Uhlobo kanye imiphumela Stolypin kwekuhlela kabusha emkhakheni nezokulima

Ngu ekuqaleni XX leminyaka uMbuso Russian ngokuya abasasilele emuva izimbangi entshonalanga e, ukukhula kwawo lobuchwepheshe umnotfo kanye nesakhiwonchanti setenhlalo. Okubizwa ngokuthi "ukubamba-up" sesimanje, eqale e-maphakathi nekhulu XIX, futhi akaphinda wamsiza avale igebe. Asizange ukuletha imiphumela oyifunayo, futhi izinguquko ezinkulu 1860-70-yalolucwaningo. State zazimane kudingeka entsha izinguquko kabusha umnotho kanye nentuthuko yomphakathi kolayini zama-Capitalist.

Ukuqala kabusha

ngomzamo okunjalo ukuba abe isethi yezinguquko kukaNdunankulu Petra Arkadevicha Stolypina. Okokuqala, it ukhathazekile izinguquko emkhakheni wezolimo. Kulindeleke ukuthi imiphumela yezinguquko Stolypin sika uzokunika yisisusa esinamandla ekuthuthukiseni zonke izindawo ezifanele ezweni. icebo labo elikhulu laliwukuthi ukwakha ungqimba enamandla lebumbene, engumthengisi ezimele futhi abantukazana, okwakuyoholela baye bavuselela ubuhlobo ukuhweba futhi wayengaba Russia umbono obaluleke ngisho nakakhulu kwamanye amazwe imikhiqizo yezolimo. Imiphumela yokugcina Stolypin kwekuhlela kabusha wabona noMphefumleli yakhe kwavela isigaba lwabaphathi eqinile kwezomnotho, efana abalimi American. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, State Imithombo Bank for kokuba isinqumo sikahulumeni umkhankaso omkhulu ukunweba wesikweletu abalimi ukuba zithenge umhlaba. Nokho, Ababuyeli izikweletu ngokwanele isigwebo esinzima - kokuquleka ingxenye uthenge. Lokhu, ngokusho nabashisekeli bezinguquko kwaba ukuze sikhuthazeke isinyathelo wangasese. Ingxenye yesibili ebalulekile ohlelweni nokuletha uguquko kwezolimo kwaba ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba eSiberia. Land in esifundeni zanikezwa khulula nhlobo abalimi abafisa ukusebenzisa. Futhi uhulumeni ukuba amkhuthaza futhi lula Ukuthuthela imikhaya ongumlimi ukuze Urals. ukwakhiwa akhethekile abelokhu wadala le njongo, kamuva owaziwa ngokuthi "Stolypin izinqola". Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingqalasizinda eSiberia ngenkuthalo wadala leli kuleso sikhathi.

Ezenye yezinguquko Stolypin sika kwezolimo

Imiklamo, ngaphandle kokungabaza, abalulekile emlandweni Russian, ezombusazwe kanye alizange lilethwe ukuba isiphelo sako okunengqondo. ukuqaliswa yabo yaqale iphazanyiswe kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1911, bese ekugcineni lihlehliselwe ngokuqondene ezwekazini impi. Ngakho, kungenzeka neze ukusho ukuthi imiphumela yezinguquko Stolypin BakaJehova ababenomusa ngayo ucishe okwanele. Nokho eziningi Amathrendi phakathi kokusebenza kwabo namanje bekulokhu, ngoba ungakwazi eziphethweni.

Imiphumela emihle ye Stolypin kwekuhlela kabusha emkhakheni nezokulima

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi isinyathelo uhulumeni ukuthi omphakathi ongumlimi labelwa 10% kuya ku-20% wesibalo sabantu. Kwakamuva waqala esizimele ukuphathwa. Eminyakeni embalwa eyalandela, abalimi yimpumelelo banikeza up isigamu isinkwa avele emakethe. Kancane izinhlelo Kwakuseshwa ukuthuthukiswa yeSiberia, ngoba ngesikhathi kabusha sahlala khona imikhaya engaphezu kuka-3 million. Ngenxa yalokho, izifunda entsha babehileleke ubudlelwane lezimpahla-emakethe. Izwe kwelulwe kakhulu endaweni umhlabathi olimekayo.

Imiphumela Negative yezinguquko Stolypin sika

Layering nemizana ezimele kwaholela yokuthi kanye yimpumelelo futhi wabonakala abalimi esicindezelekile. Ngisho ephuma umnotho emphakathini usalulondolozile nobuhlobo obuseduze naye. Kule ndaba, izinguquko kwaba nengxenye ezithandayo. Wabuye akazange sinomthelela appreciable phezu nakwezobuchwepheshe wezolimo. Ngu-1911, lo mshini eyinhloko umlinyana isiRashiya kwakuwulimi namanje igeja zakudala.