Australia (ezweni). Ukutholakala Australia. Imephu-Australia. uphawu Australian

Australia - ezweni ngazo injabulo njengoba ingane futhi ngakhulela, uzama ukuthola noma iyiphi kungenzeka - kokubili icatshangwe wenze Amazing - izindlela okungenani kanye empilweni yazo zivakashele le ndawo. lapha kuphela ungathola izilwane ezingabonwayo sima ezihlekisayo izihlahla, ukubhukuda olwandle, ukubukela okumatasa izinhlanzi rainbow zamakhorali.

Futhi lokho esiyaziyo leli zwekazi, layo sezulu, umlando, izimpawu, amasiko kanye namasiko? Uma ubheka, kuvela ukuthi hhayi okungaka. zesikole ngenxa geography usitshele okokuqala Australia - ezweni kungaba ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezitholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga kumephu. Kuyinto enkulu ukuze izinkinga nge ukuqashelwa akuyona ncamashi khona. Kodwa lokhu, niyabo, kuba kuncane kakhulu engikukhumbulayo ngoba nezwekazi elikhulu.

Lesi sihloko akuyona kuphela ukuze yazi umfundi imininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu, lokhu kuyokwenza ukuba leli zwe ngokwanele ukuba aqale ukubeka imali yokuhamba.

Isigaba 1. incazelo Jikelele:

Thatha wonke futhi uqaphela ngokucophelela. Njengoba wazi, Australia - nezwekazi, etholakala engxenyeni engezansi kusakhiwo umhlaba, cishe eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-dolobha yaseRussia. Kuzo zonke izinhlangothi it is wageza ngasemanzini efudumele ukuthi umusa kuthinta kokubili isimo somnotho kanye nezemvelo kuleli zwe. By the way, ingasaphathwa yokuthi umhlaba wakho emhlabeni Australia akazivikeli nje kuphela, uzama ke ngazo zonke izindlela ukuze wande, kwakheka izimo cishe ehlukile izitshalo zendawo ezilwaneni nasezimileni.

Ngo ambalwa nje eminyaka ukhona esizimele isimo, njengoba besho, perk, futhi manje linendima ebalulekile emhlabeni. Izinga abahlala esifundeni kubhekwa omunye eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni, futhi sibonga ezihlanza umoya, nemifula zabantu lapha akuvamile wadalula izifo bronchial.

Isigaba 2 se-Australian Open

Kuze kube manje, ezisekelwe emaqinisweni omlando, kuphephile ukusho ukuthi abantu bavela okokuqala kuleli zwekazi iminyaka eyinkulungwane 40-60 edlule, okungukuthi. E. Ngesikhathi Tasmania naseNew Guinea, namanje okuyingxenye-mpumalanga yezwe.

Wokuvulwa okwenzeka e-Australia ngo-1606, lapho umhloli wamazwe odumile Willem Janszoon wafika ogwini lwayo ngomkhumbi wakhe okuthiwa "Dayfken". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Australia lithole igama New Holland, futhi kwaphela isikhathi esithile isidlulile ngaphansi Netherlands. Eqinisweni, i-Dutch kulezi zindawo neze balufunda.

Kamuva, leli zwekazi baphuthuma wonke uhide lwezinto ucwaningo. Phakathi kwabo edume kunazo ezibhekwa Luís Vaz de Torres (1606), uDirk Hartog (Ngo-1616), uFrederick de Houtman (1619), u-Abela Tasman (1644) kanye Dzheyms Awe-Kuk (1770. Ngenxa yalokho lezi imikhankaso amazwe ibalazwe enemininingwane iye iyawakha bese uvula kwezinye iziqhingi kwakufika Australia.

Kusukela 1788 kuya 1901 nezwekazi kwakucishe incike ngokuphelele British Kingdom. BaseYurophu kwakhiwa ikoloni, noma nakha izindlu, wazama usethe ukukhiqizwa, bathatha ngodlí i-ukwakhiwa wesitimela ngokusebenzisa lonke izwekazi. Uma ushintsho oluhle zisobala, bukhoma futhi sijabule, futhi abantu bomdabu basaqhubeka bayafa, wancipha ngamanani. Izizathu eziyinhloko athile. Okokuqala Yiqiniso, kwenzeka ngenxa izinhlobo ezahlukene izibhicongo ngokuzumayo kwaqubuka yonkana nezwekazi ngenxa baseYurophu izifo amazwe lapho amasosha omzimba kusuka izakhamuzi zendawo, ngokulandelana, wayengekho.

Nokho, kwezinye izingxenye zezwe kwakunokwenzeka ukuba bagcine izenzakalo okuyinto manje lalingabulawa kalula zingena ngaphansi isigaba kohlanga bendawo. Iqiniso ukuthi wafika e-Australia ezimhlophe ngokuvamile ukuphoqa izingane, akhethwa phakathi kwamanye abomdabu. Izinjongo wajaha nge ezahlukene kakhulu: othile wazama, ngokuhambisana fashion sikhathi, abakhetha ingane emnyama ukuba ke Mthatheni naye ezweni lakubo. Abanye bavele abaqeqeshiwe kusukela ebuntwaneni izingane zonke namaqhinga ukuphathwa kwekhaya, eqinisweni, waphendukela nezinceku, wayencisha ukuphila okugcwele.

ukuzimela Final kusukela UK Australian wakwazi ukuthola kuphela ekhulwini lama-20.

Isigaba 3. Australia namuhla

Kuze kube manje, isimo eba unyaka nonyaka, ukugcina futhi ukwakha kokubili zamanxusa nezomnotho wonke amazwe emhlabeni, namanje qangi amazwe esifundeni Pacific.

Ulimi olusemthethweni Australia - English, ngokusobala, ngakho izinkinga nge zokuxhumana ezingeni komphakathi weentjhabatjhaba kusukela bendawo nje musa kuphakama. Ukuthandana kwangasese abaseduze ibhizinisi ayagcinwa US, eNew Zealand nase-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Australia futhi esebenzayo ekubasizeni nasemazweni asathuthuka.

Isigaba 4. Izimpawu isimo ezweni

Sanoma imuphi umfanekiso omunye Australia ukukhetha Yiqiniso, akunakwenzeka. Njengoba ezweni lethu, kukhona okungenani ezintathu: ifulege, isibonakaliso neculo lesizwe. Ngamunye wabo izozama ukukhuluma kabanzi.

Ifulege panel elingunxande. I evelele umbala - luhlaza. Akuwona wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ngokuvamile uphawu Australian inezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko, evunyiwe ezingeni zomthetho, - ifulegi United Kingdom, Commonwealth Star futhi umlaza i-Southern Cross.

Izinkanyezi izinkulumo mayelana nenani uthi ezakha isimo. Nazi eziyisithupha zazo: Victoria, Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania futhi South Australia.

Elingenamikhono izingalo - kuba uhlobo isihlangu, yanjalo ukuboniswa izimpawu ngayinye uthi. Sahambisa ngezansi nje Commonwealth inkanyezi. Isihlangu isekelwa izilwane ezimbili ejwayelekile zaleli zwekazi - kangaroo kanye emu.

Liculo lesive yezwe igama ongokomfanekiso kakhulu - Advance Australia Fair, okuyinto olimini lwethu lwendabuko Russian kusho "bayachuma, Australia enhle yami." Ngo-1878, ingoma wathenjiswa art abavelele uPetru McCormick. Bamngenisa ngesiphakamiso Uhulumeni, phambi official song Australian ayebhekwa ingoma "Nkulunkulu Londoloza Queen."

Isigaba 5. Isimo sezulu kanye nendawo izici

Australia - nezwekazi ezingaba empeleni ngiziqhayise khona isimo sezulu ehluke ngokuphelele. Lapha, njengoba sazi, kukhona ezingwadule ayisishiyagalolunye. Omunye ezingwadule driest kanye elikhulu kunawo wonke embusweni - Victoria - futhi basonta kuleli ingxenye yezwe. Ukuze baphile lapha kunzima ngempela - mhlawumbe hhayi sonke ezindaweni ezifana lapho ngesimo kwezulu imvula amandla izikhathi 10-15 ngonyaka, neqhwa futhi akwenzekanga. Umuntu namuhla akuyona neze basinde, kodwa imindeni nabantu bendawo Australia, ikakhulukazi Kogarah futhi mirning bakholwe Victoria emzini wabo.

Nokho, izici ezindawo ka-Australia akugcini lapho. Ososayensi bathi eqhweni lapha Alps zase-Australia, falling kakhulu ngaphezu edumile emhlabeni ski resort eSwitzerland. Yingakho ezindaweni ezifana Queensland, South Wales Victoria, ezemidlalo ebusika iminyaka eminingi njengelinye lamazwe ethandwa kakhulu.

Oceans ukugeza Australia, futhi, neqhaza ekwakhekeni isimo sezulu sendawo, minyaka yonke ngokuletha luningi ogwini we eziphephweni futhi imimoya ukuhweba.

Isigaba 6. Relief kanye nemithombo yemvelo

Ngokuvamile, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yezwe iyihlane, nangezinkolelo-ze ezihlukahlukene ukucindezeleka. Futhi kuphela empumalanga yezwe , zikhona ezintabeni, okuyinto, ngokusho kongoti, angabhekwa ongaphakeme hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi agugile. Lokhu ukusonga Hercynian is njengoba Omkhulu kuhlukane Ibanga ezaziwayo. It ifinyelela izinga wobuningi eningizimu, ezinde iziqongo entabeni ezifana Kosciuszko futhi Townsend, obude ngokulambisa idlula 2.200 kwamamitha.

Iphuzu aphansi zaleli zwekazi ubhekwa Lake Eyre, namakhulu ambalwa eminyaka ngemva edlule kwakukhona at a -15 amamitha ukujula maqondana kolwandle.

Cishe akukho muntu ongaphika yokuthi ngomnotho eyinhloko yezwe angabhekwa yayo izidubedube. Empeleni, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangu-kwesilinganiso somhlaba inkomba yezwe wabalungiselela izikhathi ezingu-20. It usesikhundleni okuholela emhlabeni esikhathini linezinto ezenzekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Australia fanele indawo 2nd ku bauxite futhi zirconium, 1st - uranium izinqolobane. Namuhla ngenkuthalo yezimayini manganese, kwedayimane negolide.

Have ezweni lakubo futhi idiphozithi yanoma igesi namafutha. Yiqiniso, ngokusobala akwanele ukusungula supply commercial kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, kodwa ifuna isimo akadingi.

Isigaba 7. nezilwane zaleli zwekazi

Isimo esingavamile - ngokuqinisekile esinye sezizathu ukuvakashela izwe. Uma uthi nhlá, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi e-Australia namuhla iyikhaya ngu-380 zinhlobo ezahlukene ezincelisayo, mayelana 830 zezinyoni, ezingaphezu kuka 4,000 kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kanye izazi ziye zakhomba 140 zezinyoka futhi cishe 300 zama-izibankwa. By endleleni, futhi kukhona izilwane eziningi ulwandle - 50 zama.

Mhlawumbe mayelana Omkhulu Coral Reef wezwa ngamunye. Futhi lokhu akumangalisi, ngoba esikoleni sikhumbule ukuthi isakhiwo elikhulu lolu hlobo zonke imvelo prostroennyh Emhlabeni. organic ifomu ubude 2000 km futhi itholakala eduze nogu yaseQueensland Sea Coral.

Akunakwenzeka ukuba uqaphele yokuthi u-80% nezilwane ngeke uthole yikuphi emhlabeni. Nakuba iwashi koalas, dingoes, ama-kangaroo, impish, platypus, wombat futhi wallaby endle akunakwenzeka. Wonke umuntu nesithakazelo Kunconywa ukuya kwelinye abaningi nemvelo reserves, ethandwa kakhulu zazo kubhekwe epaki ezishisayo (Port Douglas) inqolobane "Healesville" (Victoria) futhi epaki izilwane zasendle "Cleland" (South Australia).

Isigaba 8. Izilwane zwekazi emhlabeni wonke izinkinga

Yiqiniso, isithakazelo kakhulu phakathi izivakashi ncamashi marsupial-Australia. Kungani? Into wukuthi bale zezinto eziphilayo ezitholakala kuphela kuleli zwekazi, ngakho ngamunye wabo angaba kubhekwe esiyingqayizivele.

Nokho, naphezu kwakho konke imizamo eyenziwe uHulumeni nezinhlangano ezifanele, inombolo yabo unyaka nonyaka, usaqhubeka ukuba kwehla okushaqisayo. Okokuqala, iphutha isici womuntu. Ngenxa yalokho kangako ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi, ukuphela kwendawo yawo yokuhlala zemvelo, izilwane eziningi zibulawa imoto noma ehlaselwa yizinja isilwane.

Kodwa zikhona izikhathi lapho ochwepheshe abakwazi ngokunembile ukunquma imbangela yokufa kwezilwane esiyingqayizivele. Ngokwesibonelo, koalas angaphansi ezingavamile izifo chlamydia, futhi kulesi sigaba, ososayensi akukho abangakwenza ngaphandle ukuba bagome zonke izilwane olulodwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu kabili ngonyaka ehlathini wathumela emakhulwini amaqembu ezisebenzi zokuzithandela.

Australia ikhula izindodla poppy ukutshalwa buthola eminyakeni yamuva mkhulu nesivinini omkhulu. Yiqiniso, lolu hlobo lwebhizinisi nethonya elizuzisa emnothweni, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kubangela buhlungu okubalulekile emhlabeni isilwane. Iqiniso lokuthi ezinye amalungu nezilwane zendawo ngomqondo ongokoqobo yegama elithi uthando ukuzitika on izithelo poppy, futhi, ekugcineni, awela ephelele aphila, ekubeni okuthiwa abayimilutha e sama isilwane. Namhlanje, ezweni lonke, kwanqunywa Wokuvikelwa komhlaba ngokumelene ingress kangaroo nezinye izimo.

Ingabe kuragela futhi ekwakheni esibhedlela ukuze sibone izilwane zasendle. Manje, uma kudingeka, uyokwenza ngokubavusa ngokushayela inombolo ekhethekile yamahhala ukwazisa ochwepheshe ngokuba ezigulayo noma ezilimele. bedolage usizo zizonikezwa cishe ngokushesha. Amaklinikhi, kokubili ezivamile neselula, eyotholakala kusukela esikhwameni yomphakathi. Futhi njengoba ulimi olusemthethweni ngesiNgisi e-Australia, cishe never unezinkinga ekutholeni abaxhasi kanye abashisekeli kusuka emhlabeni wonke.

Isigaba 9. izitshalo nezwekazi eliseningizimu

Leli zwekazi ngokwaso, futhi ngempela le sase-Australia, has a flora engavamile. Okwamanje, kunezinhlobo cishe abangaphezu kuka-27 000 zama-flora, kuhlanganise lezo zidingo abanazo kanye izitshalo ezimbalwa, zezinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu angase abizwe ngokuthi ogwadule Sweet Pea Sturt, telopeyu, banksia futhi kangaroo isidladla.

Abavakashi zivame kusimangaze Acacia zendawo, edume ngokuthi mimosa Australian, zikagamthilini, nemisayipuresi zikaphayini, itiye izihlahla futhi imihlume.

Nokho, lesi sitshalo esiyinqaba mhlawumbe kungenziwa ngokuthi ama-orchid duckbill. Umuntu umbala kule isitshalo omelele ikilasi emangalisa ufana nedada amancane ahlekisa kakhulu. Kodwa sawfly owesilisa ayibone owesifazane, futhi ngenxa yalokho ngokushesha fly ebheke oyimfihlakalo. Ngenxa yalokho, kuba ngaphakathi isitshalo kokuba imbali okunamathelayo neziqu kanye isizinda. Nakuba isinambuzane abampofu ezama ukuqeda le olukhuni ukwangiwa platypus orchid, yena, yona, ngesandla esivulekile lavishes impova yayo. Escape inkululeko, iduna indiza eya izitshalo ezilandelayo, impova, futhi kanjalo sinezele ukusabalala olwengeziwe.

Isigaba 10. Inhloko-dolobha Yase-Australia - engavamile kakhulu emhlabeni

Kuphela kakhulu, njengoba besho, ngokwendawo abantu savvy kungaba usheshe uphendule ngazo ukuthi umuzi omkhulu kuleli zwe akuyona Sydney noma Melbourne, njengoba kukholelwa kanjalo ngokuvamile, futhi Canberra nesizotha. Kubangelwa yini lokho?

Incazelo umsindo esicacile: Australia Ubekezela eside kangaka ukunikeza entendeni komunye kathi kwale mizi emibili ngobukhulu kuleli zwe, ukuthi ekugcineni kwanqunywa ukuba ulithumele wesithathu. Canberra futhi likhethiwe ithuba, kanye nemizana elise cishe iphakathi amadolobha amakhulu amabili.

Isigaba 10. Imizi eyinhloko yezwe

Australia ... Chaza kafushane ezweni akunakwenzeka ukuba aphumelele, namagxamesi ayo, futhi nakakhulu. Enye into nakanjani - yilowo nalowo kubo angabhekwa ekhoneni eyingqayizivele kakhulu kule planethi yethu.

Sydney - yindawo lapho isiko eduze futhi, mhlawumbe, is isici zithandelana art kanye izikhumbuzo of imvelo. Hallmark yedolobha, kokubili isimiso kanye nasezweni lonke, iyona Sydney Quay, uhamba lapho, njengoba abantu bendawo kanye izivakashi eziningi ungajabulela imibono Opera House kanye Harbour Bridge.

Melbourne idume ngokuchichima yayo ezitolo, izitolo ezidayisa izinto eziyizikhumbuzo, amathilomu nezindawo zokudlela. Futhi lapha ungakwazi ukujabulela izibiliboco okulungiselelwe labapheki abavela cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba.

Ngo Brisbane endaweni yokuqala ukuya kubo bonke abathandi izilwane zasendle, eziqiwini ethile. Kubonakala yingakho kukhona izihambi eziningi kangaka nezingane.

Adelaide - kuyinto edolobheni resort, ezivela emhlabeni wonke izivakashi abathandi amabhishi ezimhlophe, i-azure ulwandle surface futhi ilanga emnene.

Isigaba 11. Amaqiniso UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki mayelana Australia

• I-Australia yizwe elinencingo ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Yakhiwa ukuze kuvikele umhlaba ovundile kusuka ezinambuzane ezikhona, ama-dingoes asendle. Ubude bokwakhiwa kuyinombolo enkulu kakhulu yamakhilomitha angu-5614. Esikhatsini sesabelomali sezwe, izindleko ezinjalo zomcingo, kunjalo, njengoba zisho, ipennyamu enhle, kodwa kuphela ngale ndlela kwakungenzeka ukugcina imfuyo ezidalwa.
• Uke wabona ibalazwe lase-Australia? Uma kunjalo, khona-ke mhlawumbe waqaphela ukuthi leli zwekazi linkulu kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, uhulumeni wezwe uzama ukwenza konke okusemandleni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi akunakwenzeka, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhamuzi zendawo lapha zikhululekile futhi ziphephile. Kungenxa yale njongo ukuthi banquma ukwakha inkonzo ye okuthiwa "Flying Doctors". Manje, uma kunesidingo, ochwepheshe bangakwazi ukusiza ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zezwekazi.
• Abantu base-Australia bavame ukukhetha ukulima njengomsebenzi wabo oyinhloko. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba kuleli zwekazi kuze kube manje lidlelo elikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, odla nsuku zonke izimvu eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu neziyizinkulungwane ezingu-16 000.
• Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, i-Australia yaba yindawo yokuboshwa kwabangu-160 000 abavela e-Great Britain. Ukutholakala kwe-Australia kwenzeka, futhi ngokushesha masinyane izitsha ezazilayishwe izintatheli zadonswa lapha. Akuwona wonke umuntu okwazi ukufika eningizimu, abaningi bafa endleleni, futhi abazange balinde umhlaba. Empeleni, kuze kube yimanje, abangaba ngu-25% wabakhileyo bendawo bangakholelwa ukuthi okhokho babo babenecala.
• I-Australia yizwe elinengxenye enkulu kunazo zonke ze-Antarctic, eyanikezwa yi-UK iminyaka engaba ngu-100, ngo-1933. Le nsimu i-5.6 million km ² .
• Kuvela ukuthi ama-kangaroos adumile awahlali kuphela e-Australia kuphela. Zitholakala endaweni yaseScotland esendle. Bavelaphi? Into yukuthi okhokho babo bebelokhu bangeniswa eYurophu njengamakhophi ezitolo zangasese, bevinjelwa ukuthi, uhulumeni waxosha ukuthi uphonsa izilwane ezingekho emgwaqeni emgwaqweni. Vumelana, akunakwenzeka ukuthi othile uzoqasha ukuthutha ukuze abuyisele ama-kangaroo kumaphesathi abo asekhaya. Ngakho-ke kuvela ukuthi iningi lazo likhishwe ekukhululweni.