Kuyini izinsizwa noma isevisi, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo asazi lutho

Lutho irked izigodi le serfs njengoba sihlale sikulindele we izinsizwa esilandelayo. Ngaphandle ebheka ngesikhathi ubulungiswa draw "setha", ngaphansi usongo izixhumanisi soldiery kwenzakala ngamunye umphakathi nochuku insizwa ephakathi kwengu-17 no-32. I imfuneko kuphela kwaba impilo ngokomzimba we faka, likalwa ezingeni ukuhlolisisa sasivumela olunzulu, ingabe ukuhlonipha compositors kaPetru. Ngakho, ibutho akazange athathe hhayi kuphela "izinyonga, Curves kanye Umkhomo", kodwa futhi "chipped" futhi babe isici asobala ukubukeka.

Kusukela umlando izinsizwa

Ngakho uyini ngiyofundela ezempi sisonke? Ukuqala lokhu esabekayo kepha ezidingekile zikhathi ezigcwele izinkathazo usethe, ubheke ekhulwini XVII. Nakuba-ke okushiwo izinsizwa futhi aphume umbuzo. Kumiswa Amasosha abavamile futhi onodumo, dragoon amabutho ngaleso sikhathi wayebaphathele oluqoqwe kuwo wonke izigodi "datochnymi abantu." Ngokungafani umdwebo eziningi ezilungisiwe amasethi kamuva oyi-Petrine kwakungafanele letindzala, kantsi ukukhethwa iphutha, cishe, by ukwehlukana ohlanganyelwe nezinhlu yayo indoda, akudingekile ngakho emphakathini.

By the way, isimiso 'izimvu black ", akazange ashiye ukuqondana abo futhi kamuva kakhulu, lapho ngo-1705, wakhipha igama elisha -" ukubuthelwa empini. " Nokho, ubulungiswa ezithile izinguquko ezintsha namanje kwaba. Umphakathi namanje esikhundleni ezihlukahlukene izinqumo zasebukhosini ngendlela othanda ngayo, kodwa isibindi izixazululo wangaphambili babonakala. A ukubuthela engamakhulu manje akukho ngaphansi kuka-80% amadoda kwadingeka ngaphandle umndeni, futhi okuncane kuphela, ngenxa yezizathu simbe, futhi ngokudlula isimemezelo njalo uyasala imikhaya ngezinye izikhathi eziningi. Kodwa lokhu ubulungiswa yaphela ngo-1757, lapho le nto yokuma kokungenzi lutho wathutha ngokuphelele entandweni pay-Offs.

izimiso Jikelele izinsizwa nomhlangano

Kuze 1736 izinsizwa zibe impendulo Russian ambalwa nje, kodwa izimiso ezingeguquleke:

• ngaphansi Iwele wonke amakilasi, kungakhathaliseki ukubaluleka ekilasini;
• zabantwana bakwa-izikhulu ngaphansi izinsizwa ubize ngegama ne sokunqophisa ensizweni uye ngaphandle kungenzeka ukuma esikhundleni sakhe omunye umuntu. Kodwa abantu abavamile, kanye ngazo zonke izikhathi, kuncike ngokuphelele intando umphakathi, iphuzu unogada ukubuthela amathikithi ngekhono esingangaleso esingalotshwa "cap elibomvu" njalo bawa bezloshadniki noma abantu abawuhlupho. Noma nje wambuza lo mbuzo-General Meeting;
• Isevisi kungekho lwezikhathi kwase - kwaze kwaba umzimba kanye namandla okukuthwala duty, lalibhekwa njengento isosha;
• akukho fixed imithetho ngokuthi uma ukusetha futhi bangaki abantu nge isibalo samakhaya (izigodi, imiphakathi) ukukhetha akekho ngokwakhona. isethi ngayinye wadala izimo ezintsha, owawuthi, futhi yaqedwa phezulu namabutho empi.

Nge 1736 kwafika amalungelo kuqala inzalo yizicukuthwane - baye isinqumo umkhandlu umndeni senziwa, abazalwane abakhonza enkonzweni, futhi ubani elawulwa epulazini elikhulu. Futhi isevisi entsha ngesikhathi - engu-25, avunyelwa ukuba abuyele ekuphileni sokuya empini namanje "e bokuphila." kwadingeka Enye engu-26 ahlupheke ezicukuthwaneni "engasindi" izimo ekuqasheni, ezifana esinqumweni 1762 umuzwa wecala osindayo selibekiwe ngokuphelele emahlombe abantu abavamile. Ngawo lowo nyaka kukhona sokubala kancane kancane ngokukhululeka inkonzo amakilasi nelungelo, kanye nabantu.

Ukubuthwa ngaphansi Nicholas mina

Ukubusa Nicholas mina, wenza izinguquko ezimqoka e imigomo yesevisi, okuyinto ngokuyinhloko kuveziwe embikweni okhuthaza nobude ahlala ibutho - ngakho, ngo-1872, ibhalekisi ukuphila kwaba uNkulnkulu 7, ngokumelene ngiyofundela ezempi ngaphansi Petru 1, uyavuma ukuthi kwaba intela ku-ubuchwepheshe encane.

Charter kusukela 1831 eye wavumela cishe asule impi, ekhokhela ngamunye abanezidingo ezikhethekile insizwa ruble 1000. Kodwa kwakumane nje spoon elincane uju, ngoba usomqulu esifanayo wasungula oda entsha simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• izinsizwa manje kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka;
• iwaka lamadoda ukuba ngaphansi komsebenzi ngonyaka ukuthatha abantu abahlanu elula ngonyaka akudingeki sithuthukiswe - esuka kubantu 7 kuya ku-10 futhi bangaphezu kuka-leyo nombolo - kule minyaka elinezinkathazo.

Ukulwa nokonakala ebuthweni

Oku-ukuqagela isithakazelo ukuthi iziphathimandla zendawo sizobonisa ukuthi ezicashile izinqumo ezintsha, uNicholas Ngacabanga isixhumanisi elilawulayo e umfanekiso oyedwa. Kukhethwa yawa phezu kwezinsizwa induna Gendarmerie Corps of Ukubala Benkendorf, ogama lakhe manje cishe sekube vu yasendlini. Bala ngokushesha asabela ngayo aphoyintimenti futhi wabonisa kahle ezingavamile ngokunikeza njalo khona wekuhlanganisa abasebenzi isikhulu.

Igunya elengamele, okungukuthi, ingqapheli lapho sibhekene sathumela ilungelo ukubika noma isiphi isinambuzane noma kwi abaphathiswe ngesakhiwo ukwephulwa ngqo wempi yenkosi. Ngenxa lolu hlelo ezingalindelekile, ukukhonza ebukhoneni ukukhethwa ukubuthela akasenzanga disadvantageous, kodwa futhi ziyingozi.

Ibutho-ke, ibutho manje!

Kuyini ke izinsizwa, nendlela okusebenza ngayo esimweni samanje? Ngasiphi esiteji yebutho Russian waqhubeka umbuso jikelele ukungenela inkonzo yezempi, "obyazalovka" njengoba besho manje, futhi kwakuthinta kanjani iqophelo lokuqeqeshwa amabutho ethu?

1874 kungenziwa iphawulwe njengoba ekupheleni inkathi izinsizwa. iminyaka 169 eyathatha ibutho elinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni, ngokuba nesikhathi esimisiwe sokungasebenzisi kwakudingeka simise phakathi nalesi sikhathi ngethonya Russia isekela kuze kube manje.

Ngiyofundela ezempi ngaphansi Petru 1 ifinyelele mass eliphakeme e 1725 - ke Awuvikela tindlelanchubo isimo abayizinkulungwane 200 ..

ngokuphindwe kathathu ngaphezu kwalokho, yayihloselwe lapho bengena ensimini yethu amabutho sikaNapoleon - kusukela 1805 kuya 1812.

NeMpi YaseCrimea ithole izinqolobane ngempela kuze kube manje ezingabonwayo - cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-isigamu kusukela kuqala impi futhi abayizinkulungwane 300 ngaphezulu -. Ukuze ekupheleni kwaso. Uyini izinsizwa enkulu yaleso sikhathi, ayikwazi ukukhuluma - izinombolo azikhulumele: isikhalazo bekulokhu cishe jikelele.

Ukuphumelela ukuhlupheka okunjalo iRussia yayinabantu empini Russian-Turkish - futhi laphinde eqoqwe ngaphansi ashaya elilodwa kanye amasosha isigamu kwezigidi ezingu-plus nezinduna.

Manje inani lamasosha Russian akhiwa inkathi ngasekupheleni XIX leminyaka, okungukuthi, kusho ukulungela njalo ubuso esinamandla, omunye sesigidi Ukwakheka, futhi kuba ngezikhathi zokuthula kanye ukwethembeka owaziwa abaqashwayo ejensi, phezu okuyinto kuthé inkemba ka Damocles Bala Benkendorf.

Le ndlela kumiswa kwezinhloko zamaviyo - kucashwa ayimpoqo yonyaka - yehluke kancane kusukela "intando kunjalo", ukubuthelwa empini, futhi lokho, niyabo, unyaka owodwa empini nokhahlo yesimanje ngokumelene "bavunyelwe" engu-25 kanye noPetru isikhalazo futhi iminyaka eyisikhombisa inkonzo ne 'soft' Nicholas wecala?