Kusho ukuveza kahle inkondlo. Kuyini ukuvezwa kwenkulumo?

Isihloko se-athikili yethu siyisindlela sokuveza kahle inkondlo. Kuyini, sizobe sitshele ngezansi. Njengesibonelo sokuhlaziywa nokulungisa izinto, umfundi uyamenywa ukuba anakekele inkondlo kaTyutchev ethi "Amaqabunga" kanye nemigqa emihle yezinkondlo ezisePushkin "Winter Morning".

Iyini indlela yokuveza izinto?

Kusho ukuveza kahle ukukhuluma - isakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi (phonetic), izakhi zokwenziwa kwezakhi zamagama, izakhi noma izinhlamvu ezisetshenziselwa ukufeza impumelelo engcono kulokho okwakushiwo, ukuheha, ukugcizelela izici ezithile zokukhuluma.

Nika:

• Umsindo (phonetic) usho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemisindo ethile, ephindaphindiwe ngezikhathi ezithile, enikeza umsindo okhethekile. Izindlela ezinjalo zazivame ukusetshenziselwa izimbongi ezingokomfanekiso. Isibonelo, inkondlo edumile kaKonstantin Balmont "Imifula" iyamangalisa ngemisindo ephikisayo eyenza umphumela womsindo ovela emhlanga.
• I-Syntactic. Lezi zici zokwakha imisho. Isibonelo, ku-V. Mayakovsky - imisho emfushane, ehlabayo okugxila ngokushesha esihlokweni.
• Phraseological. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa komlobi wezinkulumo zemisho noma izinkulumo ezibizwa ngokuthi iphiko-aphorisms.
• I-Lexical ne-semantic: ehlobene nezwi nencazelo yalo.
• Imigudu. Ngokuvamile kuvamile ekukhulumeni lobuciko. Lesi sithombe nesi-metonymy, i-hyperbole.

Kusho ukuveza kahle inkondlo

Ngaphambi kokuvula inkondlo nokutadisha izindlela zalo zokuveza, kufanelekile ukunaka isitayela sale hlobo. Njengoba sishilo ngenhla, izindlela ezicacile zohlobo ngalunye zisebenzisa ezakhe. Ngokuvamile, lezi zindlela zokugcizelela injongo yomlobi zitholakala kwisitayela sobuciko. Izinkondlo nhlobo uhlobo lwezobuciko (ngezinye izinto ezingavamile kakhulu), ngakho-ke izindlela zokuveza ngokucacile kule nkondlo zisetshenziselwa ukuba umfundi aqonde ulwazi oluthe xaxa, aqonde kangcono umbhali. Kubalobi be-prose, ifomu nesitayela azivumeli ukuba zivinjelwe ngobukhulu bemisebenzi yabo, kanti kunzima kakhulu ukuthi izinkondlo zibeke imizwa nemicabango yabo, umbono nokuqonda emigqeni emifushane.

Amasu asetshenziswe kaningi kakhulu ekuvezeni izinkondlo

Izindlela zokuveza ukudweba kwezobuciko kule nkondlo zihlukile kakhulu. Akuzona impahla yomlobi othile, njengoba zenziwe futhi zithuthukiswa ngaphezu kwamashumi eminyaka. Kodwa lapha ngezibonelo ezithile kanye nangezintandokazi ngezinye izikhathi kuba lula kakhulu ukubona umlobi. Ngokwesibonelo, izinkondlo zikaSergei Yesenin, zigcwele ama-epithets amahle nezifanekiselo ezimangalisayo. Uma umuntu owazi isitayela sakhe efundeka inkondlo engaziwa, cishe uzobiza umlobi ngaphandle kwe-hitch.

Kusho ukuveza okucacile kule nkondlo:

• I-Allegory. Okuyisisekelo salo ekuboniseni into noma izici zobuntu ngokusebenzisa isithombe esithile. Isibonelo, impisi ezindabeni zezinganekwane kanye nezinganekwane zihlale ziyisibonakaliso sezibikezelo zobuhlukumezi, u-ferocity, intando yomuntu.
• I-Hyperbola ne-litho. Mane nje ufake, ukugqweba kwezobuciko kanye nokuqaphelana.
• I-antithesis. Indlela yokucabangela, ezuzwa ngombono we-juxtaposition noma ukubeka eduze kwemiqondo emibili noma ngaphezulu ehlukile. NJENGOBA, njengePushkin, mayelana nesiphepho sithi: "Njengesilo, uyakhala, bese ukhala njengengane."
• Anaphora. Lokhu kuyisiqalo esifanayo semigqa eminingana, njengombongo ocacile ngu Konstantin Simonov "Linda kimi".
• I-Alliteration. Ukusetshenziswa kwemisindo eqondile yochungechunge oluthile lomsindo, njengalokhu "Bulrushes" kaBalmont, imisindo yokuhlaziya ihamba phambili komunye nomunye, yenza ukukhanya komswakama komsindo ebusuku.
• I-Metaphor. Incazelo ephathekayo yegama, ngokusekelwe kumpawu eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, indlu ka-Esenin endala. Indlu encane iqhathaniswa nowesifazane osekhulile ngenxa yobudala obubili bobubili.
• I-Metonymy. Igama elilodwa esikhundleni salinye, noma ingxenye esikhundleni sonke.
• Ukuvuselelwa. Ukwamukelwa, lapho into engapheli ibhekwa izakhiwo zabaphilayo.
• Ukuqhathanisa ne-epithet. Okokuqala uma into eyodwa iqhathaniswa nomunye ngomphumela omuhle wokudluliswa kolwazi. Owesibini uyaziwa ngabaningi kwizifundo zezincwadi futhi kuyincazelo yobuciko.

Kusho ukucacisa embondweni ethi "Amaqabunga" iTyutchev

Ukuhlanganisa kangcono isihloko, sizobheka izinkondlo ezithile futhi, ngesibonelo sabo, zama ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokuveza.

Lo mzamo wezinkondlo womlobi ukuqonda injongo yokuphila, ukulila isikhathi sakhe sokwemvelo kuyisimo sangempela sezinkondlo zezwe. Ufana ne-monologue yamaqabunga, ukuthi badabukile ngokusasa kwabo futhi kungenakuqondakala kahle ngehlobo.

Kunezindlela eziningi zokuziveza lapha. Lokhu kungukuthi uqobo lwabantu (amaqabunga akhuluma, akhombise, umbhali uwaveza kumfundi ngokuphila kwezidalwa), futhi ukuphikisana (amaqabunga ahluke ngokwawo ngenaliti), futhi ukufaniswa (kubiza izinaliti zezingwegwe izinaliti zamaphini). Lapha futhi singabona amasu wokuhlunga (umsindo "ж", "ч", "ш").

Ukudlala ngefomu lesikhashana lesenzo kusiza umbhali ukuthi athole umphumela wezinkinobho, ukunyakaza. Ngenxa yalolu lwazi, umfundi uzwa cishe ukuhamba kwesikhathi nokuhamba kwamaqabunga. Yebo, njengombongo othile, "amaqabunga" wawungekho ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwama-epithets. Kuneziningi zazo lapha, zimibalabala futhi ziyaphila.

Qaphela ubukhulu benkondlo. Emigqeni emine nje emincane, imbongi isebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuveza futhi iphakamisa imibuzo eningi yamafilosofi. Njalo qaphela lapho ufunda izinkondlo, futhi uzomangala lapho umlobi esitshela khona.

Inkondlo "Ebusika Ekuseni"

Izincazelo zokubonga inkondlo ethi "Winter Morning" zijabulisa ngokuhluka kwayo. Lo msebenzi uyisampula yezingoma ezinhle kakhulu zezwe.

Amasu a-A.S. I-Pushkin isebenzisa ukufeza isimo sengqondo esiyingqayizivele - lokhu ngokuyinhloko ukuphikisa. Ukungafani phakathi kwezolo nosuku oluhle namuhla kufakazela kokubili izithombe zemvelo - isiphepho seqhwa elibandayo kanye nokusa okuhle - ezindaweni ezihlukene. Umfundi njengokungathi ubona umsindo we-blizzard, neqhwa elikhazimulayo.

Ama-epithets akhethekile "abukeka kahle", "amangalisayo", "amanga" agcizelela isimo sengqondo somlobi futhi asidlulisele kithi. Ukuletha izinkondlo kubuye kube umuntu. I-blizzard lapha "intukuthelo," futhi ubumnyama esibhakabhakeni esibumnyama "bugugile".

Ekuphethweni

Izindlela zokuveza kahle ukukhuluma akugcini nje ukuhlobisa futhi zengeze inkulumo, zenza ziphile, ubuciko. Zifana namaphoyinti aqhakazile, lapho umculi enza isithombe sakhe. Umgomo wabo ukugcizelela nokulalela, ukuqinisa umbono, mhlawumbe ngisho nokumangala. Ngakho-ke, uma ufunda izinkondlo, ungasheshi, cabanga ngalokho umlobi ofuna ukukudlulisela. Ukudlula imibono yabaculi abakhulu begama elifihliwe phakathi kwemigqa, ulahlekelwa okuningi.