Kuyini kwechibi futhi yiziphi izimpawu zaso? Izimpawu zonke eChibini iBaikal (Grade 2)

Amadamu emhlabeni enemisuka ehlukene. Endalweni zabo kuhilela amanzi, izinguzunga zeqhwa, umoya uqweqwe eMhlabeni. Izimpawu echibini, eyabonakala ngale ndlela kungaba ezahlukene.

Kuyini echibini

Yini echibini, iziphi izimpawu zaso? Impendulo yalo mbuzo kuqukethwe izincwadi geography. Lake - ukucindezeleka ungqimba lomhlaba ngamanzi, okuyinto sokuvuselela kuhamba kancane. Ngaphansi kwethonya zemvelo akhiwa imigodi. Bagcina zizogcwaliswa surface noma komhlaba. Ngakho, umzimba omusha wamanzi.

Ososayensi, zokuma kwendawo baye basungula ezahlukene ngeengaba amachibi ku khona yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, usawoti kanye indlela kumiswa. Esikoleni, ukutadisha ngokuningiliziwe izimpawu zesifo kwechibi (isigaba 2).

amachibi Ezinganyakazi bavame ukuba ezingeni lelisetulu kwezinsalela namaminerali. Inani eyisisekelo amanzi amadamu ezakhiwe izinqubo zomhlaba kanye mlilo. Ingxenye kude ngaphansi echibini ezakhiwe izinguzunga zeqhwa ngesikhathi ukubaleka kwabo. amadamu abaningi adalwe indoda ngoba ezihlukahlukene izidingo. Awumncane yini kuyo yonke amachibi ziye zenzeka ngenxa ukuzihlukanisa kwabo olwandle.

idamu echibini

Izimpawu edamini echibini lwemsebenti: khona isigodi ezidlulanayo ukuhlangana ice, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze yamadwala nezinye izinhlobo zalezi amadamu .:

• River. Wenzeka ehlobo amanzi ongaphakeme ekusakazeni elehlukile, ezingeni ngezinye izikhathi uwela ngaphansi kwamanzi embhedeni. Umfula iphenduka ibe uchungechunge amachibi ahlukaniswe ezindaweni ezigangathekile.
• Kwemfunda. elinye igama labo - abesifazane ubudala. Uma umfula wenze isendleleni emifushane, kusayithi ayengaphansi emlanjeni echibini kwakhiwa.
• Valley. Zivela ezihosheni entabeni, lapho kukhona ukusakaza. Ngenxa yalokho, i-mass wokuwa amatshe ithrekhi ligamanxa edamini zemvelo. It kuvela ichibi entsha.
• Coastal Lagoon nezizalo zemifula. Esokuqala we amatheku, okuyinto bahlukaniswa ulwandle esihlabathini noma emfuleni inhlabathi ukujula ezincane. Esesibili - emlonyeni emfuleni, imbozwe kolwandle.

moraine Lake

Ukuze afeze moraine namachibi kwamiswa ngenxa ukunyakaza yeqhwa. Kwenqwaba wabo uvele kwesikhathi eziNgekho ngaPhansi kukaHulumeni. Phakathi ukubaleka we yeqhwa eshiya umzila ehlanganisa semali doti (isihlabathi, amatshe, ubumba, idwala, njll). Morena akuyona ngokulinganayo futhi kudala amagquma ayimigodi. Emva ukugcwalisa amanzi zokugcina abe amachibi.

Yiziphi izimpawu lolu hlobo echibini ephawuleka kakhulu? Ngokuvamile, kwesigubhu ukujula lingaphansi kuka-10 ukuphakama, kanti namabhange kukhona nentaba sihlehliswe. Iningi labo endaweni encane, kodwa futhi kukhona amachibi amakhulu (Seliger, ilmenite, Peipsi esifundeni).

Tarn

Imvelaphi yalezi amachibi adingakala godu yeqhwa. Umthelela ice, firn futhi weathering kwaholela ukubukeka izimbobo emazinyweni, iziphi ke wawugcwalisa ngamanzi. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi amanzi kungaba phezulu ezintabeni. Izimpawu kwechibi (cirque): round noma kobujamo obusaqanda, lokungcolisa encane, umngcele bushelelezi, bluffs, phansi flat.

Indawo imfundo yabo - ayimigodi emithambekeni. Zinqwabelanisa iqhwa, okuyinto ukuncibilika okuphindaphindiwe okokuqandisa sijulise imoto.

Karst amachibi

Ngokuthi Karst echibini, esadaleka bedle amanzi nemanti aphasi. Voids akhiwa ngaphansi komhlaba ngenxa izinqubo yokuchitheka nokususwa izinhlayiya ezincane zodaka. Ngemva kwesikhashana phansi, etholakala endaweni, kanye uphondo izohluleka.

Izimpawu zalesi uhlobo echibini: sinkholes, egcwele amanzi. Bathi futhi nalezo ezakhiwe ezindaweni eyiqhwa. Ngenxa yalezi amachibi waqamba igama lokusesha ekhethekile - thermokarst.

Deflation, zomhlaba futhi wentaba-mlilo emachibini

echibini Deflationary (yesibili yegama zabo - aeolian) kukhona izikhala egcwele amanzi phakathi amagquma. ngezinye izikhathi izinqubo weathering yakha anemifantu ukuthi laba isisekelo kwesigubhu. Basuke okubhekiselwa kuzo nangokuthi aeolian. Leli gama elisuka ngesiGreki: Aeolus - unkulunkulu umoya.

echibini Tectonic iphutha ngenxa izinqubo asebenzayo koqweqwe. ngokuvamile baba usayizi omkhulu. IBaikal - nomele evamile amachibi zomhlaba.

amachibi Volcanic zingatholakala asemigodini nezigodi phezu udaka selehlile.

echibini iBaikal

IChibi iBaikal - echibini edume kunayo Russian Federation. Itholakala eseduze Asia, udumo lwakhe kuye sasakazekela zwekazi. Lena ngenye yama-emachibini eminingi yasendulo emhlabeni, kumayelana kwezigidi ezingu-25 edlule. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi span ibanga phakathi emabhange amabili luyanda 2 cm ngonyaka. Ngokusebenzisa izigidi zeminyaka, ichibi kuyoba okuningi.

Izici aziwa kakhulu ase-iChibi iBaikal:

• ukujula Maximum - 1.62 km.
• Area - ayizinkulungwane 31,5 km ^{2 ..}
• Iqukethe eyodwa yesihlanu yamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni. Ukuze agcwalise embhedeni ezingenalutho iBaikal Amazon kungatsatsa iminyaka lengema-4.
• Leli chibi siphela 336 emifuleni, enkulu kunazo zonke zazo - the Selenga. It ebangela kwesigamu umthamo wamanzi ezinikelwe.
• Angara - kuphela umfula owawuphuma e iChibi iBaikal. Yakhiwa Irkutsk HPP futhi wadala kwesigubhu ahambisanayo namaklabhu, elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.

Amanzi echibini has a umbala deep blue, futhi ebumsulweni nasebunyeni iyamangalisa. Ngo-June amanzi obala esiphezulu, ukuze sikwazi kalula ubone ukuthi kuyini at a 40 m ukujula. Okuqukethwe usawoti echibini elincane ukuze iyangena umfula ifa ezilamatshe aligugu elikhulu. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa akusho okwamanje incazelo ngokwesayensi. Kukhona umbono, owawuthi iChibi iBaikal at ukujula mkhulu umthombo onamandla amanzi cishe distilled.

Ngezinye imisebenzi yesikole kuzici engokwemvelo iChibi iBaikal basafunda (Ibanga 2). Zonke abafundi bayawazi ubumsulwa ezehlukile yamanzi. Ekuhloleni lolu daba ayikwazi ishiwo isidalwa esiphilayo, lapho amanzi kusukela echibini kufanelekile ukuphuza ngaphandle uhlanzekile ngaphambi. Lena crustacean epishura elincane uhlala kuphela echibini. It njalo ukuhlunga amanzi wasidlulisela ngomzimba. Lokhu crustacean - hhayi kuphela sekuphenduke umkhuba. Ukuze leli qembu basonta ⅔ abamele yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene zonke eChibini iBaikal. Leli chibi kutholakala ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 2.6. Lesitshalo yezinto eziphilayo.

Ekhulwini leminyaka eledlule, echibini wayeyizwa elinamandla yabantu. On ogwini zonke eChibini iBaikal uginindela nephepha lokugaya yakhiwe, futhi umfula Selenga - CCC. Kukhona abaphikisi abaningi ngokubeka ukusebenza, kodwa isidingo kulezi Izigayo sasinamandla. Ahambayo amabhizinisi abe nomthelela ongemuhle yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene kuleli chibi. namakhemikhali anamandla ukuze ngekhulu xxi anobuthi oda 10 km ² ogwini. Self-yokuhlanza ikhono iBaikal linganqunyelwe. Uma iphuzu isimo kwenzeka, bese ulondoloza echibini engasakwazi.