Korolevich Vladislav sobukhosi Russian phakathi nokubusa kanye ezithakazelisayo amaqiniso

Władysław IV wazalwa ngo-June 9, 1595 Uyise wayengumGreki Sigismund III. Yena bekumele angene sobukhosi imperial eRussia 1610 ku 27 Agasti (Septhemba 6) ufungile enkantolo eMoscow kanye nabantu. Cabangela eminye yini waba yindodana eyaziwayo amaPolish King Korolevich Vladislav.

Uhlolojikelele

Ngokuhambisana nesivumelwano 1610, iziboshwa Smolensk phakathi enkantolo eMoscow Sigismund, Korolevich Vladislav kwadingeka zokushintsha. Kulokhu, cishe ngokushesha waqala minting zemali egameni lakhe. Ngo 1610 lowo nyaka wadingiswa amaFulentshi Vasiliy Shuysky. Nokho, owalandela ayikakamukeli ubuKristu efika eMoscow. Ngakho, esihlalweni sobukhosi sombuso, wayengabhekiseli ebekiwe umqhele. Ngo-October ka-1612 amaqembu Boyar wasekela kuye, wagudluzwa.

Korolevich Vladislav: Biography emfushane

Unina washona eminyakeni 3 ngemva kokuzalwa kwakhe. elikhulu ekhotho ngesikhathi wajabulela Ursula Meyerin. Wabuza Vladislav. Babalelwa ku-1600, u-Ursula, ngokusobala, ilahlekelwe abanye ethonyeni lawo. abafundi bayo atholwe othisha entsha emhlabeni naye kwakungoKarishena abaqeqeshi ezahlukene kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo, ikakhulukazi, babe Andrzej Sholdrsky Gabriel Prevantsiush Marek Lentkovsky. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Korolevich Vladislav uqale ubungane Adamu no Stanislav Kazanovsky. Kunobufakazi bokuthi yayinesithakazelo imidwebo futhi kamuva waba kangcono abaculi. Prince wakhuluma Polish kuphela. Nokho, ukufunda nokubhala, wayeyazi indlela e-Latin, isiNtaliyane, isiJalimane.

charter Sigismund

Ishayela Prince Ladislas kwakungandile olusemthethweni kakhulu. Yena noyise athunyelwa nge-diploma ekhethekile. Wachaza izimo eziyisisekelo ukhetho yakhe waba yinkosi. Ikakhulukazi, ngokuvumelana idokhumenti edlulisela negunya phezu kwawo wonke amadolobha emva ukwamukela ubuKristu. Njengoba ayebizwa ngokuthi YamaProthestani, kufanele abhapathizwe eMoscow. EyiNkosi eyayizobusa esikhathini esizayo kufanele bavikele isonto incithakalo, nikhuleke izinsalela okuyisimangaliso ukuhlonipha kwabo. Ungabeki iSonto ukukholelwa noma iliphi idolobha. Akuvunyelwe ukukhokha kanye ukuphoqa abantu kwenye inkolo. Kunoma ikuphi akuvumelekile ukuthatha kude amasonto zezindela bezwe, isivuno imali. Isikhulu akufanele, kunalokho, ukwaba izimali ngenxa yokuphila izinceku.

Ungavumeli ukwethulwa yiluphi ushintsho ezingeni futhi izikhundla ezazikhona isimo, ukuthi akuvumelekile ukubeka abantu Lithuanian kanye Polish ngokuba ukuphathwa kwezinto zemstvo. Akuvunyelwe wona ezimantshini, onobhala zabantu, abadala nababusi. fiefdoms Owabe futhi izigodi wabanikazi kwadingeka okufanele inakekelwe. Ukushintsha amaholo yengcebo uvunyelwe kuphela imvume Duma. A Ukubusa efanayo osebenza ku ukwamukelwa komthetho, elikhipha, ikakhulukazi isigwebo sokufa.

Rzeczpospolita neRussia babefuna ukuphila emhlabeni futhi ubuhlobo lempi. It okwakwenqatshelwe ngiphindisele lababuleweyo kokugumbuqelwa Dmitry lokuqala Amanga. Amaqembu futhi waqala abuyise izithunjwa ngaphandle isihlengo. Akufanele kudingeke ukushintsha imithetho ukuhweba kanye nokukhokha intela. Ngaphandle mutual kwakuyilona serfdom. Isinqumo ekhethekile sathathwa maqondana Cossacks. Kanye Duma obekumele ukunquma, kungaba emhlabathini Russian noma cha. Ngemva komshado kwakufanele ihlambulule izwe lwezigebengu namavukela-abangabazi. Inkosi wathembela umnikelo. Solved uthando lokufunda ukufunda nokubhala kanye isiphetho Amanga Dmitry II. It kahle noma ukubamba noma ukubulala. Marina Mniszek kufanele phinda Poland.

Semiboyarshina futhi Korolevich Vladislav (Smoot)

1610 kwaba ngempela nzima inkantolo eMoscow. Vasiliy Shuysky liketulwa Semiboyarshina. ozalweni oneminyaka engu-15 ubudala ka Sigismund engekho wathola amandla. Nokho, uyise esebeké phambili izimo uma kukhethwa Prince Ladislas. Okokuqala, Sigismund wayefuna abantu iguqulwe yamaKatolika kusukela Lobu-Orthodox. Boyars yena, ucelwa ukuba uthumele Vladislav eMoscow ukwelashwa bakhe ebuKristwini. It Sigismund waphendula benqaba. Kodwa ezinikela yena ibamba-umbusi waleli zwe. Lesi siphakamiso wawungamukeleki le boyars. Konke lokhu kuye kwabangela ukuba izenzo esinonya amaqembu. Ikakhulukazi, Vladislav IV ihlelwe emkhankasweni wempi. Esikhathini-amamitha Ngo-1616, yena uzama ukuba bathole amandla kabusha. Waze wakwazi ukunqoba a izimpi ambalwa. Nokho, ukuze uthwebule eMoscow, wayengakwazi. Naphezu esimemweni Prince Ladislas yesihlalo sobukhosi isiRashiya, Wakuthatha futhi akazange. Nokho, isihloko agcinwe ngu kuye kuze 1634

ukugumbuqela Semiboyarshina

Banikezwe simo, Hermogenes oNgcwele phathelana adunyazwe Duma Vladislav ubizo. Nokho, boyars yashaya phansi ngonyawo. Iqiniso lokuthi besalungisa umbuso isikhathi eside. Ngokushesha impela Shuya liketulwa cishe ngokushesha yasayina isivumelwano ne Sigismund. It vó ukuletha Vladislav, ukubhapathiza futhi ashade naye. Hermogenes, ngoba siqaphela ukuthi isimo kuleli zwe akusho ukuthuthukisa njengoba kulindeleke, iqala ukuze ajabulise abantu. Lokhu kuthumela izincwadi edolobheni ukushaya ukuya eMoscow ngibahluphe amandla nabasePoland. Ukuze lokhu yena wahlushwa. Nokho, injabulo abantu abayekanga, kodwa kunalokho anda. Ngenxa yalokho, sokuvukela eholwa Minin futhi Pozharsky. Abantu baya eMoscow futhi wagudluza le Boyar Duma. Esihlalweni sobukhosi sombuso Romanov.

okutholakele

Kuthiwa Vladislav oneminyaka engu-15 ubudala alikwazanga noma iyiphi inkosi nokubhala. Ngaleso sikhathi wayengaqondi ukuthatha amandla izixazululo, futhi zonke izenzo uyise asetshenziswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Sigismund setha izimo letiphakamiso we Boyar Duma. Ngesikhathi esifanayo amanxusa babedabuka ePoland futhi kwase ophezulu enkantolo futhi ithonywe yini omunye isinqumo. Yiqiniso, abantu eMoscow akakuthandanga lokho. Mhlawumbe Umfutho kwavukelwa ukuthi ukuziba amasiko Vladislav. Bathi nje kuphela ukuthi usemncane futhi basalokhu bengakakwazi ukusebenzisa isimo, ngakho naye ubhapathizo kanye lomshado wangafika. Ngakho-ke, ukumenyezelwa Tsar yayo Russia sasingekho isizathu sokuba zomthetho.

nomkhankaso wempi

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukubusa ngo-Commonwealth Vladislav ezimpini eziningana. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona izintaba futhi eMoscow. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wahlanganyela empini uMbuso WaseTurkey ngo-1621-m, Sweden - eminyakeni 1626-1629. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kanye ekuhambeni kwakhe kulo lonke elaseYurophu (1624-1625 biennium). Yena ngajwayelana imininingwane ubuciko nempi. Korolevich Vladislav ayiziphathanga izindaba bokulwa njengoba ebaluleke kakhulu. Akasona angefani olukhethekile impi, Nokho, owayevelele njengenceku umkhuzi sasivumela okunekhono.

inqubomgomo

Okokuqala Korolevich Vladislav wenqaba eduze Gabsburgami. Esikhathini-amamitha 1633, wathembisa amalungelo alinganayo izikhonzi Orthodox namaProthestani, ephoqa Katolika Radziwill uvumele umthetho. Lesi sakamuva kwakungasekho okunye kodwa ukuya phambili ngaphansi usongo yokudlulisela izikhundla key e-Commonwealth amaProthestani. Ngawo lowo nyaka esimisiwe Vladislav Kshyshtofa Radzivilla ukuba sesikhundleni esiphakeme nababusi Vilnius. Ngo-1635-m yokugcina iba hetman omkhulu Lithuanian. Izicukuthwane YamaProthestani ivinjiwe isithakazelo yomzamo Vladislav uqale nempi Sweden. Ngo-1635-m sasayinwa isivumelwano sokuthula stuhmsdorf. Kule ndaba, Vladislav uqalisiwe zalo ngoLwesibili nge abakwaHabsburg, isiboshwa kayise.

imishado

Polish Korolevich Vladislav wayeshadile kabili. Wabuza Pope Urban ukuba umthembisa ukuthi uzinikela kuye imvume umshado nokuboshelwa inkosazana amaProthestani. Kodwa mina sinqatshiwe. Ekuqaleni 1634 kuqhubeke, uthumela Alexander Pripkovskogo uCharles mina emsebenzini oyifihlo. Isilayezi kufanele nixoxe izinhlelo yasemshadweni futhi ukusiza ukubuyiselwa Polish Navy. Emhlanganweni-March 19, udaba lomshado 1635 waba. Nokho, uma kwakukhona ababhishobhi ezine kuphela, esinye sazo asibiza asekelwe amapulani. Umshado sokuqala senzeka entwasahlobo ka 1636 Vladislav washada uCecilia uRenata Austria. Bezalwa Sigismund Casimir futhi Anna Maria Isabel. Eyokuqala ushone eneminyaka engu-ayisikhombisa kusukela nesihudo, indodakazi wafa isakhasa. Ngo 1644-m uCecilia wafa. Ngo 1646-m Vladislav washada inkosazana French Mariey Luizoy de Gonzaga de Nevers. Izingane abazange babe.

inqubekela

Ekuqaleni kuka-Novemba 1632, Vladislav baba amaPolish King Sigismund ngemva kokufa. Ngalesi sikhathi, Mikhail Romanov enquma ukuya empini nge Rzeczpospolita. Wayenethemba lokuthi ukusizakala ukudideka yesikhashana ngemva kokufa Sigismund. Abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi 34,5. Abantu ewela imingcele esisempumalanga Polish Pospoltitoy. Ngo-October 1632 ibutho ovinjezelwe Smolensk. Russia yanika yakhe Deulino kuthula e 1618, Nokho, empini, Vladislav ephethwe hhayi kuphela bahoxa, kodwa futhi sizungezwe amasosha kanye ukumphoqa ukuba lidele 1 Mashi, 1634 ngemuva kokuthi usayine kuthula entsha, efanelekayo Rzeczpospolita. izimo zayo, phakathi kwezinye izinto kuhilela ukukhokhelwa Vladislav ayizinkulungwane 20. Hlikihla. esenana adikibale izimangalo emagunyeni eMoscow kanye nokubuya izimpawu adluliselwa kuyo umkhandlu eziyisikhombisa.

Phakathi neminyaka yempi 1632-1634. e-Commonwealth khona sesimanje asebenzayo yempi. Vladislav wayegxila ngcono wezikhali kanye elihamba phansi. Ngemva esifushane e-Commonwealth esongelwa abaseTurkey. Vladislav ehola ibutho eningizimu imingcele Russian. Yena ophoqelelwe abaseTurkey ukuba asayine kuthula emigomeni kuzuzisa yena. I abahlanganyeli abavumile ubambe impi futhi AmaTatar futhi Cossacks kusukela okuya phesheya nomunye futhi condominium Imininingwane phezu Wallachia naseMoldavia.

Ngemva kokuphothulwa umkhankaso eningizimu kwakudingekile ukuvikela ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwe-Commonwealth. Ngo-1635 i-Sweden, eye abathintekayo iMpi Yeminyaka Engu-nantathu, wavumelana Shturmsdorfskogo kuthula. Isivumelwano kwaba futhi inzuzo Rzeczpospolita. Ezinye iwine eSweden kwadingeka ukunikeza emuva.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Ngokwezazi-mlando eziningi, Vladislav wayezifunela udumo kakhulu. Wayefisa inkazimulo enkulu, okuyinto ihlelelwe ukuzuza aqala ukunqoba ephindelela entsha. Eminyakeni yamuva, ibhodi wayethemba ukuthi usebenzise amabutho Cossacks, ukuze baye basiza liyochukuluza impi ku Turkey nePoland. Ngo izinkathi ezahlukene wayefuna ukuba bathole amandla kabusha phezu Sweden. Vladislav wafuna izikhathi eziningana ukuba ubuyisele umqhele Russian. Waze izinhlelo ukuthunjwa ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Phakathi nokubusa wakwazi njalo ngokwanele ukuyengela Cossacks ukubuyisa ohlangothini lwabo. Nokho, yonke imizamo yakhe ayiphumelelanga ngenxa yokuntuleka ukwesekwa umbimbi angaphandle kanye gentry. Ngokuvamile, esikhundleni yezimpi ezinkulu zenzeka ezingadingekile umngcele izimpi, wafutha amandla isimo. Lokhu kwagcina kuholele ekubeni kuholele ekufeni ngenxa Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi uVlad kwaba ofuthelene kakhulu. Kwabathukuthelisa, wayengase uqale okuziphindiselela, ngaphandle kokucabanga ngemiphumela. Ngakho lapho amaProthestani izikhulu ivinjiwe izinhlelo zakhe ukuya alwe Sweden, waqala progabsburgskuyu inqubomgomo. Ikakhulukazi, walungiselela usizo wezempi sizana, washada uCecilia uRenata. Vladislav kwadingeka eziningi izinhlelo kanye dynastic nezempi, futhi siqu futhi indawo. Ngakho, ecabanga ukuthunjwa Livonia, yeSilesia, ngokujoyina Duchy Prussian, ukudala ngelakho Umqhele ubukhulu. Ezinye izinhlelo wakhe bengazizwa kahle igcwaliseke. Nokho, cishe akukaze kwenzeke lutho ngenxa yikuphi ukwehluleka phezu kuqondana izimo inhloso yalokho Kwakuhlelwe.

Impikiswano isipho

Saqala ngo-1638 Vladislav wafuna isipho ezingakhokhelwa nosingamama nonina Wanikeza ubukhulu Silesian, okungcono Opole-Ratsibuzhskim. Wasikisela ukuthi 1642 abakwaHabsburg ilungelo labo amandla e-Sweden. Kunalokho Vladislav ebuzwa yeSilesia njengoba izibambiso. Posted in Vienna Ambassador ahlinzekwa ukushintshashintsha imali emazweni zamaBohemia liyadingeka Teshinskoe noma Opole-Ratsibuzhskoe ubukhulu. Icala libambezelekile, futhi Vladislav Habsburg isithunywa samemezela ukuthi kuhlanganiswe Sweden. La mazwi zazinjengethusi i songo sobala, njengoba kulokhu Vladislav kungaba bamba yeSilesia futhi izindlela ezempi, ngaphandle kwemvume imithetho yombusi.

Ngo-April 1645 ngowokuqala e Warsaw ithunyelwe Inxusa entsha ukuze izingxoxo. Babaleka wangaphumelela ngoba Vladislav, kodwa sisihle abakwaHabsburg. Ngenxa yalokho, kwanqunywa ukuba uthumele ubukhulu, hhayi njengoba ngofuzo, futhi eminyakeni engu-50 yokusetshenziswa. ifa Kulindeleke kamuva ukudlula Casimir, indodana Vladislav. Lesi sakamuva kungenzeka ukuphatha umhlaba mdala owalandela. Ngaphandle Vladislav uyakumnika abakwaHabsburg boleko igolide-1.1 million.

ukwehluleka

Vladislav wasebenzisa isiqu esithi inkosi yakwa-Sweden. Nokho, kuleli zwe ngaphansi kwegunya lakhe yayingakaze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunjalo-Russia, ngisho nonyawo isethi ku insimu yalo. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, lapho wayesafuna ukuthi zilawule amandla e-Sweden. Kodwa yonke imizamo yakhe yokuthuthela, kanye nemizamo kayise, ayizange iphumelele. Domestic Politika Vladislava yayihloselwe nasekuqiniseni emandleni obukhosi. Nokho, it is njalo kuvimbe gentry abaye bazisa inkululeko yabo futhi ayikwazanga ulahlekelwe ilungelo iqhaza kuhulumeni. Vladislav kwadingeka sonke isikhathi ukuze banqobe noma iziphi izinkinga. Izithiyo adalwe Diet, sifuna ukulawula amandla akhe umoya wenkosi izifiso dynastic. Ukuthuthukisa ibutho ayebhekwa njengengxenye isifiso senkosi ukuqinisa ukuma ngesikhathi sempi. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-Diet basiphikise iningi Vladislav izinhlelo. Wanqatshelwa ngezimali, ngemvume we Declaration yezimpi ekuseni. Ngokufanayo kwakunjalo inqubomgomo angaphandle. Vladislav wazama ukudambisa ukungqubuzana kwezinhloso namaJalimane Scandinavians ngesikhathi iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi nantathu. Nokho, zonke izenzo zakhe futhi akusizi ngalutho, futhi ukusekela abakwaHabsburg cishe akazange nemiphumela. Ukuvikela isikhundla oLwandle iBaltic, Vladislav waqala ukuqinisa ngoxhaxha. Nokho, lolu hlelo olukhulu akugcini lapho.

isiphetho

Vladislav washona ngo 1648. izitho yakhe yangaphakathi futhi inhliziyo wangcwatshwa Chapel of St Casimir, e Cathedral of St Stanislaus ekhatsi Vilnius. Vladislav ukufa kwenzeke ngonyaka owodwa emva kokushona kwendodana yakhe Sigismund Casimir. Wayengekhona uyakwazi bona zonke izinhlelo zakhe, wayengasaboni ayokwakha kabusha Rzeczpospolita. Nokho, wakwazi agweme ukuzihilela iMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi nantathu.

Ngemva kokufa kuka-Vladislav yaphela inkathi yokuchuma isimo Polish. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe Cossacks wavukela. Babonisa ukunganeliseki yokuthi zonke izithembiso zakhulunywa akazange akwazi ukufeza. Lo mbhikisho we Cossacks lidlule okhuthele futhi wathunyelwa uhulumeni Polish force. Lesi simo zakala Sweden, elaqala ayehlasela isimo.