Nikitsky Monastery ikheli (Pereslavl). Archimandrite Dimitry (Hramtsov)

Ukukhangana main elidala edolobheni Russian Pereslavl-Zaleski kwaba ngempela Nikitsky Monastery, okuyinto omunye omdala eRussia. Isungulwe phambi Tartar ayehlasela, uye ngawabo eziningi eziyinhloko emlandweni wethu, futhi kanye nabo bonke abantu wakhuthazelela ubunzima ijoka Tartar, ngesikhathi Isikhathi Tinhlupheko KwamaBolshevik nezikhathi ezinzima.

Church echibini Pleshcheeva

Mayelana lapho wasungula Pereslavl Nikitsky Monastery, wahlala Imininingwane sasivumela ezingacacile ezihlobene kulesi sehlakalo emashumini eminyaka yokuqala, okwenzeka ngemva umbhaphathizo Rus. Kusuka lesikhumbuzo etemibhalo kwekhulu xv, ngokuthi Encwadi Degrees, it is ukuthi St uVladimir wamnikela ukulawula izwe Rostov-Suzdal indodana yakhe Boris ezaziwayo.

Ithi e 1010 mayelana isikhulu abasha, kanye Bishop uHilarion, kucedvwa kwenkhohlakalo esihlokweni sakhe ihlala zobuqaba, eyasungulwa ogwini lweLake Pleshcheeva amasonto amaningana. Kukholakala ukuthi emhlabeni omunye wabo, futhi umphakathi sidaliwe, zishintshe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ku Nikitsky Monastery. Lokhu kwaba yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekufezeni ukusungulwa ubuKristu ezikhonza kula mazwe.

Osanta lokuqala Izigodlo

Izincwadi zomlando kwesikhathi pre-Mongol ukhuluma Isigodlo khona, kodwa ngekhulu xv lalakhiwa ukuphila kwakhe kuqala St. Nikity Stolpnika, kanye ngobuqotho ulwe lapha, futhi washo ngokucacile ukuthi wayephila ekhulwini XII, futhi iphinde futhi iveze ukuphola ngaphambili kwesisekelo yesigodlo.

Ngemva kokufa saint wabusisa amandla akhe yazuza isipho izimangaliso. It is, eyaziwa isibonelo, ukuthi imithandazo, yenyuka phambi kwabo baphulukiswa, emlandweni eziningi. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka abasha Chernigov Prince Michael Chernigov nendodana Ivan Groznogo Ivan, lowo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wabulawa kwentukuthelo ngubaba wakhe.

Phakathi abakhileyo sezindela sithola zizincishe injabulo enkulu, kamuva eyasungulwa nezinye zezindela of Pereslavl. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke phakathi kwayo i-Daniel ongcwele, abagcotshwa lapho sibhekene saint. He is umdali-zintathu Danilov sezindela.

Ukwakheka base impahla sezindela

Ngaphambi ekuqaleni sezindela XVI ekhulwini Nikitsky neze wayevelele phakathi ezinye zezindela, ezihlukahlukene abasafufusa ngesikhathi ezweni Rostov-Suzdal. Izindela wahlala ikhathalele kuphela umsebenzi wayo, aneliseke izimali nemadlana ukuze nje abazenzayo edingekayo Yebo iminikelo ezingavamile pilgrim.

Isimo sabo sezimali lithuthukile kuphela 1515, lapho u-Eustace pereslavlsky igosa, wathola ngemithandazo phambi izinsalela St Daniel ukuphulukiswa lesi sifo sibulale, usuthunyelwe Isigodlo yengcebo umnikelo ezishisiwe. Ngale mali, isonto sokhuni, abangcweliselwe yokudumisa umenzi wezimangaliso ngubani wamsindisa, udumo lwakhe bakhangwa zabaningi lakhiwa.

Ngo-1521, Nikita Monastery ukuthi ungenzele okuhle Uglich Prince Dmitry Ioannovich, wamnika ngomzana, ingxenye patrimony yayo. The main sezindela donor kwenzakala Grand Prince of moskovskiy Vasily III - uyise ku-internet Ivana Groznogo. On umyalo wakhe futhi eyabelwe zikwazi ensimini ka wezindela ngo-1523 wakhushulwa Nikitsky Cathedral.

Abode ngaphansi Ivan le Emibi

Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi kuza isikhathi zezimbali esigodlweni, olungena on kwesikhathi isiqongo ka-internet Ivana Groznogo. Nikitsky Monastery (Pereslavl), i-wesigodlo zazo Vassian ngajabulela indawo yenkosi wathatha indawo ebalulekile phakathi kwezinye izikhungo zezindela. Hypochondriac futhi yonke indawo bavame ukubona komuntu oshade naye, inkosi wayehlose ukusebenzisa Isigodlo izindonga enamandla njengoba spare oprichnina inqaba, nganoma yisiphi isizathu, inqaba yalo eyinhloko - Alexander Sloboda ulahlekelwe linokwethenjelwa.

Ukwakhiwa Cathedral entsha Nikitsky

Kuyaziwa ukuthi Ivan namalungu omndeni wakhe baye bavakashela Nikitsky Monastery, okwenza multi-day uhambo kuso. umnikelo Ngesandla Esivulekile inkosi esakhiwe-oda yakhe nemali yakhe yokwakha entsha Nikitsky Cathedral, esikhundleni ubudala, ezakhiwe uyise ngaphezulu. Esakhiweni esidala eyenzekile kuwo Chapel eningizimu, abangcweliselwe behlonipha okuningi saint abo ohlonishwayo Nikity Stolpnika. umyalo wakhe wadumazeka nalo lamiswa eziningi nezinye izikhungo hhayi behlele kithi, noma ugcine, kodwa ukuze uguqule ukubukeka kwayo.

Ngo 1564, inkosi ngokwayo bafike endaweni yokwahlukaniselwa onesizotha lombhishobhi entsha futhi wanikeza Iqhwa omkhulu wazenza ngethusi futhi okusezingeni eliphezulu umhlobiso kwezobuciko. Amphelezele umkakhe Anastasia Romanova, waboniswa yena isithombe ezifekethisiwe St. Nikity Stolpnika, wenza ngezandla zakhe. Kodwa isipho esikhulu futhi eziyigugu kakhulu inkosi babe fiefdoms eziningi ezinikelwe ke esigodlweni sezindela bese wakha okunokwethenjelwa impahla isisekelo ukhona.

Phakathi Nezinkinga Omkhulu

Usizi lwaqala ngoba Isigodlo ngesikhathi Isikhathi Nezinkinga. Thanda zezindela eziningi Pereslavl ehlasela ngokuphindaphindiwe isitha. Ngo 1609 abafowethu ngosizo abantu bendawo wakwazi ukumelana livinjezelwe, futhi ukuze axoshe izitha ezindongeni Isigodlo, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka emibili ye naseLithuania, eholwa Lva Sapegi, ephethwe wasithatha sezindela.

Iningi labantu balapha babulawa, izindlu ziphangwe futhi zishiswe, waphunyuka ngokuyisimangaliso wesigodlo noMishayeli, baba uzulane. Kuze kube namuhla, umuntu angabona ubone walondoloza kulezo zikhathi ezimbili isibhamu Lithuanian, waba nengxenye ekuvimbezeleni wezindela Pereslavl Historical Museum.

Ukuvuselelwa Isigodlo

Ukubuyiselwa Isigodlo okwaqala ngokushesha ngemva kokwenyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi, inkosi yokuqala Romanov lwamakhosi - Mikhail Fedorovich eNgophezukonke. Yena noyise uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Filaret ngemali enkulu enziwa, okwenza bakwazi ukuba ngokushesha ngiqale umsebenzi.

Phakathi nokubusa esilandelayo, kakade ngaphansi Aleksei Mikhailovich, ngezindleko zakhe neminikelo e 1645 lavuselelwa izindonga kwemibhoshongo ezizungezile yesigodlo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi wabeka Annunciation Church, baye bahlala cishe ingashintshiwe kuze kube namuhla.

Ngo 1698, Nikita sezindela wavakashelwa uPetru I. Ngemva kokuphila khona izinsuku ezingeziningi, umbusi wakhipha isimemezelo waqinisekisa sezindela namanje uyise imvume ilungelo sithiye echibini Pleshcheeva. Ngalezo zinsuku kwakungekho umusa encane bobukhosi, nechibi yayinezinto inhlanzi, futhi izicelo ukudoba yayo okukhethekile ngokwanele. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Petra Velikogo ukwakhiwa Chapel sezindela Chernigov, okuyinto kubhekwa isampuli lokugcina isitayela zasendulo Pereslavl kweqiniso.

izikhathi kamuva

Ekhulwini XVII Isigodlo ahlupheke thuthuva sina abakutholanga. Ngisho nzima izindlu eziningi; wokubusa uCatherine II, wavelela ngokulahla inkolo (ukuhoxiswa) kwamazwe isonto, wasinda kuqhathaniswa bathinteka. It waqhubeka emkhawulweni ukwakhiwa. Ikakhulu, i-ngaphambilini esakhiwe Bandla Annunciation Yakhiwa yesonto wamisa yesonto insika, emi lapho, ngokusho legend, imini nobusuku ethandaza Saint Nikita.

Le nsika odlale indima ebalulekile empilweni yesigodlo. Yena yensimbi amaketanga, okuyinto eyenziwa kanye nivume atehlukanisa ongcwele, kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka wabonisa njengoba kwakhiwa indlu enkulu yesonto enkulu, futhi bakhangwa zabaningi esigodlweni sezindela, sandla kwaqedwa yengcebo sezindela. Kwake kwaba nesikhathi lapho, kanye nabo, futhi yabonisa cap itshe, ngenjongo efanayo amaketanga, kodwa ngo-1735 YaseMoscow izikhulu zesonto wayibamba.

I last ukwakhiwa sina kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu XIX, lapho elalizokwakhiwa e izikhathi Ivana Groznogo esangweni isonto yawa, endaweni yayo lakhiwa umbhoshongo insimbi, okuyinto kuyabonakala namuhla.

Iminyaka yokubusa lamaKhomanisi

Ukuqala XX leminyaka iphuma emhlabeni sezindela ne nabangenasihawu "isondo abomvu" efanayo (isisho A. I. Solzhenitsyna), nokuthi wonke eside ukuhlupheka Russia. Isigodlo savalwa futhi aphume impahla yakhe engakwazanga aphange, wayiswa Museum. ebiyelwe Izigodlo esetshenziselwa ezihlukahlukene izidingo - kusukela ukuphumula endlini ososayensi ejele labesifazane.

Ngo-1933, phambi lombhishobhi wangaphambili Nikitsky ngenhloso ze yokungabi khona kukaNkulunkulu kwaba iconostasis kushiswe obala kwekhulu XVI. Umlilo abulawe, kanye nezinye izithonjana eziningi ezibalulekile Nikitsky Monastery. Pereslavl, njengoba izwe lonke ingene shí iminyaka emikhulu umkhankaso anti-zenkolo, luthululelwe nandaba izimpumputhe izisekelo siqu ezingokomoya ekuphileni kwabantu.

Umgwaqo eside ukuba ukuvuselelwa Isigodlo

Esikhathini yoma, lapho ekugcineni basala, Stalin, Khrushchev sika ukushushiswa esontweni, Cathedral of the Nikitsky sokubuyiselwa wokuqala kwenziwa iminyaka eminingi. Njengoba umsebenzi wenziwa, kungabonwa kusukela lokuthi maduze ngemuva, August 2, 1984, ngosuku engahlanganisa ngalo lapho iSonto Lobu-Orthodox igubha ilin usuku, zigoqiwe cupola APC. On nokubuya kwakhe wathatha eminye iminyaka eyishumi, futhi ekugcineni isonto lombhishobhi uvuliwe kakade izikhathi yokwakha kabusha.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala umsebenzi sina sokubuyiselwa, okwakubekelwa iphethwe abasanda kumiswa Archimandrite uDemetrios (Aleksey Mihaylovich Hramtsov). Nikitsky Monastery, ngokuyisisekelo uhlangabezana lokuzalwa yayo yesibili. Kufanele hhayi kuphela ukunikeza ukubukeka yangaphambili izakhiwo zawo, kodwa futhi kukhiqize ukuklanywa Interiors, kanye kabusha ukusebenzisa Umdwebo izindonga.

Manje le misebenzi ngokuyisisekelo waphela, futhi Nikitsky Monastery, ogama kheli :. Yaroslavl esifundeni, Pereslavl, Nikitsky Sloboda Str. Zaprudnaya, 20, uphinde wavula. Njengoba eminyakeni eyedlule, izinkulungwane zezihambeli ukuba bakhulekele amasayithi yayo engcwele, oyinhloko okuyinto - izinsalela St. uVenerable Nikity Stolpnika, futhi bonke indaba yethu ngendlela.