Cape Dezhnev ebalazweni laseRussia: izixhumanisi, umlando nezithombe. Uphi iCape Dezhnev?

Kunezindawo eziningi ezithakazelisayo ebalazweni laseRussia ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukwazi konke mayelana nabo. Amadolobha namadolobha ahlukene, izintaba nemifula. Esihlokweni esifanayo, sizokukhuluma ngekona elincane, kodwa elibaluleke kakhulu nelithakazelisayo lezwe, njengeCape Dezhnev.

Umlando omncane

Ngaphambi kokuba ufunde ulwazi mayelana ne-cape, udinga ukubheka okuncane emlandweni bese uthola ukuthi ubani owayemtholile, nokuthi ubani obizwa nge-cape yakhe. Kuyothakazelisa ukubona ukuthi leli cape kuze kube ngu-1879 libizwa ngokuthi yiMpumalanga eyodwa. Futhi kuphela kulo nyaka owedlule ukuphoqelelwa ngumhloli wamazwe waseSweden u-A. E. Nordenskiöld wabizwa ngokuthi udumo lomhloli ovelele futhi owaziwayo waseRussia waseMpumalanga neNyakatho Siberia, uSemyon Ivanovich Dezhnev. USemyon Ivanovich uqobo wayehlala ekhulwini le-17, wayengesiyena kuphela umzila wezithuthi kanye nomgibeli wempi, kodwa no-Cossack ataman. Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe wabamba iqhaza ezinkundleni eziningi zempi nokulwa, kwaba nokulimala okungaba ngu-13, ezintathu zazo ezazinzima kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuzange kumise umhambi. Ngo-1647 wajoyina uhambo lukaPopov njengomqoqo we-yasaka. Naleli qembu elifanayo lama-comrades, naye waya empumalanga. Imikhumbi eminingi kulolu hambo yaphazamiseka, kodwa uDezhnev nabangane bakhe base befinyelele emkhatsini we-Asia ne-America, bezungeza iPeninsula yaseChukchi enyakatho. Emaphethelweni okuthiwa yi "Great Chukchi Nose" (manje sekuyiCape Dezhnev), wayeka neqembu lakhe, wavakashela ama-Eskimos. Umkhankaso wakhe uSemyon Ivanovich, eqinisweni, wenza izinto ezimbili ezinkulu ezitholakala endaweni yokubuka:

1. Kwafakazela ukuthi iMelika iyizwekazi elizimele ngokuphelele, lihlukaniswe ngamanzi.
2. Ngathola ukuthi kusukela eYurophu ukuya eChina ungangena olwandle olusenyakatho ngokumane ugijime eSiberia.

Ngakho akufanele kube khona imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ubani owathola uDezhnev Cape. Lona kwakunguSemyon Ivanovich ngokwakhe. Kodwa ngokubhekene nokucindezeleka, waqanjwa ngokuthi uBering, ngoba ulwazi mayelana nemikhankaso kaDezhnev eYurophu kwakungakaze lukhona (konke kwagcinwa ejele laseJakut). Ngakho-ke, okubalulekile komuntu owaziwayo kusalokhu kuhlale ku-VI Bering.

Mayelana neziqu

Okuthakazelisayo kuyoba ulwazi, olubhekisela kumagama ale cape. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 lalibizwa ngokuthi yi-navigator Dezhnev. Ezinsukwini zokuphila komcwaningi, wayevele ebizwa ngokuthi i-Great Chukchi Nose, noma i-Stone Nose. Futhi, igama layo laziwa ngokuthi liyadingeka (okungukuthi, elingahle lidlule). Futhi ngo-1778 u-Cook wase-England u-Cook wabiza ngokuthi yi-cape yaseMpumalanga (njengoba yayibizwa ngokuyinhloko eYurophu), enegama elinjalo ngaphambi kokuyiqamba kabusha eKapa Dezhnev.

I-Geography

Ungayithola kanjani iKapa Dezhnev ebalazweni? Yonke into elula, itholakala kuChukotka futhi yiyona ndawo eqhamuka kakhulu empumalanga yezwekazi. Ngaphandle kokuba yiyona ndawo eyinhloko yezwekazi elisempumalanga yeRussia, libuye libe yingxenye enkulu kakhulu empumalanga ye-Eurasia. Ukuphila, le cape ayifanele kakhulu, ngoba ibonisa ukuphakama kwentaba (ukuphakama kwayo kufinyelela kumamitha angu-740), okuyinto ephuka kakhulu olwandle. Itholakala eBering Strait, ehlanganisa uLwandle lweChukchi (i-Arctic Ocean) neBering Sea (Pacific Ocean). Kumele futhi ukwazi izixhumanisi zaseCape Dezhnev. Lena ingxenye ye-66 ° 04'45 ". W. 169 ° 39'7 ". E.

Amaphuzu aseduzane

Ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo kakhulu kuyoba ukuthi kusukela eKapa Dezhnev (iphuzu elisempumalanga ye-Eurasia) ukuya eCape Prince of Wales (iphuzu elisentshonalanga kakhulu eNyakatho Melika - Alaska) lingamakhilomitha angu-86 kuphela. Futhi esimweni sezulu esicacile, ungabona ngisho neziqephu zenye izwekazi - eNyakatho Melika.

Naukan

Futhi nakuba iCape Dezhnev ingenakufanelekela impilo, kusekhona izindawo zokuhlala. Amakhilomitha ayishumi avela kuwo umzana omncane wase-Uelen. Endaweni enjalo ye-cape yimizi elahliwe yama-whalers aseNaukan, ayenama-18-20 ekhulwini leminyaka. Nokho, phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet, ngo-1958, njengengxenye yomkhankaso wokususa abantu baseRussia baseMelika, idolobha laqedwa. Kuze kube yilolu phuzu, abantu abangaba ngu-400 bahlala lapho, okwakungaba nabantwana ababalelwa ku-13. Namuhla, imindeni ethile, ogogo babo-omkhulu-ugogo nomkhulu babehlala eNaukan, bahlala kude, emadolobheni aseChukchi aseLorino, e-Uelen, eLavrentia, kanye nasemadolobheni ase-Eskimo aseSereniki, e-Uelkar noNovoe Chaplino. Umzana ngokwawo uthathwa njengesikhumbuzo sezakhiwo futhi uvikelwe yimithetho yenhlangano.

Uelen

Njengoba kukhulunywe ngenhla, umzana oseduze kuya eDezhnev Cape yiyona ndawo yase-Uelen. Ukwaziswa okulandelayo kuyothakazelisa: igama layo lasendulo ngu-Ulyk, i-Chukchi - Pok'ytykyn, i-Eskimo - Oliq. Ekuhunyushweni, konke lokhu kusho "umkhawulo womhlaba," "ukuphela kwezwe," "indawo egcwele amanzi." Kumele futhi kuthiwa esikhathini esedlule, u-Uelen wayengumkhawulo we-Eskimo, kepha kancane kancane i-Chukchi yanyusa ama-Eskimos, ehlala ezindaweni zokuhlala eduze neKapa Dezhnev. Namuhla le mpahla iyiyunithi yokuphatha ozimele kakhulu. Baphethe ukuphathwa kwabo, ibhizinisi lezolimo, isikole sokubhoda, isiteshi sesimo sezulu, isikhungo samasiko, inkulisa, isibhedlela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindawo ezimbalwa zokudayisa. Imisebenzi esemqoka edolobhaneni: ukuzingela olwandle olusilisayo. Lapha bakhipha i-lakhtak, i-walrus, uphawu, futhi nayo yakamuva kanye ne-whale. Izakhamuzi ezifanayo zolwandle bese zithengisa izakhamuzi zendawo.

I-flora nezilwane

Yini enye ecebile eCape Dezhnev? Ngakho-ke, kunezitshalo nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Izakhamuzi zasolwandle: i-Greenlandic ne-gray whales, i-Lahtak, i-Saika, iGoby, i-Flounder, i-Far East ne-Navaga ne-Arctic char. Ngokuvamile zikhona izilwane ezinjengo-wolverine, impisi, i-fox, isikhukhula se-arctic, ibhere le-polar. Ngokuqondene nezinyoni, kukhona ama-partridges amhlophe nezimpungushe ezimhlophe, ama- crows, i-gyrfalcon nama-guillemots.

Izikhumbuzo

Njengoba usuqalile ukuthi i-Dezhnev Cape ikhona kuphi ebalazweni laseRussia, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ulwazi oluthile mayelana nezikhumbuzo ezitholakala kokubili e-Cape futhi hhayi kude nayo. Ukukhangwa kokuqala kanye okuyinhloko kwe-cape yi-lighthouse-isikhumbuzo ku-Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev. Yakhelwe ngesimo se-obelisk enhle yesitrahedral. Itholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaba ngu-100 ngaphezu kolwandle. Okuseduze kukhona isiphambano esikhulu sasendulo, esingaqondakali, sisabonakala sikhulu. Kuyafaneleka futhi ukuphawula ukuthi ukuhlonishwa kwesitimela uDezhnev, idolobhana, i-bay, isiqhingi kanye ne-peninsula nabo babizwa ngokuthi. Futhi kuVeliky Ustyug ngo-1972, uSemyon Ivanovich wafakwe isikhumbuzo. Manje kancane mayelana nezindawo ezihlala eduze neCape Dezhnev:

1. Amathuna ase-Uelen. Lokhu, okokuqala, kuyigugu kunazo zonke kusukela ekubukeni kwamathuna okuvubukula.
2. I-Ekven ingumngcwabo wasendulo wokungcwaba u-Eskimo, okuyinto namuhla isikhumbuzo sokuvubukula sokubaluleka kombuso. Kubalulekile futhi kusukela ekubukeni kwezinto zakudala.
3. Umzana wase-Eskimo omdala kunabo bonke, owakhiwa kamuva, nguNaukan.

Mayelana nobuhle

Emva kwakho konke okushiwo ngenhla, singasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi isici sezinto ezithakazelisayo kunazo zonke iCape Dezhnev (isithombe - ubufakazi bokuqala kwalokhu). Lapha kunezimakethe eziningi zezinyoni. Lapha ungabona futhi uphawu nophenyo olwandle - into ejabulisayo, ikakhulu kubantu abangasetshenziswanga. Futhi entwasahlobo, ungabona ngisho nezinyosi ze-polar ezinama-cubs (izivakashi zizokhumbula ngokuqinisekile ukuthi i-cartoon emhlophe i-cub Umka nomama wayo). Ngezikhathi ezithile, eduze nje kogwini, ama-gray whales kanye nemikhomo yokubulala ibhukuda. Futhi esimweni sezulu esicacile, ungabona ngisho nentshonalanga yezwekazi elihluke ngokuphelele - eNyakatho Melika.