu. Ngokushesha iba entree zonke nokucwala etemibhalo. Amazwi akhe niwe njengesitsha abameleli abaningi lezihlakaniphi owaziwa. Moscow Mikhail ngokuvamile uya esimweni umzali Petersburg. Zefilosofi imvelo nakho kuyanda eside. Ngo-1939, i-ajwayelane waseHerzen.

ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe

Lolu cwaningo wefilosofi Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin ezahlukweni cishe sonke isikhathi sakhe. Nokho, akanalo imali yabo, empeleni uhlala ka zithole imali yabazali. Umndeni ayisekeli uhlobo yokuphila futhi ufuna Michael wabuyela indawo yethu futhi ifa wasebenza lapho. Noma kunjalo, ubaba ithumela njalo imali indodana yakhe. Michael ngokuvamile iphila ngezithukuthuku abangane babo, eside uyama at amakhaya zabanye abantu. He is kahle isiJalimane. Esikhathini Ukufundwa yokuqala zabuna wefilosofi German. By 1840s, aholele ukunakwa okukhulu ukuze indalo Hegel. Wazisa imicabango yakhe nabangani. Uyabhala komagazini ezahlukene.

Okujabulisayo nefilosofi German kuholela yokuthi UMichael wanquma ukuthuthela Berlin bajwayelane ne stratum idatha yesayensi. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaphoyisa omshoshaphansi ukwazi ukuthi kukhona nefilosofi ezinjalo - Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin. Biography elula wohlanga olukhulu zokuxhumana port nge ezihlukahlukene "izakhi alithembekile." Nokho, akukho ushushiso Michael ingakamiswa edalulwa.

Ukuze uhambo Berlin Wayedinga imali, futhi eside. Njengoba imali omlobi yabo kungaqali, ephenduka ukuze kuphela umxhasi - kuyise. Ukuze wenze lokhu, wabhala incwadi ende, okuyinto ngokucacile ubeka izinhloso zakhe. UBaba anginika imvume yokuya, kodwa enqaba ukwaba izimali. Bakunin ukucela loan ngumngane wakhe waseHerzen. Yena inike omningi - ruble 2000. Manje, nethemba uvakasha eJalimane isiba ngokoqobo ngokwengeziwe.

Ngaphambi nje kokuba bahambe bakhe kukaMikayeli kwenzeka ukuxabana Katkov umbhali, okuyinto uhumusha siyalwa. Uma kushisa Bakunin kubangela abaphikisi duel, kodwa cabanga kangcono ngosuku olulandelayo.

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani

Ngo-1940, Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin kuziwa Berlin. Lapho, yena uthola okuningi ujwayelene nabantu ezintsha. Batheleka imibuthano abagqugquzeli bezinguquko. Ngaphezu kwakho konke yayinesithakazelo ifilosofi Hegel. sefilosofi Russian ngezandla ezifudumele ngesikhathi "Hegelian" club. Michael ubhala kwi izinhlobo ezehlukene zamaphephandaba-German. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-ukuchema kuzo imibono yakhe iya ngokuya "elivulekile ngomqondo". Wabhala izincwajana eziningana wamavukelambuso, eyayibonakala kabanzi baziswa phakathi Socialists ahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu zefilosofi German ku umbuthano womphakathi Bakunin kwakuhlanganisa Polish kanye nabokufika Russian. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka Ivan Turgenev. Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa e Berlin, uMichael wahlangana Marx, ngisho izikhathi eziningana ukuxhumana.

umsebenzi wamavukelambuso

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, isazi sefilosofi kuhanjiswe ku Paris, lapho eduze osondela nezazi-Polish. Ngesinye kwenkulumo idili asekelayo amalungelo abantu Polish lokuzibusa.

Ngemva kwalokho, kuba sobala ukuthi eRussia akakwazi ukubuyela emuva. In Paris Bakunin ubukeka ngaphezulu futhi radicalized ngaphezulu. Lapha kuba eseduze olukhulu ngakwesokunxele. Ngesikhathi ukuphikelela Petersburg Mikhail axoshwe France. Nokho, kungakabiphi, lo Februwari Revolution Kugqashuka futhi ubuyele Bakunin.

Mihail Aleksandrovich uhlela abasebenzi. Kodwa ngenxa imibono yayo zishanela kukaHulumeni omusha enquma sokuxosha umholi Russian eJalimane.

Ngemva kwalokho, uye amabanga amade kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngesikhathi elapha e Prague, ishicilela eminye yemisebenzi yakhe Pan-Slavic. Enquma ukuhlala unomphela e-Europe, kodwa ngo 1851 Wadlulela amaphoyisa tsarist futhi badingiselwa eRussia. Kube asebenzisa ngayo isikhathi ejele nokudingiswa. Iminyaka emine Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin wahlala saseTomsk. Khona-ke wenza yokuphunyuka eNgilandi. Abafile Juni 19, 1876 eSwitzerland, lapho wangcwatshwa.

Bakunin Mihail Aleksandrovich: Imibono Basic

Uhlele kabusha imicondvo lemcoka wesazi sefilosofi Russian esekelwe izinto ezibonakalayo. Mikhail Alexandrovich angase kwachazwa ngokuthi "washiya" yekuphila. Wayekholelwa ukuthi uhulumeni kufanele phansi ngokuphelele. Esikhundleni salo kuyovela uhlobo sobunye kwemiphakathi ehlukene. Ngokusho Bakunin, umphakathi ngamunye angasebenza ngokuphelele ngokuzimela. Amandla ngokuhlanganyela. Ngenxa yalokho okunomqondo thuluzi - ekuthuthukiseni a ukuphathwa komphakathi kanye nokuxhumana izindlela eziqinile. Umphakathi kwadingeka ukuba basebenzisane Federally.

Yokuziphendukela idivayisi anjalo esikhathini umphakathi wakhushulelwa wagxeka Socialists ngokulinganisela. Ngokombono wabo, uhulumeni kumele ibe khona ukuthi kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele Bakunin Mihail Aleksandrovich. Imibono ka ukulingana komphakathi kanye isimiso umphakathi communes babizwa ngokuthi "anarhokollektivizm". Kulokhu, kuphela indlela okungenzeka ukudala isimiso esinjalo, ngokuvumelana sefilosofi, kwaba ukuvukela uMbuso. Ngenxa yisandla kubhekwe kumasegmenti empofu kakhulu yenhloko-labantu, njengoba bebizwa elinesimo amandla okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nekhono viva. Ohulumeni wamavukelambuso wavela amakilasi aphansi.

Ukuhlolwa ubukhomanisi

Bakunin wagxeka Marx nabalandeli bakhe esimeningcondvo isimo.

Wayekholelwa ukuthi ubushiqela yesigaba sabasebenzi nakanjani kuyoholela i usurpation kwamandla. Angakwazi Abavukeli e isigaba esisha abacindezeli kwaba umphumela engokwemvelo uhlelo ehlongozwayo ngu Marx. Nokho, Mihail Aleksandrovich kakhulu imisebenzi wesazi sefilosofi German ezaziswayo uqobo wabhala ukubuyekezwa ambalwa omuhle. Esikhathini sphere geopolitical wabona Austria futhi Turkey njengoba izitha main isigaba sabasebenzi. Wayekholelwa ukuthi uMbuso zibhujiswe ukuze kuzuzwe intuthuko. Turkey kanye Austria baye bacindezela abantu abaningi, ukuthi yayiyini inkinga eyinhloko e-Europe, ngokuvumelana ukwamukelwa Bakunin sika.

Pan-Slavism

Phakathi ekudingisweni Bakunin ukunakwa okukhulu ukuze izinkinga lwamaSlav. Panslavist imisebenzi yakhe yaziwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Wayekholelwa ukuthi bonke lwamaSlav kumelwe babe nobunye. Bakunin Akazange ababheke njengezinto yiliphi izwe ahlukene, njengoba Centre States. Kunalokho, wayekholelwa ukuthi kwakudingekile ukwakha ezinye uhlobo inhlangano, lapho zonke izizwe Slavic bayalingana. Ukuze ukuphikisana nalesi simiso, yena usegxeke ngokuphindaphindiwe Government of Austria naseTurkey. ikhokhwe Futhi ukunakekela chauvinism Polish. Kancane abathintekayo ngezindawo asho into eyodwa eMbusweni Russian.

abalandeli imibono

Bakunin Mihail Aleksandrovich inabalandeli abaningi kube yilolu suku. Ngokuyinhloko it is a izidlamlilo olukhulu. Bathola uhlobo Symbiosis phakathi imisebenzi Bakunin nezinye umhlaziyi Russian - Kropotkin. subculture Iningi ngokuvamile esekudeni uhlanekezelwe ukumelwa wesazi sefilosofi mayelana nokwakhiwa umphakathi nje, bawaletha ku iphuzu nangendlela engenangqondo.

Ngaphezu anarchist Bakunin nabahlonishwa nemibuthano namanye "elivulekile ngomqondo". Ngokwesibonelo, Marxists kanye neo-amaBolshevik njalo okukhulunywe imisebenzi yakhe. Iqiniso lokuthi amaBolshevik wabelane imibono anarchist, ubonisa iqoqo ubuncane ezitaladini ogama lakhe behlonipha sefilosofi. Ngesikhathi singena esangweni ezibiyele ngemiyalo yezikhulu Lenin wayengumqondisi eliqoshwe umbhalo othi "Bakunin Mihail Aleksandrovich". Umlando Omfushane wamavukelambuso Russian kufakwe ohlelweni ayimpoqo othile wezifundo zezombusazwe nezikhungo.