Self-ekumeni nge Dürer: incazelo, umlando kanye namaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Titan Western Europe Renaissance, wayeyisazi Renaissance Albreht Dyurer wayengomunye izinkanyezi ezikhanya emkhathini Umdwebo German. Umdwebi kunabo bonke ithuba xv-XVI eminyaka wayedume kwendandatho yakhe ukhuni zethusi; namathafa, wabulawelwa emifanekiso futhi gouache, ekumeni ongokoqobo ngokulinganiselwa eziphilayo. Waba ngowokuqala emlandweni art umhlaziyi. Njengoba indoda isabalalise Albrecht Dürer wadala hhayi imisebenzi kuphela oluvelele, futhi yobuciko bokusungula. Phakathi kwabo - lo mfanekiso "Melancholia" nge square wakhe magic. A umculi omuhle self-portraits yakhe edumile, lapho kwaphethwa ngokuthi ubuciko, futhi inhloso yombhali esiyingqayizivele sika. Ngoba impilo Albrecht Dürer wadala engengaphansi kwengu-50 imisebenzi enjalo, kodwa bambalwa abaye bafinyelela ngayo esikhathini sethu. Kuyini ephawulekayo self-portraits ngu Dürer? Bakwenzelani usengenza abayithandayo ziyathuthumela nangomdlandla umsebenzi wakhe?

Self-ekumeni njengoba Biography Albrehta Dyurera

Wokuphila bagomela ngokuthi inkosi Albrecht Dürer eseyinsizwa ekhangayo, kanye azithande ngezinga-ekumeni ngokwengxenye, kwakungenxa ngenxa isifiso ize ukujabulisa abantu. Nokho lo is yaniso betuswa. Dürer self-portraits - kukhombisa izwe lakhe elingaphakathi nokubukwa ubuciko, umlando kwemvelo intelligence nokuthuthukiswa zokunambitha kwezobuciko. On kubo ungakwazi ukulandelela yonke impilo umculi. Wakhe zonke izinyathelo - umsebenzi omusha, wehlukile kulowo odlule. Dürer wenza self-portrait of uhlobo ahlukene zobuciko, futhi umsebenzi wakhe sisonke baba Biography eziphilayo umdwebi. Abakwazi ngezinye izikhathi ngitshela ngaphezu kwanoma yimuphi ncwadi.

Eyokuqala self-portrait of umculi omkhulu

Eyokuqala self-portrait Albrehta Dyurera yasungulwa ngo 1484. Khona-ke umculi wayeneminyaka eyishumi nantathu kuphela ubudala, kodwa wayekwazi kakade indlela efanele unikele olinganise futhi yingcweti kahle iphini esiliva. Baqale waletha Albrecht abasha, wabuka ubuso bakho. Leli thuluzi amaqabunga primed iphepha esiliva umzila. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuba brown. Sula ngayo ishidi ngaphandle kokulimaza phansi, cishe akunakwenzeka. Nokho, Nantathu Albrecht, wayenikeze sakhe, ukudalwa okungasenza nobunzima ngisho umculi ebona ngaleso sikhathi.

Isibalo ubukeka Dürer abasha futhi ukucabangela ngesikhathi esifanayo esiqinile. Amehlo akhe agcwala usizi nokuzimisela. Hand isenzo kusikisela isifiso ezingahlangani wafinyelela umgomo walo - ukuba abe inkosi enkulu of izikebhe wakhe. Lapho ubaba Albrecht wabona indodana yakhe umsebenzi. Eyokuqala self-portrait ngu Dürer lashaya ngamagugu abanamakhono. Ubaba wayefuna njalo indodana yakhe baya ezinyathelweni zakhe, kodwa wakwazisa umsebenzi Albrecht, wamthumela lokuyofunda studio somculi Michael Wohlgemuth. Lapho, Dürer abasha ngafunda Umdwebo oqoshiwe.

An zakuqala self-portrait zezinsiba

Lapho beqeda ukuqeqeshwa, umculi ngamunye ngokwesiko isikhathi waqhubeka nohambo. Ngenkathi usohambeni, ayenakho ukuze uthole okuhlangenwe nakho kusukela amakhosi esuka nazo emazweni akude. Ukuba isebenzise lo mzila ngahamba Albrecht Dürer. Self-portrait, ngesineke phakathi nohambo lwakhe waya eYurophu, kwenziwa ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele. Ibonisa ikhono umculi osemusha ukuba sizindle iphepha isimo sangaphakathi komphefumulo womuntu. Ngalesi sikhathi, Durer esetshenziswa ipeni, futhi isimo sakhe wayehlukile. Isibalo "Self-Portrait ngebhandeshi" ubuso egcwele usizi Albrecht ubuhlungu nhlobo ebukhoneni bakhe. It ihlanganiswa ne imibimbi ezenza mnyama isithombe. Akwaziwa imbangela nomunyu, kodwa ukuthi ayenayo indawo ayehlala khona, akungabazeki.

Self-portrait, 1493

Lwathi luphela ezulazulayo Albrecht lamfica izindaba ngomshado wakhe oluzayo. Khona-ke, ngekhulu le-XV, abazali ngokwabo abakhetha izingane zabo ezimbalwa. uyise Albrecht sika wathola nomakoti kusukela emndenini etusekayo Nürnberg. Against eshada Agnes Frey, umculi osemusha akazange khumbulani. Kukhona umbono ukuthi kwaba ngesikhathi lo mcimbi futhi wabhala Durer "Self-sithombe ne-isihlahla somkhaya." Ngalezo zinsuku lalibhekwa kuyinsakavukela ukuthi abashadayo esizayo abajwayelene ngqo at the wedding, ngakho umculi osemusha wanquma anganipha isipho esikhethekile umkakhe esizayo.

Albrecht ku portrait yeminyaka engu-22 ubudala. Le nsizwa bebambe ku ibanga amehlo alo. He is ngco nekuphindze ubasite ekuhlanganiseni Cabangisisa. Albrecht amehlo kancane sika ngenxa yokuthi ukusebenza Kwesimo wayeqhubela, ebuka yena esibukweni. Njengoba izintambo ziyobe ziphethwe umculi ubambe namakhakhasi. Waba wavusa impikiswano phakathi abayithandayo of Durer.

Le mpikiswano phezu "Self-Portrait nge somkhaya"

Okulingana igama elithi "Isihlahla somkhaya" ngolimi German kuyinto männertreu, ngokwezwi nezwi ihumusha ngokuthi "zibonise ukwethembeka wesilisa". Lokhu kubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi i-self-portrait yayihloselwe Agnes Frey. Nokho, nezitha lo mbono baveza ukuthi le somkhaya - uphawu ugqozi Kristu, kanti nezitshalo iva ukumela uJesu ufulawa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-self-portrait Dürer wabhala: "Izindaba zami oPhezukonke." Futhi kubonisa ngokusobala ukuthi lo mdwebo - ukubonakaliswa ukwethembeka nokuzinikela umculi kuNkulunkulu, hhayi isipho kumkakhe esizayo. Nokho, iqiniso laziwe kuphela yena Durer.

Jobe isiNtaliyane, 1498

umsebenzi olandelayo Albrecht okuyinhloko uhlobo self-portrait ungakenzi e-Italy. Umdwebi ubelokhu efuna ukuya emaphandleni futhi simazi kangcono isiko esiyingqayizivele yokudweba Italy. unkosikazi Young nomkhaya wakhe akazange ayisekele nendlela umqondo yohambo, kodwa Igagasi isibetho balawulwa waseNuremberg, uhambo athandwayo kungenzeka. Durer wamshaya isiphithiphithi eliqhakazile imibala ebukeka Italy. Echaza ubunjalo isikhathi Amazing ukuzwakala. Dürer kwaba landscape umdwebi wokuqala emlandweni yobuciko. ekahle waso kwakuyindishi manje isithombe ngakwesokudla elihambisana uhlobo geometry. Isibhakabhaka okudala Italy wamsiza ukuba amukele yena njengoba umculi ezintsha. Futhi lokhu ngokugcwele kubonakala ngesiNtaliyane self-portrait yayo.

On ke okubonisa uyoba nokuzethemba oye waqaphela ubizo lwakhe, umdali umsebenzi futhi sazi isivumokholo enhle. Khona-ke kwaqala Dürer. Self, incazelo zazo likhomba ushintsho lobunikazi yakhe, wayephakathi imisebenzi edume kakhulu umculi. Dürer kuso ehloniphekile. ukuma zakhe ziqonde, namehlo akhe wezwakalisa ukuqiniseka. Albrecht ngokucebile abagqoke. Izinwele zakhe curled ngokucophelela sekungumsebenzi wakhe. Futhi ngemuva ungabona self-portrait landscape Italian - ugqozi okumsulwa umdwebi.

I senhliziyo ezine

umsebenzi olandelayo Dürer ibonisa ngokugcwele imvelo yakhe sazi, kanye ukuphishekela ukuzazi. Self-portrait elalinikezelwe imfundiso yesiGreki senhliziyo ezine. Ngokusho kwalo, abantu zihlukaniswe sanguine, choleric, melancholic futhi phlegmatic. I umbhalo "Bath zabesilisa" umculi omkhulu emelela esazo zonke Ubumnene ku lowo muntu. Dürer azi- melancholy. Lokhu wakusho once ngezinkanyezi engaziwa. It kungenziwa bazitshela ukuthi kule indima yakhe elathunjwa kule umbhalo. Umdwebi ukuboniswa usezakhele igama njengomqambi flutist, ukubungaza abangane babo.

"Self-Portrait ngomfanekiso Kristu", 1500

Dürer wabuya evela e-Italiya akuyona osafunda unamahloni futhi master of izikebhe wakhe. Ekhaya, u-Albrecht wathola eziningi oda owanikhipha udumo. Umsebenzi wakhe usevele eyaziwa ngaphandle kwe eNuremberg lwakubo, futhi umculi ngokwakhe wafaka ibhizinisi nsuku kwezohwebo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wayethola kwi leminyaka, lapho kuqala lapho kwaphawulwa sekupheleni kwezwe. isikhathi Olukhulu okulindelwe lokuphela kwezwe nomthelela ku Albrecht okuyinhloko. Futhi ngo-1500 kwavela umsebenzi edume kakhulu, okuyinto sidalwe Dürer - ". Self-portrait esithombeni kaKristu"

Yena ngokubonakalayo yena egcwele nobuso, ukuthi kwaba isibindi Amazing XVI leminyaka. Zonke ekumeni of bangaleso sikhathi babesebenza kuyo ngento eyodwa: abantu abavamile kuvezwa isigamu-waphenduka njalo, futhi uJesu kuphela kwaba ngaphandle. Dürer kwaba umculi ngowokuqala ephule le ukuvinjelwa ngeziphansi. amehlo Ukubhoboza, izinwele wavy, ephelele olinganise ubuso kwenza ngempela kubukeke sengathi Kristu. Ngisho esandleni sihleli ezansi ngendwangu, eligoqiwe isenzo evamile Baba ongcwele. Imibala esithombeni agodliwe. Against isizinda shades abamnyama, obomvu, omhlophe, futhi nsundu ivelele ubuso umculi. Sigqoke izembatho ukusikiwa nge noboya, master Albrecht owayebonakala emkhulu Ngokuqhathanisa yena noMdali, okuyinto kwakha umshini wokusika ibhulashi kanye nomhlaba ekhethekile, ongaqondakali futhi eyingqayizivele.

benkolo abazishaya ekumeni

Okwalandela self-portraits ngu Dürer waba umlingisi zenkolo evelele. XVI ekhulwini wayegcwele uthuthumele ezihlobene ilemuko lokubaluleka kwendima edlalwa kaNkulunkulu empilweni kumuntu ovamile. Iqhaza lo mbuzo uye wenza uMartin Luther, wazama ukudlulisela okushiwo emfundisweni yobuKristu kubantu. A Durer babhala izingoma eziningi zenkolo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona "Umkhosi ubuhlalu" nesithi "Wokudumisa zintathu Ongcwele." Bona Dürer hhayi kuphela master, kodwa futhi umhlanganyeli isenzo engcwele. Wakhokha intela kwabase-akukho okudlula ukuzinikela kuNkulunkulu.

I uthembeke kakhulu self-portrait

kokuhileleka enkolweni ingenye imisebenzi impikiswano kakhulu futhi Ayindida umdwebi - ". Self-nqunu" Albrecht Dürer zaveza yena umfanekiso Kristu abulawelwa ukholo. Mayelana ukuthi uthi ubuso nomzimba omncane, Haggard umzimba ukuma, okusikhumbuza uJesu phakathi ukubhaxabulwa. Ngisho emphethweni isikhumba, ifanekiselwa mculi ku nomlenze wokunene, kungase zinezincazelo ezingokomfanekiso. Kwakukhona omunye emanceba abo Kristu.

Figure amisiwe ipeni shayela on iphepha green anombala. Isikhathi esiqondile ukudalwa i-self-portrait ayaziwa, kodwa okusekelwe yobudala umculi esithombeni, thina Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi yena walibhala eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu XVI. Kuyaziwa ukuthi umbhali ulokhu esebenza ekhaya akazange amele umphakathi. Akukho mculo nangemva kwakhe akuzange bamele yena nqunu ngokuphelele. Okuthusayo ukhululeka usho okudingayo yakhe umdwebo sekunzima kungatholakala ezincwadini enikelwe art.

I last self-ekumeni of Albrehta Dyurera

Okwalandela self-portraits ngu Dürer wabikezela ukufa yayo okusheshayo. ENetherlands, washayiswa kokugula eziyinqaba, okuyinto ngalezo zinsuku babengasangihloniphi umqondo. Manje-mlando bayaqagela ukuthi kwaba umalaleveva. Umdwebi babenezinkinga ubende, yena wabonisa ngokucacile ngokuzilimaza portrait "Durer - ogulayo" nge endaweni ephuzi. Lesi sithombe-ke wathumela udokotela wakhe futhi wabhala kuye umlayezo omfushane. Lathi endaweni elibonisa indawo ophuzi, okubangela ubuhlungu. A obonakalisa isimo ngokomzimba umdwebi futhi ukuqhubeka zenkolo sasithi "Self-Portrait esithombeni kaKristu enihlupheka ngenxa yawo." Durer kuboniswe ke, bekhathele beyingcuba ngenxa yokugula engaziwa kanye disorder ezingokomoya, imbangela okwakukhona, mhlawumbe, iNguquko futhi izenzakalo ezihlobene.

Yena wafa kokushiya ngokushesha inzalo ifa kulenkhulu isikhathi sakhe. Self-ekumeni nge Dürer, kulondolozwe nemipheme edume kakhulu emhlabeni, njenge-Louvre Paris kanye Prado e Madrid, namanje mangaza ngamandla abo kwangaphakathi futhi ubuhle cishe ezingaqondakali.